scholarly journals Challenges in Nuclear Posture and Deterrence from India’s Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free World ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nuclear Dynamics ◽  
Strategic Stability ◽  
The World

South Asia comprises eight countries, among which India and Pakistan are two nuclear weapon powers marked by strained relations. Within this dynamic, this essay examines India’s nuclear path, in spite of its staunch support for a nuclear-weapon-free world. It covers Pakistan’s nuclear journey through proliferation and the logic for it to perpetrate state-sponsored terrorism against India, arguing that this serves as a major factor that could lead to war. Despite this potential, it also explains why South Asia is not the most dangerous nuclear flashpoint in the world. In addition to India and Pakistan, five other nuclear nations are present in the region, namely China, Russia, Israel, North Korea and the United States. As such, this essay discusses positive and negative effects of each of these powers on nuclear dynamics of the region. It concludes with recommendations for fostering strategic stability in South Asia.

America and Security Sponsorship

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Reich ◽  
Richard Ned Lebow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Norms ◽  
The U.S

This chapter draws on a conceptual and empirical analysis to rethink America's posthegemonic role in the world. While guided by self-interest, the chapter contends that the United States should pursue a strategy that helps to implement policies that are widely supported and are often mooted or initiated by others. It should generally refrain from attempting to set the agenda and lead in a traditional realist or liberal sense. Drawing on Simon Reich's work on global norms, the chapter looks at the success Washington has had in sponsoring—that is, in backing—initiatives originating elsewhere. It examines the successful provision of military assistance to NATO's campaign in Libya, which offers a stark contrast to the U.S. approach to Iraq. The chapter then offers counterfactual cases of U.S. drug policy in Mexico and efforts to keep North Korea from going nuclear.

Henry R. Luce and the Security Ethos

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
William O. Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Society ◽  
Free World ◽  
Good Samaritan ◽  
American Century ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War

The introduction shows how Henry R. Luce in his 1941 essay, “The American Century,” gave concrete form to the security ethos: the belief that, for its own safety, the United States should provide political and economic leadership and act as the indispensable Good Samaritan around the world. For Luce, longstanding fear of foreigners was unacceptable. The United States should heed a providential calling to serve as a beacon of hope for peoples everywhere. In practical terms, especially after 1945 as the Cold War took hold, U.S. officials acted to create a broadly-based free-world society in which modernization was possible. Success in this undertaking depended on whether they could establish credibility with those Washington presumed to lead.

China and the Emergence of Bangladesh: Role of Great Power Global Perceptions

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Mahanty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World

China's attitude to the Bangladesh Question has evoked a great deal of interest among China watchers. Its professed aim to end exploitation all over the world while extending assistance to West Pakistani exploiters expectedly provoked both academics and activists. Here an attempt is made to examine China's strategic thinking on a vital region, that is South Asia, and the real-politik that pushes into irrelevance the revolutionary pledges. China's failure to forestall the birth of Bangladesh forced it initially to fabricate a fake rationale and finally to reverse, through quick recognition, a hostile population into a friendly nation. History ends where politics begins; history, however, explains the present South Asian political scenario—the emerging triangle of China-Pakistan-Bangladesh, favourably disposed to the United States, while fetching sustenance from an anti-Indian prejudice.

Is the United States unique?

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-116
Author(s):  
Erik Bleich ◽  
Maurits van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Findings ◽  
Newspaper Articles

This chapter confirms that Muslim newspaper articles in Britain, Canada, and Australia are similar to those in American newspapers. Patterns in both the amount and the tone of coverage closely parallel our US findings, as do the factors associated with the greatest negativity, and the words most commonly used to describe Muslims or Islam. A probe into six newspapers from South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa, however, demonstrates that coverage of Muslims is not simply dictated by world events. In most of these newspapers, coverage of Muslims remains negative on average, but this negativity is simply far less intense than in the Anglophone North. In addition, the specific words most commonly associated with Muslims and Islam in these six newspapers are much more varied. Media around the world have more latitude to select stories and to frame discussions than an analysis of Anglophone North newspapers alone would imply.

The Evolving Inter-Korean Relationship and Regional Politics

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Joo Han
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
North And South

The historic June 2000 summit and subsequent exchanges between North and South Korea have added a new dimension to not only South-North Korean relations but also the situation in Northeast Asia as a whole. On one hand, the thawing South- North Korean relations has generated great optimism among those who see it as an irrefutable sign of North Korea's intention to join the rest of the world as a constructive player. At the other extreme, it is seen as a deceptive, if not desperate, act on the part of North Korea to reap economic gains and lower the guard of South Korea and its allies, principally the United States. Perhaps a more realistic assessment lies somewhere between these polar analyses.

Threatening the Unthinkable: Strategic Stability and the Credibility of North Korea's Nuclear Threats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Kodama
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
Strategic Stability ◽  
Willingness To Use

Abstract With the spread of nuclear weapons to regional actors facing adversaries with superior conventional and nuclear forces, the prospect of deliberate nuclear first use is no longer unthinkable. This is especially the case with North Korea, which not only faces strong incentives for first use in a crisis but also has made the threat of first use a key component of its nuclear posture. To analyze the emerging US-DPRK deterrence relationship, this article presents a framework for outlining North Korea's calculus of when first use is rational, and examines the interaction between North Korea's threshold for first use and the United States’ perception of that threshold. By conceptualizing this interaction with four ideal-typical dyads, this article argues that the most stable dyad is one in which the United States recognizes that North Korea has the capability and willingness to use nuclear weapons at low crisis thresholds.

Reviews of the Literature

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Free World ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Technical Assistant ◽  
Major Outbreak

Within the past dozen years the area known as the Middle or Near East has assumed a position of primary importance in international affairs. During 1951 British relations with Iran and Egypt reached a crisis that could easily result in the collapse of the shaky balance of power that has prevailed in the area since the Soviets withdrew from Iran in 1947. During the same year, the United States found itself on the outside, continually concerned lest each minor upheaval or clash result in a major outbreak, and doing what it could as arbitrator, mediator, technical assistant and supplier of money. France, still clinging to the belief that it has discovered the secret of effective colonial control, is being faced with a growing nationalist movement in Tunisia that might easily turn out another Egypt. The whole area, in fact, has become so important to the cause of the free world that even the remotest village election, even the most minor clash between feuding hill people, is noted with due concern in every major capital in the world.

Overview of the Current and Potential Effects of COVID-19 on U.S. Animal Shelters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Szydlowski ◽  
Chelsea Gragg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World

Despite the global COVID-19 pandemic, animal shelters in the United States and around the world are experiencing massive increases in adoption and foster rates.  Remaining open as designated essential businesses, these shelters are interviewing adopters in parking lots to maintain social distancing guidelines and watching even long-term or hard-to-adopt residents find permanent homes.  The reasons behind these phenomena are varied, but appear to stem in part from the positive benefits humans feel that they receive from sharing their home with an animal. In addition, many believe that being able to spend more time at home is important when adopting a pet, and COVID-19 has allowed people this opportunity.  This study examines the adoption phenomena through an anthrozoological lens, and identifies the reasons behind this increase in animal adoption as well as the potential negative effects once the COVID crisis is over. If this increase in adoption will continue as people return to work remains to be seen, and experts question whether relinquishment and abandonment rates will skyrocket as the nation faces widespread unemployment and economic insecurity.

scholarly journals LOTTERY GAMBLING TRADITION IN AMERICA AS PORTRAYED IN SHIRLEY JACKSON’S THE LOTTERY AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE LOTTERY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Nestiani Hutami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
American Society ◽  
Lottery Gambling ◽  
Great Development

Discussing about gambling practiced in western culture has always been a controversial phenomenon for there are abundant of both positive and negative effects. This phenomenon is portrayed in one of Shirley Jackson’s works which is interesting to notice that she who is known for her mysticism in most of her works put lottery gambling tradition into her iconic short story entitled “The Lottery”. However, although Jackson’s idea about performing lottery is quite different from American society in general, she tries to depict the value of lottery itself as one of the preserved traditions in the United States. The great development of lottery gambling in America assuredly contributes to the growth of this gambling around the world. It does not only give impacts on the life of American people, but also on the life of people of other countries, especially Indonesia.Keywords: lottery, tradition, controversy, value, development, impact.

Protecting the Free World

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
William O. Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Truman Administration ◽  
Free World ◽  
American Century ◽  
Influence Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This chapter, covering the years 1950-1952, demonstrates how the United States expanded the American Century by protecting the Free World. In April 1950, the National Security Council led by Paul H. Nitze formalized the grand strategy of global containment in NSC 68. Thereafter, U.S. influence spread throughout the world, especially to Syngman Rhee’s South Korea, Taiwan, Indochina, and the oil-rich Middle East. Economically, the Truman administration turned to economic aid and, importantly, the International Monetary Fund to improve the chances of modernization in developing lands. U.S. officials also sought to strengthen the Free World through cultural programs, which meant Americanization at the local level. These efforts largely succeeded, greatly aiding the cause of the American Century.

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