scholarly journals MONITORING POPULATION ORHIDACEAE RARELY PLANTS COMMUNITY THE SUBURBS V. SEMIPOLKY

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
V. Korchevska ◽  
O. Voytsekhivska
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Structure Monitoring ◽  
Anacamptis Palustris ◽  
Loss Of Strength

It is analyzed the population dynamics, vitality and age structure of populations of individuals of 4 rare plants of Orshidaceae family – Anacamptis palustris (Jacg.) R.M. Bateman, Dactylorhiza maculate (L.) Soό, Dactulorhiza traunsteineri (Saut. Ex Reichenb.) Soό, Dactylorhiza incarnate (L). Soό in the article. The population age structure monitoring found that the most stable is the population of Anacamptis palustris species (loss of strength 20.5 %, the population is in a mature state of 2012.), the most volatile one is Dactylorhiza maculata (loss of strength 44.6 %, permanent change of age structure). The effects of natural abiotic factors (temperature, rainfall) did not significantly affect to the population structure, while the effects of anthropogenic factors led to population depression. In population of Dactulorhiza traunsteineri and Dactylorhiza maculata it is observed the prevalence of low vitality class individuals', which indicates the presence of population adaptive potential. The primary condition for the preservation of population of Orchidaceae family is the creation of optimal conditions for their growth, the reduction of the anthropogenic load and provision to the studied areas the reservation status.

Determination of the optimal conditions for mutagenesis induction in a commercial Arabica coffee variety.

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-337
Author(s):  
Andrés Gatica-Arias ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez-Matamoros ◽  
Ana Abdelnour-Esquivel ◽  
Marta Valdez-Melara
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis

Abstract Low genetic diversity and autogamous reproduction limit genetic improvement of Coffea arabica L. As a consequence, susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses increases. Induced mutagenesis is an alternative strategy for increasing genetic variability and for the development of varieties tolerant or resistant to biotic and abiotic factors. In the present study, the effect of three mutagenic agents (NaN3, EMS and 60Co gamma-rays) on survival of Arabica coffee zygotic embryos was evaluated. The zygotic embryos were immersed for 10 min in a solution of NaN3 (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0 and 20.0 mM) or for 2 h in a solution of EMS (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 and 6% v/v) or irradiated with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 Gy. As the concentration or dose of the applied mutagen increased, survival decreased. The LD50 values for sodium azide, EMS and 60Co were 12.5 mM (51.6%), 1% v/v (48.3%) and 40 Gy (50.0%), respectively. Our results indicated that coffee zygotic embryos are suitable for chemical and physical mutagenesis and this offers an alternative for the genetic improvement of agriculturally important traits in coffee.

Modern Methods of Rapid Assessment of the Ecological Status of Marine Areas In Situ with Vertical Sounding

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Lyamina ◽  
M. Kosovskaya ◽  
A. Lyamin ◽  
S. Kosovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

The study of marine ecosystems’ spatial structuring, interaction of these ecosystems’ various components and investigation of their heterogeneity formation mechanisms are among the most important problems of modern hydro ecology. Bioluminescence as manifestation of an organism vital activity in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum is the most important ecological and optical factor of the marine environment. The impact of biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors can significantly change the characteristics of aquatic organisms’ light emission. It is of immediate interest to assess the marine ecosystems’ current state on bioluminescence field’s parameters variability, as it can serve as a sensitive indicator for the degree of plankton organisms’ resistance to the effect of pollutants, and as an express indicator for marine environment’s local and regional pollution. Has been demonstrated the possibility of using the modern probing hydro-biological complex «Salpa-MA» with computer processing of the measured information for the rapid assessment of coastal waters’ ecological condition. This complex allows in a short time in marine environment to obtain synchronous integrated assessments of biotic and abiotic factors, and using laboratory processing of obtained data to reveal marine organisms’ functional linkages with environmental factors, and identify the features of these organisms development.

scholarly journals The limiting factors for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia Shreber, 1776) on the territory of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Kuksin
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Disturbance Factor ◽  
Cattle Breeders

The paper presents the influence of limiting factors for the population of the snow leopard on the territory of Tuva (Republic of Tuva, Russia). It describes biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors to irbis. The author examines the role and degree of each factor of this influence. The paper represents literature sources and the authors field research work data for the period 20012019. The study was carried out on the territory of the Chikhacheva, Tsagan-Shibetu, Shapshalskiy Ranges and Sangilen Highlands, that are permanent habitats for the snow leopard. On the studied territories the anthropogenic influence such as hunting, extension of highways, cattle farms and the number of livestock increases in the high mountain ecosystems. All this leads to an increase of disturbance factor, a displacement from traditional habitats of wild animals, especially the irbis food items, so it is forcing the snow leopard to rely more on livestock for food. As a result the cattle breeders sometimes kill snow leopards in retaliation for attacking their livestock. The paper demonstrates data of all known incidents of the snow leopard death and finds of cadavers within the studied region which shows that 74% of all incidents are the fault of people for destroying this rare animal. So it proves that the anthropogenic factor plays a leading role in the death of snow leopard among others. Keywords: irbis; snow leopard; ecology; Tuva; Republic of Tuva; limiting factors; biotic factors; abiotic factors; anthropogenic factors; disturbance factor; causes of death of irbis; diseases of irbis; competitors of irbis; snow leopard attacks on livestock.

scholarly journals Macrozoobenthic community structure in subtidal soft-bottom area along the coast of Lembeh Island -North Sulawesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ruddy D. Moningkey ◽  
Lawrence J. L. Lumingas ◽  
Unstain N. W. J. Rembet
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Soft Bottom ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Macrozoobenthic Community

The present paper describes the soft-bottom macrozoobenthic community structure inhabiting Lembeh Island’s waters (North Sulawesi). Material for the study was collected from 5 stations in October 2013 using a La Motte grab (600 cm2) and subsequently sieved through a 1 mm square mesh sieve. A total of 1147 individuals belonging to 78 species (taxa) of macrozoobenthos  and representative of higher taxonomic groups belonging to 12 phyla were recorded and identified. Univariate analysis showed low abundance of individuals and number of species in the Pintu Kota station which has a black sludge of sediment but Shannon index values at this station is the highest. Instead Motto station relatively far from anthropogenic disturbance showed a high abundance of individuals and number of species but Shannon  index values at this station is the lowest. The station is dominated by Tanais sp at a density of 9533 individuals m-2. Shannon index is less sensitive to measure the effect of anthropogenic disturbances compared with the abundance of individuals and number of species. The multivariate analysis (Cluster Analysis and Correspondence Analysis) managed to separate the three groups (essemblage) makrozoobethos: Group A (Posokan), Group B (Motto) and Group C (Pancoran, Mawali and Pintu Kota). Abiotic factors such as granulometri, physicochemical, hydrodynamics and anthropogenic factors believed to be the factors controlling the formation of the ecological group.Keywords: macrozoobenthos, anthropogenic impact, multivariate analysis, Lembeh Island.   ABSTRAKTulisan ini menggambarkan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos substrat lunak yang menghuni perairan Pulau Lembeh (Sulawesi Utara). Materi untuk studi ini dikumpulkan dari 5 stasiun pada Oktober 2013 dengan menggunakan grab La Motte (600 cm2) dan kemudian disaring dengan saringan berukuran 1 mm persegi mata saringan. Sebanyak 1147 individu yang termasuk dalam 78 spesies (taksa) makrozoobentos dan mewakili 12 fila atau grup taksonomi telah dicatat dan diidentifikasi. Analisis univariat menunjukkan rendahnya kelimpahan individu dan jumlah spesies di stasiun Pintu Kota yang memiliki sedimen lumpur berwarna hitam tetapi nilai indeks Shannon di stasiun ini adalah yang tertinggi. Sebaliknya di stasiun Motto yang relatif jauh dari gangguan antropogenik menunjukkan tingginya kelimpahan individu dan jumlah spesies tetapi nilai indeks Shannonnya adalah yang terendah. Stasiun ini didominasi oleh Tanais sp dengan kepadatan 9533 individual m-2. Indeks Shannon kurang peka mengukur pengaruh gangguan antropogenik dibandingkan dengan nilai kelimpahan individual dan jumlah spesies. Analisis multivariat (Analysis Kluster dan Analisis Korespondensi) berhasil memisahkan 3 grup (essemblage) makrozoobetos: Grup A (Posokan), Grup B (Motto) dan Grup C (Pancoran, Mawali dan Pintu Kota). Faktor abiotik seperti granulometri, hidrodinamika dan fisika-kimia perairan serta faktor antropogenik diduga merupakan faktor-faktor pengendali pembentukan grup ekologis tersebut.Kata kunci: makrozoobentos, dampak antropogenik, analisis multivariat, Pulau Lembeh.  

scholarly journals Modelling of rare plant species diversity changes by anthropogenic factors in meadow steppes of the Southern Opillya

2017 ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Dmytrash-Vatseba I.
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Plant Richness ◽  
Negative Factors

Nowadays, area decrease and pastoral digression enhance are determinative factors for the extinction of rare plants populations. Making their cumulative impact on rare fraction of meadow steppes, these negative factors govern 74.4 % of habitats richness in the Southern Opillya. Two models were built to demonstrate the process of rare species number reduction under stress of the negative factors. Model I (regression model) displays a graduate ten times reduction in rare plant diversity rate with increasing of the factors intensity. Model II was developed based on generalized dataset of rare species number in habitats. It reveals an abrupt reduction of rare plant richness at the very beginning of habitat degradation, also at the last stages of this process. A species composition of rare fraction of flora for meadow steppes at different degradation level is presented.

scholarly journals The long-term variability of the age structure of cenopopulations of fucus bubble (Fucus vesiculosus L.) within the litoral of the Kola Bay under anthropogenic influence

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
O. V. Kanishcheva ◽  
A. A. Kanishchev ◽  
E. V. Shoshina
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, in order to assess the quality of water, hydrobiological indicators, in particular various biological characteristics of macroalgae, are widely used along with hydrochemical parameters. Brown alga Fucus vesiculosus due to its ecological plasticity and tolerance to a complex of natural and anthropogenic factors can serve as a model object when studying adaptive reactions of phytocenoses to adverse environmental conditions. The material for the work is the collections of algae during 1999, 2009 and 2019 years within the southern and middle tribes of the Kola Bay. The variability of the age structure of the Fucus vesiculosus on the littoral bay under anthropogenic press in different years has been considered in this work; moreover the environmental assessment of water quality has been also undertaken. Reference data have shown that the waters of the bay contained a wide range of pollutants, due to this an elevated concentrations of oil hydrocarbons and a number of metals have been observed for a long period. A study of the age structure of F. vesiculosus has shown that a long age series have been observed in the littoral cenopopulations of this species, plants of various age groups are presented, while the communities is based on young plants aged from 1 to 3 years. It has been found that the number of individuals of older age groups naturally decreases with increasing age. During the observing period, an increase in algae biomass and a subsequent decrease in its growth have been observed. The presented materials testify the stability of the brown alga F. vesiculosus under conditions of intensive industrial exploitation of the waters of the Kola Bay.

scholarly journals Management Options for Ixodes ricinus-Associated Pathogens: A Review of Prevention Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Černý ◽  
Geoffrey Lynn ◽  
Johana Hrnková ◽  
Maryna Golovchenko ◽  
Natalia Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Tick Activity ◽  
The Usa

Ticks are important human and animal parasites and vectors of many infectious disease agents. Control of tick activity is an effective tool to reduce the risk of contracting tick-transmitted diseases. The castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) is the most common tick species in Europe. It is also a vector of the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, which are two of the most important arthropod-borne diseases in Europe. In recent years, increases in tick activity and incidence of tick-borne diseases have been observed in many European countries. These increases are linked to many ecological and anthropogenic factors such as landscape management, climate change, animal migration, and increased popularity of outdoor activities or changes in land usage. Tick activity is driven by many biotic and abiotic factors, some of which can be effectively managed to decrease risk of tick bites. In the USA, recommendations for landscape management, tick host control, and tick chemical control are well-defined for the applied purpose of reducing tick presence on private property. In Europe, where fewer studies have assessed tick management strategies, the similarity in ecological factors influencing vector presence suggests that approaches that work in USA may also be applicable. In this article we review key factors driving the tick exposure risk in Europe to select those most conducive to management for decreased tick-associated risk.

Variations inter-populations de la structure d'âge et de la croissance du Prosobranche Bithynia tentaculata L.

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vincent ◽  
C. Létourneau
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Velocity Water ◽  
St Lawrence River

The main variations in age structure and growth of different generations were studied in 25 populations of the prosobranch Bithynia tentaculata in the St. Lawrence River (Québec). The general unbalanced age structures of the populations reflect a low recruitment encountered during an odd year because of a general disturbance in the environment. The age structure is correlated to temperature, sediments, and current velocity. Water chemistry is largely responsible for the spatial variations in lengths of the adults, but these variations do not seem to influence the age at sexual maturity. Population densities may be regulated by an increase in the growth rate of young which would reduce the age at sexual maturity in populations with low densities; this mechanism would, however, be of little use to compensate a sudden decrease in density or an unbalanced age structure in a population. These results and those of previous studies on this species reveal the important role played by abiotic factors in regulating the spatio-temporal variations of the demographic profile of this prosobranch which possesses a high phenotypic plasticity.[Journal translation]

scholarly journals Bio-ecological features of some rare plants fruits in the Samara Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Mariya Gennadevna Kotelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The Difference

The paper presents some preliminary results of the monitoring of Fritillaria meleagroides Partin ex Schult. et Schult. fil. and Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. et Schult. fil. plants (category of rare and endangered plant species). The results of the field study fulfilled in 2012-2016 in two population groups of quarter 80 and cenopopulation of quarter 69 in the Krasnosamarsky forestry (Samara Region) were used to determine morphometric parameters of plant species. The data also helped us to assess the variability level and to make a comparison with plant quantitative traits given in the literature. It has been found that the sample indicators fit into the range of values specified in literature sources, with a significant proportion of large fruit 2,0-3,0 cm in length. The dynamics of the fruit size of Fritillaria meleagroides Partin ex Schult. et Schult. fil. and Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. et Schult. fil. plants in population groups of quarter 80, as a whole, has general patterns in the difference during some seasons of vegetation. Prevailing values of fruit length of plants in cenopopulations of quarter 69 changed slightly according to year of vegetation, these populations are more resistant and numerous comparing with the populations of quarter 80. As for variability of signs, the values of fruit length and width coefficients of variation does not exceed 25% for Fritillaria meleagroides Partin ex Schult. et Schult. fil. plants and 20% for Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult. et Schult. fil. plants which is optimal for this type of indicators and is consistent with the bioecological specificity of fruit plant. The conditions of ecosystems in 69 and 80 quarters of Krasnosamarsky forestry are favorable for the vegetation of two species plants, the successful preservation and restoration in natural communities can be in the absence of anthropogenic factors limits.

scholarly journals ТЕХНОГЕНЕЗ И СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РЕАКЦИИ ДРЕВЕСНЫХ ВИДОВ: ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ, АДАПТАЦИИ, СТРАТЕГИИ. ЧАСТЬ 2. ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Р.В. Уразгильдин ◽  
А.Ю. Кулагин
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Hierarchical Levels

The present publication is the first of four reviews of reports that have been published over the last 20 years to address the responses of arboreal plants at different hierarchical levels of their organization to anthropogenic factors. The publication covers the effects of different kinds of industrial pollution on macro- and micromorphology of broad and acerose leaves. The specific and nonspecific responses of arboreal plants to the same factor or to different factors, including smokes and toxicants, are differentiated. The adaptive responses within a single leaf or needle may be relatively independent from each other despite the integrity of these plant organs. The causes of such diverse reactions, which ensure the adaptive potential of plants, are discussed with account for the multiplicity of biological functions required for maintaining plant tolerance to anthropogenic impacts.

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