scholarly journals Semantic Analysis of Using X-Phemistic Expressions in Saudi Health Minister Speeches during Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Ghada Alsulami
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Minister ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Specific Theme ◽  
Health Organization

On March 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declares Covid-19 disease as global pandemic. Accordingly, the style of linguistic or verbal communication between governments and nations has been highly affected. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate resources where X-phemistic expressions come as characteristics of the speeches of Saudi Health Minister during Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, it examines how Warren's euphemistic strategies (1992) have appeared in the minister’s speeches. The collected data are the eight speeches delivered by Saudi Minister of Health during Covid-19 pandemic. They are analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis (TA) approach. The results show that Saudi Health Minister manages to deliver the massages about Covid-19 crisis through applying variety of linguistic devices which sound to be euphemistic, dysphemistic, and orthophemistic representations of the pandemic. The employment of each X-phemisms choice is mainly occurred within certain thematic fields. Euphemism is used in presenting unpleasant massages, naming the health crisis, and comforting the public. Dysphemism is applied in one specific theme of describing the virus. Orthophemisms is found in themes of declaring facts about the pandemic, warning the public, and requesting to follow instructions. It is also found that implication, reversal, particularization, metonymy, and metaphors are the most frequently used euphemistic strategies among Warren model (1992). This analysis contributes to the limited examination of pandemic discourse by understanding how X-phemistic expressions and euphemistic strategies are used by Arabic speakers during international crises like Covid-19.

Effectiveness of a Lockdown Policy During a Global Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung Chin Shih
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Input Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Simultaneous Loss ◽  
Health Organization

Background: In 2019, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 (Coronavirus 2019) a pandemic, many of the public managers faced tough situations in their cities due to the simultaneous loss of lives and jobs. In this regard, this study aims to propose a concise model that considers variables like the number of deaths, lethality of the virus, number of jobs and taxes collected by city halls, among others. Our study considers these issues in providing a relevant response and consistent answer to deliberations on the way forward. Method: Mathematical modeling was used to analyze the interaction between the agents involved and computer simulation was chosen to collect results. Results: - Changing the lockdown level (fixed and variable), the results of number of death per week, total number of unemployed, cost of companies and so on are shown. - The results show that for the input data considered, the 0% lockdown (LD) policy is more effective for the economy and tax collection and also succeeds in repressing the effects on the number of deaths. Because of it, the comparison between with pandemic and without pandemic is provided (in percentage). Conclusion: This study shows that implementing the lockdown did not bring expected benefits, because instead of reducing the number of deaths due to the COVID-19, individuals tend to die more from other causes.

scholarly journals Price Gouging During a Pandemic: The Federal Government’s Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Marissa Rydzewski
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
World Health ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fraudulent Activity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Price Gouging

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Two days later, the US president declared a state of emergency in Proclamation No. 9994. One of the many problems that arise with a public health crisis is the shortage of essential medical supplies like ventilators, masks, and hand sanitizer. When these items become scarce, some businesses or entrepreneurs try to inflate their prices to make a higher profit when they know they can still sell these necessary items. These high costs on goods during disasters or emergencies can seem unfair and make it difficult for those who need them able to afford them. During these stressful times, it’s important for Americans to recognize and report price gouging when they suspect fraudulent activity when purchasing items. Where do people find the authority on anti-price gouging laws? Typically, it is each state’s responsibility, however, in times of crisis, the federal government could also do what is necessary to protect the public interests. This paper will assist people in understanding what price gouging is, how to recognize when price gouging is occurring, and how to report it. Additionally, this paper will address what responsibility the federal government has to protect Americans from price gouging schemes in times of crisis and what it is currently implementing to prevent these fraudulent actions.

scholarly journals Modeling the COVID-19 outbreaks and the effectiveness of the containment measures adopted across countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward De Brouwer ◽  
Daniele Raimondi ◽  
Yves Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak, originally started in China, a global pandemic. Since then, the outbreak has indeed spread across all continents, threatening the public health of numerous countries. Although the Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of COVID-19 is relatively low when optimal level of healthcare is granted to the patients, the high percentage of severe cases developing severe pneumonia and thus requiring respiratory support is worryingly high, and could lead to a rapid saturation of Intensive Care Units (ICUs). To overcome this risk, most countries enacted COVID-19 containment measures. In this study, we use a Bayesian SEIR epidemiological model to perform a parametric regression over the COVID-19 outbreaks data in China, Italy, Belgium, and Spain, and estimate the effect of the containment measures on the basic reproduction ratio R0.We find that the effect of these measures is detectable, but tends to be gradual, and that a progressive strengthening of these measures usually reduces the R0 below 1, granting a decay of the outbreak. We also discuss the biases and inconsistencies present in the publicly available data on COVID-19 cases, providing an estimate for the actual number of cases in Italy on March 12, 2020. Lastly, despite the data and model’s limitations, we argue that the idea of “flattening the curve” to reach herd immunity is likely to be unfeasible.

COVID-19 INFODEMIC IN INDIA: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
Rakesh Anbazhagan ◽  
Srinivas Govindarajulu ◽  
Sudha Seshayyan
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Fake News ◽  
False Information ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Day By Day

At this pandemic situation where the global response to ght the COVID-19 pandemic through the cooperation of the general public, the negative shade of internet connectivity has been revealed, with the overload of misinformation which is being spread about the virus and management of outbreak are increasing day by day, may pose a greater risk to public health. These widespread of misinformation, rumours and fake news is termed as Infodemic by the WHO (World Health Organization), these massive content of misinformation makes it difcult for people to obtain the information from the trustworthy sources. With hope hanging on the vaccine, the scepticism and false information being rapidly developing towards it, would cause another health crisis. Getting correct and accurate information via reliable sources, especially the information which is provided by the ofcial institutions and organs of governments could help in decreasing the apprehension among the public. With this insight the paper aims to review about the infodemic, its implication and hindrances to combat Covid-19 in India.

scholarly journals Genomic surveillance of a resurgence of COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou-Bin Zhang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Hong-Jie Liu ◽  
Jia-Yong Zhong ◽  
Yingfeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract In the middle of March, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection a global pandemic. While China experienced a dramatic decline in daily growth rate of COVID-19, multiple importations of new cases from other countries and their related local infections caused a rapid rise. Between March 12 and April 15, we collected nasopharyngeal samples from 109 imported cases from 25 countries and 69 local cases in Guangzhou, China. In order to characterize the transmission patterns and genetic evolution of this virus among different populations, we sequenced the genome of SARS-CoV-2. The imported viral strains were assigned to lineages distributed in Europe (33.0%), America (17.4%), Africa (25.7%), or Southeast/West Asia (23.9%). Importantly, 10 imported cases from Africa formed two novel sub-lineages not identified in global tree previously. A detailed analysis showed that the imported viral strains from Philippines and Pakistan were closely related and within the same sub-lineage, whereas Ethiopia had varied lineages in the African phylogenetic tree. In spite of the diversity of imported SARS-CoV-2, 60 of 69 local infections could be traced back to two specific small lineages imported from Africa. A combined genetic and epidemiological analysis revealed a high-resolution transmission network of the imported SARS-CoV-2 in local communities, which might help inform the public health response and genomic surveillance in other cities and regions. Finally, we observed in-frame deletions on seven loci of SARS-CoV-2 genome, some of which were intra-host mutations, and they exhibited no enrichment on the S protein. Our findings provide new insight into the viral phylodynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and beta coronavirus.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Emdat Suprayitno ◽  
Sylvina Rahmawati ◽  
Adivtian Ragayasa ◽  
Muchti Yuda Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Questionnaire Research ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Analytic Design

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the 2019 Coronavirus (Covid-19) a global pandemic. This virus is easily transmitted, so it requires knowledge and a good attitude in efforts to prevent transmission. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of COVID-19 prevention in the community in Murtajih Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency.  This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional non-analytic design. This research uses descriptive analysis with a questionnaire research instrument. The sample of this research is part of the community in the hamlet of East Solo and North Solo, Murtajih Village, Pademawu District, as many as 62 people with a total sampling technique. The results showed that the level of public knowledge in preventing covid-19 in Murtajih Village, Pademawu sub-district was mostly good, as many as 32 people, 51.6%, while the public attitude in preventing Covid-19 in Murtajih Village, Pademawu sub-district was mostly positive as many as 53 people 85, 5%. The results of this study indicate that most of the knowledge of the community in the village of Murtajih, Pademawu district is mostly good and the attitudes are mostly positive. It is hoped that the community will take precautionary measures to prevent transmission of COVID-19 by washing their hands and wearing masks.  

When “Corona” Goes Viral – Online Search Interests in Google for Coronavirus versus Its Incidence in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States: An Infodemiological Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ahmadvand ◽  
Ayda S. Forough ◽  
Lisa Nissen
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Search Patterns ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

BACKGROUND The public health crisis, due to the new Coronavirus found in December 2019, has received unprecedented attention from the public and the media. The infodemiological analysis of queries from search engines to assess the status of search interests and the actual burden of the new virus could be an informative approach. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess search query data from Google Trends, to visualize the interest in search over time for the new “Coronavirus” in Google, across four English-speaking countries, namely, Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA, and compare the search interest with the actual burden of Coronavirus in the corresponding countries. METHODS We used Google Trends service to assess people’s interest in searching about “Coronavirus” classified as “Virus,” from January 1, 2020 to March 13, 2020 in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. Then, we evaluated top regions and their relative search volumes (SVs) and country-specific “Top” and “Rising” searches. We also evaluated the trends in the incidence of detected Coronavirus infections to find possible differences between the actual burden of the disease and search patterns by the public. RESULTS From January 1, 2020 to March 13, 2020, Australia was the top country searching for Coronavirus in Google, followed by Canada, the UK, and the USA. There was a noticeable bimodal pattern in searching for Coronavirus, mostly in late January 2020, and then from early March 2020. Search interest in all four countries declined in the month of February 2020. Top regions in each of the four countries with the highest search interest where the ones which reported either a confirmed case of Coronavirus infection or a death due to it. None of the declarations by the World Health Organization of the nature of this pandemic appeared to have caused major changes in the search patterns in Google. CONCLUSIONS Search for ‘Coronavirus’ increased exponentially, in all four countries, mostly in Australia. The month of February 2020 could be considered a ‘lost opportunity’ in terms of acting on the momentum of searching by people on Google about the Coronavirus. The increased interest in searching for keywords related to Coronavirus and its symptoms shows the possible focus areas of awareness campaigns in increasing societal demand for health information on the Web, to be met in community-wide communication or awareness interventions, should another pandemic occur in the future. 

scholarly journals The WHO Health Alert: Communicating a Global Pandemic with WhatsApp

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Josephine Walwema
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Local Agencies

Upon declaring COVID-19 a global pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) orchestrated a global risk-communication outreach. The WHO’s objective was to persuade the public to upend and alter their lives so as to contain the disease and minimize its spread and infection. The WHO found a simple and efficient medium to communicate glocally through the social media application WhatsApp, through which individuals could access information without gatekeeping by governments and local agencies.

scholarly journals A Study On Public Awareness Towards Covid-19 Secure Policy With Special Reference To Coimbatore City

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
Dr.G. Indrani ◽  
◽  
Dr. R.S. Kanimozhi ◽  
Dr.L. Nithya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which is a respiratory pathogen..Coronavirus disease, scientifically reclassified as COVID-19, has assumed global pandemic proportions. World attained a pandemic status declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. The spread of the virus at a fast rate compared to previous pandemics has resulted in a total lockdown of nations, ban on travels, public gatherings and closure of offices. In most instances, the insurance industry and governments all over the world have become the beacons of hope to which people look for rescue from total annihilation. Due to the sudden emergence of the novel corona virus as a worldwide pandemic, the perception of the importance of health and life insurance is higher than before. Thus the present study is conducted to know the public awareness and their influencing factors towards covid-19 secure policy with special reference to Coimbatore city. The study also assess the perception and the various factors which acts as a barrier to ultimately obstruct the subscription of covid-19 health insurance.

scholarly journals Drugs repurposing for COVID-19: phase III clinical trial evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woro Rukmi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Clinical Trial Evaluation

World Health Organization (WHO) has announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic which is the largest public health crisis in this century. The spread of COVID-19 is still not well-controlled even become global health threat. As new disease, the specific drugs for COVID-19 have not been available, yet. Face of this condition, repurposing existing drugs become the best options in order to meet the urgently need of the effective drugs. In this article, the clinical trial results of some drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 included hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, oseltamivir, favipiravir, and corticosteroids were reviewed. Hydroxychloroquine, choloquine and lopinavir/ritonavir were shown to be ineffective. Therefore, they were excluded from the list of drugs for the tratment of COVID-19 by WHO and the National Agency of Drug and Food Control of Republic of Indonesia (NCDE NA-DFC RI). Furthermore, NA-DFC RI has issued an emergency use authorization (EUA) for the use of remdesivir and favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19.

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