scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Different Fuels in the Production of La2NiO4 Particles using A Sol-Gel Combustion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
◽  
Dea Bella Dewary Atika Putri ◽  
Yayan Sunarya ◽  
Jarot Raharjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Gel Combustion

Lanthanum nickelate (La2NiO4) is a precursor for producing lanthanum pentanickel (LaNi5) alloys for nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH; a type of rechargeable battery), which has been developed quite rapidly for many applications, such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the production of La2NiO4 with different fuels (i.e., glycine fuel (F-G) and citric acid fuel (F-CA)) using a sol-gel combustion method. Several economic evaluation parameters were analyzed, such as gross profit margin, internal rate of return, payback period, cumulative net present value, and so on. The project was evaluated from the ideal condition to the worst-case conditions, including labor, sales, raw material, utility, as well as external conditions (e.g., tax). The results showed that the production of La2NiO4 is prospective from engineering and economic perspectives. The engineering analysis for both production steps using F-G and F-CA is feasible, and the production can be done even in small-scale production using commercially available apparatus. The economic analysis showed that the process using F-CA is better than that using F-G. From this economic evaluation analysis, the project is profitable and the recovery of the investment is less than seven years for F-G and four years for F-CA. Although this project is feasible to run and profitable, it is not attractive to industrial investors due to the fewer values in some parameters. Thus, since this material is very important to reduce dependence on imports, additional further technologies for improving processes and support from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and government are important for maintaining this project.

scholarly journals Economic Perspective in the Production of Copper Nanowire using Amino Acids as Capping Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Puspa Sari Dewi ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Copper Nanowire

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic feasibility of making copper nanowire using amino acids as a capping agent. The evaluation was conducted from two perspectives, namely engineering analysis and economic evaluation using parameters such as gross profit margin, payback period, breakeven points, and net present value. An economic evaluation was also carried out comparing the use of amino acids Glycine, Lysine, Proline, and Alanine to find out which amino acids were more profitable in the production of copper nanowire. Furthermore, the evaluation is done by estimating the ideal situation and several other state assumptions such as changes in raw material prices, labor costs, and also income tax. From the results of this study, Glycine is known as the most profitable amino acid to be used in this process. In addition, by using Glycine as an ideal condition, based on the results of the evaluation of all parameters, this project is classified as prospective to do. Although further studies must be carried out to develop this project, this study can be the basis for developing new methods of making copper nanowire on a large scale.

scholarly journals Engineering and Economic Evaluation of Production of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Asha E. Harman ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Parameter Values

Makalah ini bertujuan mengkaji kelayakan ekonomi produksi nanopartikel Fe3O4 dari skala laboratorium menjadi skala industri. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan 2 model studi kelayakan, yaitu: analisis teknik dan evaluasi ekonomi. Analisis teknik memberikan informasi potensi produksi berskala besar dan hasil proses ini dapat diterapkan menggunakan peralatan yang tersedia secara komersial dan murah. Evaluasi ekonomi dilakukan berdasar perbandingan grafik Cumulative Net Present Value pada keadaan ideal dan grafik pada saat dilakukan perubahan parameter (seperti perubahan nilai kurs dollar, kuantitas produk penjualan, dan besar nilai gaji karyawan). Dari hasil evaluasi, semua perubahan parameter memberikan nilai positif yang menunjukkan bahwa proyek ini layak dijalankan secara komersial dan dalam skala besar. Hal ini karena hasil evaluasi memberikan kestabilan indeks keuntungan pada beberapa perubahan nilai parameter. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa fabrikasi Fe3O4 dapat memberikan laba yang menjanjikan di negara berkembang dan dapat menarik investor asing untuk bekerja sama dalam fabrikasi Fe3O4.This paper aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of Fe3O4 nanoparticle production from a laboratory scale to an industrial scale feasibility. The evaluation was conducted using 2 models of feasibility studies, namely: technical analysis and economic evaluation. Technical analysis provides information on the potential for large-scale production and the results of this process can be applied using commercially available and inexpensive equipment. Economic evaluation is based on a comparison of the Cumulative Net Present Value graph in an ideal condition and the graph when parameters changing are made (such as changes in the dollar exchange rate, the quantity of sales products, and the value of employee salaries). From the evaluation results, all parameter changes give a positive value indicating that the project is feasible to run commercially and on a large scale. This is because the evaluation results provide a stable index of profit for some changes in parameter values. This study shows that Fe3O4 fabrication can provide promising profits in developing countries and can attract foreign investors to work together on Fe3O4 fabrication.

scholarly journals Preliminary Economic Study on the Production of ZnO Nanoparticles Using a Sol-Gel Synthesis Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Fikri Aziz Shalahuddin ◽  
Sera Serinda Almekahdinah ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

The economic evaluation is one of the key points in building chemical industries. This paper presented a preliminary economic evaluation of the large scale production of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the sol-gel method, which is very useful for helping decision whether the fabrication of this material profitable or not. Particularly, the study was done by changing the cost of raw material, which was compared to several economic parameters such as GPM, PBP, and CNPV. The result showed that the project was profitable by increasing raw material cost below 100% from the estimated raw material cost, informing the fact for the prospective fabrication for fulfilling the demand of ZnO nanoparticles.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF TWO TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTION OF A MYCOPESTICIDE IN MADAGASCAR

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Capital Intensive

AbstractThe net present value (NPV) approach to capital budgeting is used to determine the relative economic feasibility of two production models capable of manufacturing a fungi-based biopesticide in Madagascar. Sales revenues are projected at $10–12 per hectare for 20 000–80 000 ha annually, with recurrent costs estimated in Madagascar and investment costs from IITA (Cotonou, Benin) and Mycotech Corporation (Butte, Montana). These cash flows are discounted by an appropriate interest rate and risk factor, with positive results for both the labour-intensive model and the capital-intensive model under several scenarios. Cost advantages for the two models depend on both technology and scale. The labour-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 20 000 ha per annum as compared with the capital-intensive model. The capital-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 80 000 ha (including exports to southern Africa). Both models benefit from scale economies, although this benefit is relatively greater for the capital-intensive model. Consumers of mycopesticides in Madagascar could realize nearly 20% savings under a higher output scenario with a capital-intensive technology, than under a lower output scenario with a labour-intensive technology. Large-scale producers, however, would require nearly four times as much investment capital, and could find it difficult to produce for export from Madagascar. In the absence of a large-scale producer, small-scale production would be appropriate and feasible based on lower investment costs. Malagasy production is also protected from foreign competition because of current phytosanitary regulations.

Economic feasibility analysis of small-scale aquaculture of the endemic snail Pomacea patula catemacensis (Baker 1922) from southeast Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Mejía-Ramírez ◽  
Verónica Valadez Rocha ◽  
Carlos Iván Pérez-Rostro
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Base Scenario ◽  
The Impact

The snail Pomacea patula catemacensis is an endemic mollusk from the southeast Gulf of Mexico, which is commercially exploited and in decline since 2010. This decline is associated with an increasing market demand and illegal capture. We designed a small-scale production system for P. p. catemacensis and determined its financial feasibility for a base scenario. We used information gathered from stakeholders and stochastic modeling to predict the impact of uncertain variables on the economic indicators to assess the financial viability under varying conditions. The small-scale intensive production system, designed to yield 3.9 tons/year of unshelled product, requires an investment of about US $65,000. The production unit was financially assessed using the Modified Internal Return Rate and The Net Present Value of cash flow, considering a 14% discount rate and a 7% reinvestment rate. We obtained a Net Present Value of $67,000 and a Modified Internal Return Rate of 20% for the base scenario, which indicates the viability of the project. A Monte Carlo simulation was run to assess the robustness of the project to variability of three parameters: labor cost, energy cost, and market price; with random and simultaneous variation, resulting in 95% probability of getting a Modified Internal Return Rate larger than the current interest rate (8%) and a low probability (2.8%) to be financially unviable. This production system is worthy of consideration as an option to reduce the fishing pressure on the tegogolo natural populations of the Catemaco Lake while satisfying the market demand.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis and Economic Evaluation for Manufacturing Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles from Eggshell Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
T Annisa ◽  
◽  
A Azkiya ◽  
R N Fauzi ◽  
A B D Nandiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Eggshell Waste

The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic feasibility of manufacturing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from eggshell waste. The economic analysis perspective is carried out by calculating various economic parameters, namely gross profit margin (GPM), payback period (PBP), break event point (BEP), internal rate return (IRR), creating net present value (CNPV), return on investment ( ROI) and profitability index (PI). The results show that the production of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from eggshell waste is prospective. Technical analysis to produce 30,150 Kg of hydroxyapatite per year shows the total cost of equipment purchased is Rp. 230,580,000.00, and the total cost of raw materials is Rp. 890,235,720.00. The profit obtained from the sale of the product is Rp. 4,520,803,500.00/year. Within 20 years of the construction of this project, using eggshells as a raw material for production can reduce the accumulation of eggshell waste. This project can compete with PBP capital market standards due to the short return on investment of around 3 years. To ensure feasibility, the project is estimated from ideal to worst case conditions in production, including labor, sales, raw materials, utilities, as well as external conditions (taxes and subsidiaries). The benefits of this research are that it can provide information on the economic feasibility of manufacturing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on a large scale, and can optimize/develop projects for further investigation.

Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis for Corncob Particles Briquettes: A Literature Review of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste and Analysis Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Nissa Nur Azizah ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Scale Production

Corncob is usually disposed of directly as waste, creating problems in the environment, while it can be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to evaluate the literature review on briquette production from agricultural waste (using non-binder and cold press with a binder) and the current works on techno-economic analysis, to propose an optimal design for the production of briquette from corncob waste, and to perform a techno-economic analysis based on the selected optimal processing method. The engineering perspective based on stoichiometry and mass balance showed the potential corncob briquette manufacture in both home and large scales due to the possible use of inexpensive and commercially available equipment and raw materials. The economic perspective [based on several economic evaluation factors (i.e., gross profit margin, payback period, break-even point, cumulative net present value, return of investment, internal rate return, and profitability index) under ideal and non-ideal conditions by considering internal (i.e., sales, raw materials, utilities, and variable cost) and external aspects (i.e., tax)] confirmed the prospective development of the project in the large-scale production with a lifetime of more than 18 years. The main issue in the project is the raw material (i.e. tapioca flour), giving the most impact on the project’s feasibility. Even in severe conditions, the project is feasible. The great endurance was also confirmed in the case of a higher tax rate. This study demonstrates the importance of producing corncob-based briquettes for improving the economic value and giving alternatives for problem solvers in the utilization of agricultural waste.

Economic Analysis Model for Biopower Plants Based on Biomass Logistics Networks and its Application in Heilongjiang Province, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Jin Zhuo Wu ◽  
Li Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Business Taxes ◽  
Logistics Networks ◽  
Biomass Logistics ◽  
Biomass Availability

A mathematical model was developed to assess the economic feasibility of a biomass-based power plant in the Northeast of China. The objective of this model is to maximizes the net present value (NPV) of a biopower plant over its economic life, which subjects to the constraints of biomass availability, plant investment and operation & maintenance costs, plant capacity, transportation logistics, raw material and product pricing, financing, and business taxes. The model was applied in a biopower plant located in Wangkui County, China, which belongs to the National Bio-Energy Group Company Limited. Results showed that the maximum NPV of the Wangkui Biopower plant in the base case was approximately 117 million Yuan given the electricity sale price of 0.64 Yuan kWh-1 (or 0.75Yuan kWh-1 with tax). This study provides a reference for evaluating the economic feasibility of biopower plants based on biomass logistics networks in China.

scholarly journals A Novel 10 kW Vertical Axis Wind Tree Design: Economic Feasibility Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12720
Author(s):  
Duong Minh Ngoc ◽  
Kuaanan Techato ◽  
Le Duc Niem ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hai Yen ◽  
Nguyen Van Dat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity

A novel, small-scale vertical axis wind turbine tree was designed using turbines combining both Darrieus and Savonius blades. We tested for economic viability using wind data collected at a site in Surat Thani, Thailand. The Weibull distribution and Monte Carlo modeling with financial indices (Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Simple Payback Period (SPP)) were used to analyze data. We found that monthly mean wind speeds varied from 2.35 m/s in October to 2.84 m/s in February, corresponding to a wind power of 28.43 W/m2 and 42.68 W/m2. The average annual power output was 1446.1 kWh for May 2019 to April 2021. Results show that for turbine cut-in to cut-out speeds (2 m/s to 15 m/s), the prototype has potential economic feasibility (NPV > 0 for 64.93%), although the small capacity of the wind tree, in combination with the low average wind speed at the Surat Thani test site, showed a lack of economic viability at this specific location (NPV = USD − 20,946.29). A higher-wind-speed location (Chiang Mai) showed viability, especially at a 10 m height (NPV > 0 for 84.83%). We discuss potential conditions that would make broader use of the prototype feasible.

scholarly journals Techno-economic Analysis of Rooftop Photovoltaic System (RPVS) using Thin-Frameless Solar Panels for Household Customers in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (S) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Carolus Boromeus Rudationo ◽  
Bangun Novianto ◽  
Erkata Yandri ◽  
Herry Susanto ◽  
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Investment Cost

The availability of thin-frameless solar panels on the market today makes the installation of rooftop Photovoltaic (RPVS) systems more attractive. The purpose of this research is to analyze financially the use of thinframeless solar panels for on-grid RPVS by household electricity customers in Indonesia. The investment cost, the maintenance costs, and the electricity cost savings were involved for the financial analysis, such as Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Pay Back Period (PBP). The calculation is carried out for ideal conditions, the direction of a non-ideal rooftop and the yearly increase of electricity prices is 15 %. The analysis results show that the minimum available rooftop area is still sufficient for the rooftop area needs for solar panel placement, the thin solar panels are safer than standard solar panels, and savings on electricity payments for the return on investment of the RPVS is to be attractive with the IRR > 12 %. The average investment cost of the non-ideal condition is 8 % higher than the ideal condition. This study provides an overview to the policymakers and developers in exploiting the potential of RPVS, especially in Indonesia. For future research directions, this study needs to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of using hybrid smart-grid technology with batteries.

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