CREATING CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF LIFE COMPETENCIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN A PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
N. A. Ukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Additional Education

The article deals with the organization of the process of formation of life competencies in pre-schoolers with mental retardation in a preschool educational institution. The directions of correctional work in the conditions of interaction of kindergarten, parents, institutions of additional education are presented. The features of the development of life competencies in preschoolers with mental retardation are determined.

Modelling of Teaching for Pre-School Children with Mental Retardation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Olga Shapko
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
School Children ◽  
External World ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Remedial Work ◽  
Model Algorithm ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The article discusses the experience of using models in remedial work with children with mental retardation of preschool age in kindergarten conditions. Examples of outlines of lessons with this category of preschool children 6-7 years old are offered. The reactions of children to the introduction of models are illustrated. The aim of the article is to show that models are an effective technique for children with mental retardation to perceive cognitive material, because they stimulate children to independent voluntary purposeful activity. This is facilitated by the model algorithm, which includes generalized images that are familiar to children and do not cause them difficulties. We have taken into account that for children with mental retardation the operation "comparison" is one of the difficult ones, but through it the relations between objects and phenomena of the external world are learned. Comparison therefore plays an important role in cognition Comparison helps to generalise and systematise knowledge. The process of comparison is a necessary condition for generalisation. The model can help children with mental retardation to find similarities between objects, which for them is rather more difficult than finding differences.

scholarly journals Preventing Communicative Disadaptation in Senior Preschool Children with Health Impairments in the Conditions of Educational Integration

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Е.Е. Дмитриева ◽  
Ю.П. Давыдова
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Educational Integration ◽  
Health Impairments

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема специальной психологии — коммуникативная дезадаптация. Представлены результаты теоретико-экспери­ментального изучения предпосылок коммуникативной дезадаптации старших дошкольников с задержкой психического развития и общим недоразвитием речи в условиях образовательной интеграции. Обоснованы теоретические подходы к изучению проблемы коммуникативно-личностного развития детей с разными вариантами нарушенного развития. Авторами выявлен дисбаланс в развитии мотивационных и операциональных компонентов общения у дошкольников, выделены дети группы риска, раскрыты механизмы возникновения коммуникативной дезадаптации у дошкольников с задержкой психического развития и общим недоразвитием речи, с учетом чего дифференцированы задачи коррекционного воздействия с целью коммуникативно-личностного развития этих детей и профилактики возникновения у них коммуникативных трудностей. Методологию исследования составляет коммуникативный подход к диагностике и коррекции коммуникативно-личностного развития старших дошкольников в условиях дизонтогенеза. Коммуникативный дизонтогенез рассматривается в контексте понятия «коммуникативная дезадаптация», а в качестве механизма возникновения коммуникативной дезадаптации у старших дошкольников с задержкой психического развития и общим недоразвитием речи — рассогласование в развитии мотивационной и операциональной сфер их общения. The article focuses on communicative disadaptation, as a relevant issue of special psychology. The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental investigation of the precursors of communicative disadaptation in preschool children with mental retardation and speech delay in the conditions of educational integration. The article substantiates theoretical approaches to the investigation of communication development of children with health impairments. The authors analyze the unbalanced development of motivational and operational components of communication in preschool children, describe risk groups, discuss the mechanisms of communicative disadaptation syndrome development in children with mental retardation and speech delay, which enables the authors to single out correctional strategies aimed at children’s communicative and personal development and communication problems prevention. The research is performed within the framework of a communicative approach, it focuses on the assessment and correction of senior preschool children’s communicative and personal development associated with disonthogenesis. Communicative disonthogenesis is treated through the prism of communicative disadaptation, whose mechanism is associated with mental retardation and speech delay in senior preschool children.

scholarly journals SCHOOL READINESS DEVELOPMENT MODEL BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF KINESIOLOGICAL EXERCISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
V.V. Pautova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Model Based

The article considers a structural-functional model of school readiness development of senior preschool children based on the use of kinesiological exercises, which allows to ensure an increase in the level of the children’s school readiness. The model has been implemented in a particular preschool educational institution. The presented material makes it possible to conclude that the designed and tested model reveals the role of kinesiological exercises in the formation of senior preschool children’s school readiness and its efficiency.

scholarly journals The effect of extracurricular activities on the adaptation of schoolchildren in a general education institution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Корецкая ◽  
П.В. Мамчур
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Additional Education

Одной из обязательных частей процесса адаптации личности в социуме считается адаптация обучающихся в образовательном учреждении. Наиболее сложным периодом школьной адаптации можно считать переход ребёнка из начального школьного звена в среднее, который характеризуется новыми условиями, формами обучения и сменой преподавательского состава. Именно в пятом классе к школьнику впервые предъявляется множество различных требований. Кроме того, этот период совпадает с началом раннего подросткового возраста у школьников, считающегося наиболее сложным периодом развития личности. Целью нашего исследования было рассмотреть специфику дополнительного образования как одного из факторов, оказывающего влияние на формирование социально-психологической адаптивности у школьников, и выявить особенности обучения детей младшего подросткового возраста, посещающих внешкольные занятия. В качестве основных методик исследования применялись: «Шкала личностной тревожности» А.М. Прихожан, методика социализированности личности учащегося М.И. Рожкова, «Рисунок социальной сети». Выбор данных методик был обусловлен возрастными особенностями участников исследования и позволил сделать подробный и комплексный анализ их уровня адаптации. Результаты исследования позволили создать рекомендации для психолого-педагогической коррекционной работы, направленные на преодоление адаптационных и коммуникативных сложностей у школьников. One of the mandatory parts of the process of adaptation of a person in society is the adaptation of students in an educational institution. One of the most difficult periods of school adaptation can be considered the transition of a child from primary school to secondary, which is characterized by new conditions, forms of education and a change in teaching staff. It is in the fifth grade that a student is first presented with many different requirements. In addition, this period coincides with the onset of early adolescence in schoolchildren, which is considered the most difficult period in personality development. The aim of the study was to consider the specifics of additional education as one of the factors influencing the formation of socio-psychological adaptability in schoolchildren, and to identify the peculiarities of teaching children of early adolescence who attend extracurricular activities. The main research methods used were: “Scale of personal anxiety” by A.M. Prihozhan, the method of socialization of the student's personality M.I. Rozhkova, "Drawing of a Social Network." The choice of these methods was due to the age characteristics of the study participants and made it possible to make a detailed and comprehensive analysis of their level of adaptation. The results of the study made it possible to create recommendations for psychological and pedagogical correctional work aimed at overcoming adaptive and communicative difficulties in schoolchildren.

scholarly journals THE EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND PARENTAL RESILIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Yevgeniya V. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Marital Relationships ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Projective Tests ◽  
Different Levels

The article describes the results of the study of the emotional well-being of preschool children and its connection with the parental resilience. An empirical study was conducted on the basis of pre-school institutions in Moscow, using diagnostic methods: tests – for parents and teachers; projective tests – for children whose results were analysed using computer statistical methods in the computational methods of statistical data processing. As a result of the study, the signifi cance of the problem of resilience in the context of modern digital environment and the theoretical concept of «emotional well-being of children» and its components are clarifi ed. A set of diagnostic methods for express diagnostics of the child’s emotional well-being in a preschool educational institution has been selected and modifi ed. Two questionnaires were developed (for parents and for teachers) to assess the emotional well-being of preschoolers. A signifi cant relationship was found between indicators: emotional well-being of preschool children and the parental resilience; features of child-parent relations, features of marital relationships. Using factor analysis, three groups of children with different levels of emotional well-being and three groups of parents with different levels of resilience, with children with low, medium and high levels of emotional well-being, are identifi ed and described.

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