Rare plant species in Zavodska hromada (Myrhorod district, Poltava region, Ukraine)

According to our own observations, literature data and herbarium data, we compiled a list of rare plant species of Zavodska hromada (Myrhorod district, Poltava region, Ukraine) including the information on the findings of them. We have posted plant observations on iNaturalist: https://www.inaturalist.org/people/igor_olshanskyi. There are two species that are included in Annex I of the Bern Convention [according to the oflcial translation into Ukrainian: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_032#Text] (Jurinea cyanoides and Salvinia natans), five species that are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009) (Anacamptis palustris, Astragalus dasyanthus, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Gladiolus tenuis and Salvinia natans) and eight species are rare in Poltava region (Amygdalus nana, Convallaria majalis, Inula helenium, Nymphaea alba, Sanguisorba officinalis, Utricularia vulgaris, Valeriana officinalis, Vinca minor). On the territory of Zavodska hromada, rare plant species are more common in rivers, meadows and swamps in the floodplains of the rivers Sula, Artopolot and Bodakva. Also, they grow on steppe slopes and in forests.

Orchid Extinction over the Last 150 Years in the Czech Republic

Understanding temporal changes in the distribution and abundance of various species is one of the key goals of conservation biology. During recent decades, the abundance and distribution of many species of plants and animals have declined dramatically, mainly because of habitat loss and fragmentation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the rate of extinction of orchids at various sites in different 20-year time intervals over the last 150 years, determined according to changes in society. Using the dataset of the orchid records of the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, we determined the disappearance rate of orchids from sites using a grid of 1 × 1 km. We found that the vast majority of orchids disappeared from many of their historical localities in all time intervals analyzed. The number of sites suitable for Czech orchids declined by 8–92%, depending on the species. The most threatened orchid species in the Czech Republic are Spiranthes spiralis, Anacamptis palustris, Epipogium aphyllum and Goodyera repens. This all seems to be closely related with changes in agricultural practices in the open as well as in forest habitats. Preserving suitable orchid habitats seems to be the key for keeping Czech orchid flora alive.

The Orchid family (Orchidaceae Juss.) on the territory of Chernivtsi: horological and phytocoenotical features

The article reports about chorology, phytocenotic, biotopical features of 24 orchid species (Orchidaceae Juss.) on the territory of Chernivtsi. The history of studying orchids in the city is described. The authors give the cadastre of locations of orchids based on studies of material at the herbariums (CHER, KW, LE, LW, МНА), literary sources and own collecting expeditions. There found 24 species of orchids in Chernivtsi. 6 of them (Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase s.l., A. palustris (Jacq.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase, Corallorhiza trífida Châtel., Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fries) Soó, Orchis purpurea Huds. та О. signifera Vest.) are not been confirmed by modern collecting expeditions, 3 of them (Anacamptis palustris, Orchis purpurea, О. signifera) were listed from herbarium and literary sources of the second half of ХІХ century. At the moment these species and their habitats are suspected to have been lost due to urban transformation. 17 species (70,8%) of orchids have been found in 1-5 habitats, and 7 species (29,2%) – in 6-20 habitats. Orchids are the part of 4 alliance 4 orders and 2 classes of natural vegetation Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Jakucs ex Passarge 1968 and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937 and 5 types of habitats (4 of them are natural and 1 – synanthropic) on the territory of Chernivtsi. Natural plant communities with orchids belong to 4 habitats from Annex I of the Council Directive – 9130, 9170, 6510, 6440 and 4 biotopes listed in Resolution №4 of the Bern Convention – G1.6, G1.A1, E2.2, Е3.4. Remnants of natural forest biotopes having orchids were survived by the designation of landscape sanctuary – «Tsetsino» (430 ha) the object of national significance and «Haryachyy Urban» (108 ha) the object of regional significance. There are 11 and 2 species of orchids on the territory of «Tsetsinо» and «Haryachyy Urban» respectively. Cultivated coenosis of the biggest Park Architecture Monument of regional significance «Zhovtnevyy» (63,5 ha) have 3 speсies of orchids. 4 species are not protected. These results are important for follow-up monitoring measures on rare species of plants in Chernivtsi.

A Synopsis of Sardinian Studies: Why Is it Important to Work on Island Orchids?

Biological and ecological investigations of islands are crucial to explain ecosystem functioning. Many studies on island biodiversity are carried out on oceanic islands. In contrast, information on continental islands, such as those in the Mediterranean Sea, is very often fragmented in space and time. Here, a synopsis of the Orchidaceae of Sardinia is presented based on literature surveys and recent botanical field studies. Our final list comprises of 64 species and 14 genera: thirteen species and subspecies were recognized as endemic and four new species were recorded for the flora of the island: Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase; Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng; Orchis italica Poir.; and Platanthera kuenkelei subsp. kuenkelei var. sardoa R.Lorenz, Akhalk., H.Baumann, Cortis, Cogoni & Scrugli. This orchid richness reflects the geological history of the island that was linked to the mainland several times, facing long periods of isolation. We also discuss a critical point-of-view of the biodiversity shortfalls still problematic for insular orchids. Indeed, within the Mediterranean Basin, the greatest amount of endemism occurs mainly on large islands, and, despite a long history of botanical exploration in European countries, many of them are scarcely investigated. This annotated synopsis shows the potential of continental islands to understand trends in ecology and evolution. Further studies are required to complete our knowledge of the orchid diversity on continental islands in order to propose scientific-based conservation programs to preserve these unique taxa.

Water and wetland flora of the City of Kharkiv (an annotated list and main parameters)

The long-term floristic research in the City of Kharkiv, as well as analysis of the literature data and CWU herbarium materials recorded 95 species, 65 genera and 38 families of plants in the present water and wetland flora of the city. Of these, 18 species occur in the water bodies, and 77 species in the wetlands. An annotated list of the water and wetland flora is compiled. All species are provided with the data on their distribution within the city, habitat conditions, types of geographic range and conservation status. Geographical analysis revealed the general correspondence of the city flora to the typical flora of the region. The city flora is represented by the groups of species with five regional types; the Circumpolar (35 species, 36.8 %) and the Eurasian (26 species, 27.3 %) types are the most speciose. In terms of conservation importance, 15 recorded species require protection ‒ two species of water vascular plants and 13 species of wetlands. Of these, four species are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Anacamptis coriophora, Anacamptis palustris, Dactylorchiza majalis, Epipactis palustris); seven species are in the list of plants that require special protection in the Kharkiv Region (Carex pseudocyperus, Nuphar luteum, Parnassia palustris, Ranunculus circinatum, Typha laxmannii, Valeriana officinalis, Vallisneria spiralis); three species are listed in Annex II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES II) (Anacamptis coriophora, Anacamptis palustris, Epipactis palustris); one species (Epipactis palustris) is in the list of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); and two species are in the Red List of Macrophytes (Nuphar lutea and Glyceria arundinacea). One species is also a member of а plant association listed in the Green Data Book of Ukraine, and two species are the members of vegetation groups in the Green List of Kharkiv Region. Five invasive species were found in the city flora: three water species (Pistia stratiotes, Vallisneria spiralis, Elodea canadensis) and two wetland species (Echinocistis lobata and Bidens frondosa).

РЕПРЕЗЕНТАТИВНІСТЬ РІДКІСНОЇ ФІТОБІОТИ НА ЗАПОВІДНИХ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВНИХ ДЛЯ ЗАПОВІДАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ ЗАЧЕПИЛІВСЬКОГО РАЙОНУ ХАРКІВЩИНИ

Relevance of diversity researches in natural and urban protected landscapes is widely recognized in world. The aim of our work was to study the current state of the rare phytobiota of protected and promising objects of one of the most plowed areas of Kharkiv district – Zachepilovsky. This article represents the results of phytobiots studies in 5 preservation areas of Zachepylivskyi district in Kharkiv region and in 5 perspective sanctuary zones, which are planned to be created as a part of the ecological network. Almost all surveyed territories have remained in a slightly disturbed state. They give a fulfilling representation of the natural vegetation in studied zone: true and shrub steppes, floodplain oak and alder forests, saline and marshy meadows, coastal-aquatic and aquatic vegetation. The rare phytobiots include 13 protected plant groups, three of which (Stipeta capillatae, Stipeta lessingianaea, Stipeta borysthenicae), are listed in the Green Book of Ukraine and 26 species of rare flora, 10 of which are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine: Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase, Crambe aspera M. Bieb., Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soо s.l., Gladiolus tenuis M. Bieb., Fritillaria meleagroides Patrin ex Schult. et Schult.f., Ornithogalum boucheanum (Kunth) Asch., Stipa borysthenica Klokov ex Prokudin, S. capillata L., S. lessingiana Trin. et Rupr., Tulipa quercetorum Klokov et Zoz. The largest degree of rare phyto-diversity was perceived in wetland area - the Orel River Flood, where 2 groups from the Green Book of Ukraine, 4 groups from the Green List of Kharkiv region, 6 rare species from the Red Book of Ukraine and 8 from the Red List of Kharkiv region are growing.

Rare and protected species of flora of wetlands places of the Kharkiv region (Ukraine)

The article presents the results of the research of rare and protected species of wetlands places flora of the Kharkiv region. According to the field studies results, literary sources analysis and materials of the CWU and KW herbarium, it has been established that at least 225 species of vascular plants are present in the flora of wetlands places. The annotated list of rare and protected species of flora of wetlands places in the region has been made. It contains 41 species. For each species, the status of protection is defined. 32 species are identified as insufficiently studied and requiring detailed research and estimation of their sozological significance, in order to determine the need for their protection at the regional level. In total, 15 species from the identified are listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine: Lycopodiella inudata (L.) (Holub); Drosera anglica Huds.; Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill; Caldesia parnassifolia (L). Parl.; Fritillaria meleagroides Patrin ex Schult. et Schul. fil.; Fritillaria meleagris L.; Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M.Bateman; Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase; Dactylorchiza fuchsii (Druce) Soo; Dactylorchiza incarnata (L.) Soo; Dactylorchiza majalis (Reichenb.) P.F.Hunt et Summer.; Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz; Hammarbya paludosa (L.) O.Kuntze); Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.; Scheuchzeria palustris L. 26 species are from the List of plant species which need the special protection in the territory of the Kharkiv region. One species is endemic (Rorippa brachycarpa (C.A.Mey) Hayek), one species is the tertiary relic (Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl.). Five species of wetlands places flora (Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M.Bateman; Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase; Dactylorchiza fuchsii (Druce) Soo; Dactylorchiza majalis (Reichenb.) P.F.Hunt et Summer.; Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.) are listed in the CITES; three species (Dactylorchiza incarnata (L.) Soo; Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz.; Hammarbya paludosa (L.) O.Kuntze) are listed in the CITES Appendix ІІ. Two species (Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl., Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.) are listed in the Annex I of the Berne Convention. Communities of Glycerieta arundinaceae are listed in the Green Book of Ukraine. Six associations and formations are rare plant communities of the Green list of the Kharkiv region. It has been established that in total under the protection are 41 species of vascular plants of wetlands places flora that is 18.2% of the total number of species attributed to this ecological group, or 3.2% of the total Kharkiv region flora.

Rare phytobiota of protected areas of Dergachiv and Zolochiv districts of Kharkiv region

The study of the phytobiota of the Dergachiv and Zolochiv districts of the Kharkiv region has proved that there are 15 protected areas and 3 perspective territories for building reserves, which are characterized by significant cenotic and floristic diversity. These are meadow, real and shrub steppes; hollows of oak; real and swampy meadows; coastal water and aquatic vegetation, where 4 rare for Ukrainian vegetative groups (Nymphaeeta albae, Nuphareta luteae, Stipeta capillatae, Stipeta pennatae) and 41 species of plants are protected: 10 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (RBU): Adonis vernalis L., Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W.Chase, Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soo s.l., D. maculata (L.) Soo s.l., D. majalis (Reichenb.) P.F.Hunt et Summerhayes s.l., Iris furcate M.Bieb., Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. s.l., Stipa capillata L., S. pennata L., Tulipa quercetorum Klokov et Zoz, and 31 species from the Red List of Kharkiv area (RLK): Actaea spicata L., Aconitum lasiostomum Rchb., Clematis integrifolia L., Gentiana cruciata L., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Thalictrum lucidum L. etc. For each of the surveyed areas lists of rare species and plant groups are given. Phytososological analysis shows the degree of representativeness of the rare phytobiota of the investigated areas and the almost direct correlation between the area of the protected area and the quantitative indices of phytodiversity. The greatest degree of rare phytodiversity has been revealed on the territory of the planned Rogozian landscape reserve of about 2 thousand hectares (4 groups from the Green Book of Ukraine (GBU), 7 species from the RBU, 16 from the RLK); somewhat less in the planned hydrological reserve "Snigivsky" (2 groups from GBU, 1 species from the RBU, 6 from the RLK), in the regional landscape park "Vilkhova balka" (2 species from the RBU, 7 from the RLK), in the “Lychane” botanical reserve (1 group from GBU, 2 species from RBU, 2 from RLK) and in the entomological reserve "Udiansky" (6 species from RLK). In other territories, there are no more than three rare species of plants.

MONITORING POPULATION ORHIDACEAE RARELY PLANTS COMMUNITY THE SUBURBS V. SEMIPOLKY

It is analyzed the population dynamics, vitality and age structure of populations of individuals of 4 rare plants of Orshidaceae family – Anacamptis palustris (Jacg.) R.M. Bateman, Dactylorhiza maculate (L.) Soό, Dactulorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. Ex Reichenb.) Soό, Dactylorhiza incarnate (L). Soό in the article. The population age structure monitoring found that the most stable is the population of Anacamptis palustris species (loss of strength 20.5 %, the population is in a mature state of 2012.), the most volatile one is Dactylorhiza maculata (loss of strength 44.6 %, permanent change of age structure). The effects of natural abiotic factors (temperature, rainfall) did not significantly affect to the population structure, while the effects of anthropogenic factors led to population depression. In population of Dactulorhiza traunsteineri and Dactylorhiza maculata it is observed the prevalence of low vitality class individuals', which indicates the presence of population adaptive potential. The primary condition for the preservation of population of Orchidaceae family is the creation of optimal conditions for their growth, the reduction of the anthropogenic load and provision to the studied areas the reservation status.