scholarly journals Modelling of rare plant species diversity changes by anthropogenic factors in meadow steppes of the Southern Opillya

2017 ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Dmytrash-Vatseba I.
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Plant Richness ◽  
Negative Factors

Nowadays, area decrease and pastoral digression enhance are determinative factors for the extinction of rare plants populations. Making their cumulative impact on rare fraction of meadow steppes, these negative factors govern 74.4 % of habitats richness in the Southern Opillya. Two models were built to demonstrate the process of rare species number reduction under stress of the negative factors. Model I (regression model) displays a graduate ten times reduction in rare plant diversity rate with increasing of the factors intensity. Model II was developed based on generalized dataset of rare species number in habitats. It reveals an abrupt reduction of rare plant richness at the very beginning of habitat degradation, also at the last stages of this process. A species composition of rare fraction of flora for meadow steppes at different degradation level is presented.

scholarly journals RIQUEZA ESPECÍFICA EM ÁREAS DE CAMPO NATIVO IMPACTADAS POR VISITAÇÃO TURÍSTICA E PASTEJO NO PARQUE NACIONAL DOS CAMPOS GERAIS, PR

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Dalazoana ◽  
Rosemeri Segecin Moro
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Grassland Community ◽  
Campos De Altitude ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Selection Of

O Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais (PNCG) detém áreas de campos de altitude sob forte pressão antrópica, com a expansão das atividades agrícolas, pecuária, silvicultura e visitação turística desordenada. Devido ao impacto gerado, existe uma tendência à diminuição da riqueza específica, através da seletividade de espécies. Este trabalho analisa a resposta das comunidades campestres em termos de composição de espécies aos impactos de pastejo, roçada e pisoteio humano. Em quatro estações de coleta, foram determinados 107 táxons distribuídos em 23 famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza específica foram Asteraceae e Poaceae, ambas com 24 táxons, e Fabaceae, com 14 táxons. A riqueza específica variou de 27 a 75 espécies, com maior riqueza na estação não pastejada nem roçada, apenas visitada por turistas. O levantamento mostrou que, apesar da pressão antrópica, as áreas estudadas exibem considerável riqueza específica quando comparadas a outros trabalhos na região, mantendo ainda seu potencial biótico dinâmico. Floristicamente, os impactos gerados por gado ou por manejo com roçadeira se equivalem. Seis gêneros têm potencial para serem utilizados como bioindicadores de áreas conservadas: Croton, Galactia, Periandra, Cuphea, Pavonia e Commelina, mas há necessidade de ampliação das áreas estudadas para estabelecer mais claramente seu valor de bioindicação.Palavras-chave: Campo nativo; Campos Gerais; área impactada; pastejo; visitação turística. AbstractThe species diversity in native grassland areas that are under impact of tourism and grazing at Campos Gerais National Park, Parana, Brazil. Campos Gerais National Park (PNCG) has areas of grassland under high anthropogenic pressure, as expansion of agricultural activities, livestock, forestry and disorderly tourism. Due to these impacts, there is a tendency to decrease local biodiversity by selection of more resistant species. This paper focuses the grassland community answers to mowing, grazing and tourism. In four sampling sites it was determined 107 taxa belonging to 23 botanic families. The main families are Asteraceae (24 taxa), Poaceae (24 taxa) and Fabaceae (14 taxa). Species diversity varied from 27 to 75 species. In relation to species number, non-grazed areas presented greater diversity than other ones; it points to that touristic visitation may cause lower impact than grazing or mowing. In spite of the anthropogenic factors, the focused sites presented high specific diversity in relation to related areas. In relation to species diversity, grazing or mowing are equal. Six genera presented potentiality as bioindicators of preserved environments: Croton, Galactia, Periandra, Cuphea, Pavonia, and Commelina, although more sample areas are necessary to reliable results.Keywords: Grasslands; Campos Gerais; impacted area; grazing; touristic activities.

Rare plants in the Golden Gate Estuary (California): the relationship between scale and understanding

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy L. Fiedler ◽  
Megan E. Keever ◽  
Brenda J. Grewell ◽  
Douglas J. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Restoration Effort

We analysed 10 rare-plant projects conducted from 1982 to 2005 for trends in scientific findings, project costs, effort and efficacy. Our purpose was to determine whether generalisations about these factors can be found, and if so, whether they might be useful for designing and implementing successful future rare-plant endeavours. Analysis results revealed that rare plant species persist despite their restriction to a highly fragmented and degraded urbanised estuary of more than seven million people. Also important were the findings that with sufficient funding, successful rare-plant reintroduction is possible in the short-term at minimum. Habitat considerations, however, are paramount—i.e. habitat requirements of a rare species should be known before reintroduction for the restoration effort to be likely to be successful. Understanding ecosystem functions that support rare species, therefore, remains the highest priority for rare-plant restorationists. Project costs varied significantly, as expected, but a ‘middle ground’ provides necessary and sufficient funding to conduct most rare-plant work for one or a few species. Costs rise, but not linearly, when additional rare taxa are included. Given our experience is applicable elsewhere, taking an ecosystem approach to protection of rare flora is most successful and cost effective.

Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving the Highly Hunted Mammal Species as Bushmeat in Southern Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Chabi A.M.S. Djagoun ◽  
Etotépé A. Sogbohossou ◽  
Barthélémy Kassa ◽  
Christian B. Ahouandjinou ◽  
Hugues A. Akpona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Occupancy Model ◽  
Habitat Occupancy ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Lama Forest

Background: The habitat degradation together with fragmentation and illegal hunting represent a major threat for biodiversity conservation in Lama protected areas. Method: We used a combination of questionnaire survey with local communities for ranking the hunted mammal species as bushmeat and track surveys in gridded-cell system of 500x500 m2 (n=268) to assess at what extend the management design, the anthropogenic factors and habitat type affect the occupancy model of those mammal species. Results: Twenty mammal species have been predominantly reported by the local inhabitants to consume bushmeat species and 5 of them have been identified as the most preferable as hunted game mammals. The selection of the preferred habitat among the swampy forest, the dense forest, the tree plantations and cropland for the prioritized game species varies between species but looks similar when grouping in different orders. Some bushmeat species were found to select the more secure habitat (natural forest); suggesting the zoning system in the Lama forest can passively protect those species. However, some species such as T. swinderianus although highly hunted showed preference to anthropogenic habitat, avoiding the well secured core zone in Lama Forest. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the importance of the zoning system with different management objectives in the habitat occupancy model of the highly hunted wildlife species.

First data on plasmodial slime moulds (Myxomycetes = Myxogastrea) of Rdeysky Nature Reserve (Novgorod Region, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
N. I. Borzov ◽  
F. M. Bortnikov ◽  
A. V. Matveev ◽  
V. I. Gmoshinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Slime Moulds ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
Plasmodial Slime Moulds ◽  
State Nature

The results of the first study of the species diversity of myxomycetes of the Rdeysky State Nature Reserve are presented. The 201 field specimens of sporophores belonging to 56 morphospecies from 27 genera, ten families, and six orders were collected from September 30 to October 5, 2020. Fifty-two species of these were new for the Novgorod Region. The most common species at the reserve were Arcyria affinis, Hemitrichia calyculata, Lycogala epidendrum, Metatrichia vesparia, Physarum album, Trichia decipiens, and T. varia. Additionally, detailed morphological descriptions of two rare species Amaurochaete trechispora and Trichia crateriformis are given.

Effect of Artificial Grassland Establishing on the Vegetation Restoration in the Degraded Ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3474-3478
Author(s):  
Tie Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Annual Grasses

Experiment was executed to plant Bromus inermis artificially in the degraded ecosystem, and study effect of grass planting on vegetation restoration. The results indicated that natural vegetation restored rapidly in the degraded ecosystem in two years after grass planted. But species diversity changed little in the early period of vegetation restoration, while vegetation biomass, coverage and anti-interference improved quickly. In addition, species number and important value of perennial grasses increased while those of annual grasses decreased. Then community composition with annual plants mainly changed gradually into that with perennial plants mainly after Bromus inermis planted. However, overground biomass and coverage of restored vegetation and dominance of Bromus inermis planted decreased after vegetation cut once a year. And species diversity and important value of annual grasses increased. Thus it could be good for uniformity of species distribution and stability of community composition and structure to develop.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТЕПОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ПАРКУ «КРЕМЕНЕЦЬКІ ГОРИ», ЇХ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ВІДТВОРЕННЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
М. Shtogrin ◽  
L. Onuk ◽  
A. Shtogun ◽  
I. Bobrik
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Management Project

Steppe areas of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains" occupy the minimum area in open hills and rocky niches, so the priority tasks are the protection of unique steppe ecosystems.Reproduction of steppe areas is one of the tasks aimed at preserving the diversity of steppe and petrophytic flora, the structure of cenoses in the steppe regions, as well as the habitats of rare steppe plants.The work is based on field research materials conducted during 2012-2018 on the territory of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains". In the course of research, literary data and geo-botanical studies of the Strahov, Vovcha, Sokolina, Maiden cliffs and Zamkov mountains have been processed, flora and phytocenotic features of steppe and meadow-steppe phyto groups, the state and structure of rare species populations have been described.Characterized by the laws of distribution of steppe and meadow-steppe species of plants on the territory of the National Nature Park "Kremenets Mountains". The influence of natural conditions is described, factors which contribute to the decrease in the number of populations of these species are determined. The measures on preservation and reproduction of steppe ecosystems, preservation of the diversity of steppe and petrophytic flora, and the structure of the cenosis of the steppe regions are presented. The age structure of Adonis vernalis L., which grows on the Malyatyn and Vovchyna rivers, is studied.In order to preserve the populations of the listed rare steppe plant species, active measures have been taken within the framework of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains", which consists in reducing the anthropogenic impact and restoring the settlement of rare species. According to the Territory Management Project, the state of afforestation of steppe areas is monitored, shrubs, undergrowth of trees and invasive herbaceous plants (in particular, Solidago canadensis L.) are cleared with which the steppe areas spontaneously grow; some measures are taken to increase the number of rare plants (repatriation).This will promote the expansion of steppe areas, the increase of the proportion of steppe and meadow species in the grassland and increase the area under the populations of individual rare species.

scholarly journals MONITORING POPULATION ORHIDACEAE RARELY PLANTS COMMUNITY THE SUBURBS V. SEMIPOLKY

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
V. Korchevska ◽  
O. Voytsekhivska
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Structure Monitoring ◽  
Anacamptis Palustris ◽  
Loss Of Strength

It is analyzed the population dynamics, vitality and age structure of populations of individuals of 4 rare plants of Orshidaceae family – Anacamptis palustris (Jacg.) R.M. Bateman, Dactylorhiza maculate (L.) Soό, Dactulorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. Ex Reichenb.) Soό, Dactylorhiza incarnate (L). Soό in the article. The population age structure monitoring found that the most stable is the population of Anacamptis palustris species (loss of strength 20.5 %, the population is in a mature state of 2012.), the most volatile one is Dactylorhiza maculata (loss of strength 44.6 %, permanent change of age structure). The effects of natural abiotic factors (temperature, rainfall) did not significantly affect to the population structure, while the effects of anthropogenic factors led to population depression. In population of Dactulorhiza traunsteineri and Dactylorhiza maculata it is observed the prevalence of low vitality class individuals', which indicates the presence of population adaptive potential. The primary condition for the preservation of population of Orchidaceae family is the creation of optimal conditions for their growth, the reduction of the anthropogenic load and provision to the studied areas the reservation status.

scholarly journals The macrozoobenthos under clam farm (the Black Sea, Sevastopol region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Boltacheva ◽  
M. V. Makarov ◽  
L. V. Bondarenko ◽  
M. A. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Bivalve Mollusk ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Density And Biomass

During 2015–2106 the macrozoobenthos under the clam farm located in the area of Sevastopol was investigated. The aim of the study is to consider species composition, density and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the area of the clam farm. The samples were taken using standard benthic techniques. Relatively low species diversity was observed, with 56 species of macrozoobenthos identified. The density was 500–975 ind. per m², the biomass varied from 0.8 to 381.1 g·m-2. The community of the bivalve mollusk Lucinella divaricata (Linnaeus, 1758) was found. Trophic structure of the community with high quantity of detritus feeders dominated by small polychaetes was determined. The dominating, typical and rare species were identified. Comparison with the data obtained in 1957 in Evpatoriya – Sevastopol area at the same depths and sediments was made.

scholarly journals Influence of Anthropogenic Factors on the State of Woody Plants in Volgograd

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tereshchenko ◽  
Galina Sroslova ◽  
Margarita Postnova ◽  
Yuliya Zimina ◽  
Mikhail Sroslov
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Green Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The City

Studies conducted in different cities have shown that trees growing in urbanized areas reduce noise levels and cleanse the air of solid particles, ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and other pollutants contained in car fumes, transport dust and generated by industry. The reaction to the influence of negative factors in woody plants is in disturbances in metabolism and biochemical composition, their general development also changes, and their population decreases. The indicators of disorders occurring at the cellular and tissue levels are more sensitive to the influence of negative anthropogenic factors in comparison with external manifestations. The research was carried out on woody plants: small-leaved linden (L. Tíliacordáta), horse chestnut (L. Aésculus); the soil. The research was carried out in 9 districts of Volgograd. The assessment of the state of woody plants was carried out by the visual method based on external signs. GOST methods were used to determine the concentrations of chemical elements in the foliage and soil of woody plants. Using physical and chemical methods, the concentrations of chemical elements in the soil and biomass of woody plants taken from the selected areas of the city of Volgograd were obtained, and the correlation between these indicators and the life state of woody plants was determined. The dependence of the indicators of the concentration of nutrients in the soil and the state and viability of woody plants was well traced. In general, the state of most of the woody plants of the city was healthy or moderately weakened. Such a high level of the life state is explained by the relatively young age structure of the studied plants, because at a young age woody plants are more resistant to negative factors of the urban environment. The revealed features of the life of woody plants in the city can be taken into account in the practice of city green building.

scholarly journals Rare component of Halych National Nature Park forest ecosystems flora (Ivano-Frankivsk region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-302
Author(s):  
Dmytrash-Vatseba I.I. ◽  
Shumska N.V. ◽  
Gniezdilova V.I.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
General Number ◽  
Nature Park

The paper contains a synopsis of rare component of flora of Halych National Nature Park forest ecosystems, as well as evaluation of distribution trends of rare vascular plant species and the state of their populations. Being established in 2004, the Park is located in Halych district of Ivano-Frankivsk region on the area of 14684.8 ha. Forests occupy the biggest part of its territory (81.1 %), among which predominate poor and mixed oak (Querceta roboris), beech (Fageta sylvaticae) and hornbeam (Carpineta betuli) woods. Inventory check of plant cover of the forest ecosystems has been done between 2008-2019 years. According to the results of our study, within the forests and forest margins grow 303 vascular plant species, out of which 63 are rare (20.8 %). The list of rare species is composed of species included to the Red Data Book of Ukraine, of species protected by international conventions and directives and complemented by species that are threatened within the study region. Species were considered as threatened if the number of localities and / or population size were small. Regionally rare species were selected based on the analyzes of results of our field survey and materials of herbarium collections. We have found that the third part of rare species (33.3 %) has high coenotic amplitude and a bit less species (26.2 %) favor forest margins. Rare species having low coenotic amplitude are confined to beech woods (19.1 %). Rare species are considerably distinguished by occurrence. Species with scarce occurrence predominate. For instance, 61 % of the species were found in 1-5 localities, of which 25 species occur only in one or two sites. Share of species growing in 6-10 localities within the Park is equal to 26.6 %. Only a small percentage (6.2 %) of rare species comprises species with relatively frequent occurrence (11–20 localities as well as more than 20 cites). Rare species of the Park forests with the highest occurrence rate are Lilium martagon and some members of Orchidaceae family. Predominantly, rare species have populations of small size, for instance, 81.2 % of the species were found in quantities of a few plants – several hundreds of individuals. The most threatened are species general number of which at the Park area is several plants (15.6 %). These species are as follows: Circaea alpina, Atropa bella-donna, Campanula latifolia, Phyteuma spicatum, Epipactis atrorubens etc. The biggest groups comprise species with general number of few tens and several hundreds of individuals (totally 65.6 %). Species with big populations represent far smaller part of forest rare species. Nine rare species grow in the number of several thousands of plants within the Park and three species (Allium ursinum, Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum) – over a million. It has been established that 52.4 % of rare species populations taken together remain in critically bad state, 28.6 % of the populations – in bad state, 14.3 % – in satisfactory state. Only 4.8 % of populations are in good state. Our results show that about 95 % of species are in need of protection and continuous monitoring of population number. Furthermore, 51 species of rare plants,having low number and bad state of populations, require to work out and implement management plans for their restoration. Key words: rare species, vascular plants, population state, species occurrence, population number

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document