scholarly journals Study on the Erosion of Screen Pipe Caused by Sand-Laden Slurry

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualin Liao ◽  
◽  
Lin Dong ◽  
Jilei Niu ◽  
Peng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normal Production ◽  
Early Production

Screening is one of the main filtration and separation methods for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, and the problem of failure of sand control screen, encountered by some sand control wells in early production phase, gives rise to serious sand production in the shaft and influences normal production in the oilfield. In order to analyze the reason for screen failure in sand control wells and the detailed mechanism of the short service cycle of sand control screens, this paper proposes an experimental device, which can simulate sand screen erosion by the sand-laden slurry under underground working conditions and studies the influence of screen type, salinity, sand particle size, sandladen concentration, erosive angle, and other factors on the degree of erosion of screen filtering medium. Based upon experimental results, the current study establishes a model for predicting the service-life of sand control screens. The results showed that the jet velocity, sand-laden concentration, sand particle size, erosive angle, and other factors exhibited an obvious influence on the erosion of screen, while the salinity of formation water exerted an insignificant influence. Under the same conditions, different types of screens presented relatively significant differences in antierosion performance, whereas the anti-erosion performance of the stars screen was found to be superior to that of the metal mesh screen. The results provide some basis for selecting sand control methods, offering guidance about the production systems and predicting the service-life of screens.

From Wellbore Breakout to Sand Production Prediction: An Integrated Sand Control Completion Design Methodology and Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb DeValve ◽  
Gilbert Kao ◽  
Stephen Morgan ◽  
Shawn Wu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Sand Production ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Reservoir Development ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Sandstone Reservoir

Abstract Controlling downhole sand production is a well-known and often-studied issue within the oil and gas industry. The methods employed for sand management, and their ultimate cost, is greatly impacted by the amount of sand produced by the well. This paper presents an innovative, physics-based approach to predict sand production for various reservoir and completion types, explored through a case study of recent production wells in a sandstone reservoir development. Sand control may be executed through a variety of methods, for example at the reservoir-completion interface using a sand control completion, at topside facilities through sand monitoring / de-sanding equipment, or by using well operational limits to avoid downhole sand failure. Although different strategies exist for effective sand management, some capability to estimate sand production is needed to design a holistic sand management strategy. This paper presents a physics-based approach to predicting sand production on a well-by-well basis to inform the overall sand management design. The workflow integrates (1) geomechanical estimate of wellbore breakout and volume of failed sand downhole, (2) log-based prediction of the sand particle size variation along the well path, (3) modeling of sand filtration based on experimental and analytical methods for specific completion options (e.g. Open Hole Gravel Pack [OHGP] or Stand-Alone Screen [SAS]), and (4) a natural sand pack permeability prediction for SAS completions and associated well performance analysis. This paper describes the methods used in this work in more detail as well as the application to five wells in a recent sandstone reservoir development. The workflow can be described as follows: First, log-based predictions for geomechanical properties and sand Particle Size Distributions (PSDs) were generated for specific wellpaths, and the volume of failed reservoir sand and PSD characteristics were predicted along the entire wellbore length. Next, this analysis was combined with a novel filtration model to determine sand retention and production, specific to various completion types. Additionally, for a SAS completion, the PSD and volume of retained sand in the annulus was computed as the wellbore experience borehole breakout, combined with an analytical model to calculate the natural sand pack permeability and well performance. This workflow was initially applied to study five development well producers, and the results influenced a mixed design of OHGP and SAS completions for individual wells. Sand production was measured during recent well startup to validate the workflow, with excellent agreement observed between measured field data and the physics-based predictions. This innovative, physics-based approach and the associated case study demonstrate a significant advancement in the area of sand production prediction from hydrocarbon production wells. The current workflow is able to deliver improved sand prediction capabilities over rules of thumb or analog field performance, which can be used to better inform overall sand management strategies and associated business value.

Effects of Sand Particle Size and Gradation on Strength of Reactive Powder Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ji ◽  
Bao Chun Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou Zhuang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Zhi Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Reactive Powder Concrete ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reactive Powder

After modification, Toufar model was used to calculate the packing degrees of sand mixtures with different particle sizes. For four gradations of sands, the weight ratios of different types of sands with different size ranges, which achieve maximum packing degrees, have been obtained using the modified Toufar model. A strength test of reactive powder concretes (RPCs) with the four gradations of sands was reported. The test results show that the strength of RPC is related to both the maximum grain size and the packing degree of sand mixture. The smaller maximum grain size and larger packing degree of sand mixture can achieve the higher strength of RPC.

Design, Testing and Field Deployment of an Online Sand Sampling and Particle Size Analysis Package

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ambrose ◽  
Alex Mackie ◽  
John Yung Lee ◽  
Ovidiu Cristian Bibic ◽  
M. Shamir A. Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Sand Control

Abstract Particle Size Analysis (PSA) of formation or produced sand is an important process in oil and gas exploration and production. This information is required to design downhole sand control, surface sand monitoring and removal systems, and to predict erosion in completion and production systems. A major operator in Malaysia required PSA data as well but found it a challenge as their wells, located offshore in Field Z, contain high amounts of contaminants such as TENORM, Mercury and Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S). Manually collecting produced sand samples was deemed too hazardous to people and the asset thus a closed loop Online Sand Sampling and PSA package was developed and deployed offshore. Samples were taken directly off flowline sample points, flowed through an online PSA system and continued its flow path to a closed loop drain line. The system therefore collected liquid, gas, and sand samples without any need for manual handling thereby eliminating exposure of harmful substances to personnel. A field laptop, running propriety software, connected via ethernet cable to the PSA system continuously measure and record the size of sand particles as they flow through the said system. This allowed the offshore execution team to view and record particle size data in real time. Data collated was available for further analysis onshore because the file format of the PSA software allows play back to refine particle images captured during the sampling operation. This was completed for 32 wells with the majority of the sampling providing good clear particle size information. Results were re-run and analysed again onshore by a sand management technical team from both the operator and service provider. The results were comparable to lab analysed samples of commonly used Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA). Therefore this first of its kind method provides a novel way for operaters to sample sand and solids in hazardous and also non hazardous environments.

Responsive Production Systems and Roles that Robots can Play

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 275-292
Author(s):  
R.H. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Production System ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Useful Lifetime

With increased product dynamics world-wide, the average economic lifetime of production systems is falling. Industrial robots are widely assumed to be inherently flexible and therefore that they can function as a programmable building block of response production systems. This paper reviews common capabilities of contemporary industrial robotic systems and investigates their capability to extend the useful lifetime of production system by coping with different types of product dynamic. Also considered are relative capabilities of conventional programmable robots and an emerging generation of programmable and configurable component-based machines.

scholarly journals Early-Age Cracking in Concrete: Causes, Consequences, Remedial Measures, and Recommendations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
A. Kaish ◽  
Chin-Ong Woon ◽  
Sudharshan Raman
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Service Conditions

Cracking is a common problem in concrete structures in real-life service conditions. In fact, crack-free concrete structures are very rare to find in real world. Concrete can undergo early-age cracking depending on the mix composition, exposure environment, hydration rate, and curing conditions. Understanding the causes and consequences of cracking thoroughly is essential for selecting proper measures to resolve the early-age cracking problem in concrete. This paper will help to identify the major causes and consequences of the early-age cracking in concrete. Also, this paper will be useful to adopt effective remedial measures for reducing or eliminating the early-age cracking problem in concrete. Different types of early-age crack, the factors affecting the initiation and growth of early-age cracks, the causes of early-age cracking, and the modeling of early-age cracking are discussed in this paper. A number of examples for various early-age cracking problems of concrete found in different structural elements are also shown. Above all, some recommendations are given for minimizing the early-age cracking in concrete. It is hoped that the information conveyed in this paper will be beneficial to improve the service life of concrete structures. Concrete researchers and practitioners may benefit from the contents of this paper.

scholarly journals Quality of screen printing in knit fabric for different mesh count on semi solid design

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheda Begum Dina ◽  
Md Zulhash Uddin ◽  
UmmulKhair Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Screen Mesh

In semi solid design, the parameters of the quality of the printed fabric were color fastness, level of print detail, color difference, print coverage, saw-tooth effect, line sharpness etc. Actually, printed fabric quality was evaluated by these parameters. Again, print coverage, saw-tooth effect, line sharpness, etc. were examined by estimating different distances, angles etc. in printed fabric and these factors were compared with image positives. Mesh opening effect on the quality of screen printed fabric was investigated after printing the semi solid design on knit fabric using different mesh count screens and different types of the link. To print semi solid design on knit fabric different types of ink as well as non-identical mesh count was used. Then mesh screen out come on the design and form of printed fabric in screen printing was examined. For the evaluation of semi solid design effect there remains two different methods.The first one is visual assessment and another way is microscope observation. Here, to determine the probability of the amount of ink flowing by the screen, mesh opening area of every screen was considered and it was done from respective digital microscope images.

Experimental and CFD Investigations to Evaluate the Effects of Fluid Viscosity and Particle Size on Erosion Damage in Oil and Gas Production Equipment

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Okita ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi ◽  
Edmund F. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Particle Speed

Zhang et al (2006) utilized CFD to examine the validity of erosion models that have been implemented into CFD codes to predict solid particle erosion in air and water for Inconel 625. This work is an extension of Zhang’s work and is presented as a step toward obtaining a better understanding of the effects of fluid viscosity and sand particle size on measured and calculated erosion rates. The erosion rates of Aluminum 6061-T6 were measured for direct impingement conditions of a submerged jet. Fluid viscosities of 1, 10, 25, and 50 cP and sand particle sizes of 20, 150, and 300 μm were tested. The average fluid speed of the jet was maintained at 10 m/s. Erosion data show that erosion rates for the 20 and 150 μm particles are reduced as the viscosity is increased, while surprisingly the erosion rates for the 300 μm particles do not seem to change much for the higher viscosities. For all viscosities considered, larger particles produced higher erosion rates, for the same mass of sand, than smaller particles. Concurrently, an erosion equation has been generated based on erosion testing of the same material in air. The new erosion model has been compared to available models and has been implemented into a commercially available CFD code to predict erosion rates for a variety of flow conditions, flow geometries, and particle sizes. Since particle speed and impact angle greatly influence erosion rates of the material, calculated particle speeds were compared with measurements. Comparisons reveal that, as the particles penetrate the near wall shear layer, particles in the higher viscosity liquids tend to slow down more rapidly than particles in the lower viscosity liquids. In addition, CFD predictions and particle speed measurements are used to explain why the erosion data for larger particles is less sensitive to the increased viscosities.

Proteins Induced Formation of Hydrothermal Nitrogen Doped Carbons

2009 ◽  
Vol 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki Baccile ◽  
Maria-Magdalena Titirici
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Structural Order ◽  
Different Types

AbstractThis contribution illustrates the synthesis of nitrogen-containing hydrothermal carbon particles from a mixture of glucose, as carbon source, and different types of proteins, as nitrogen sources. Casein, ovalbumin, hemoglobin and gelatin were chosen here as model compounds. The particle size and the level of structural order could be tuned according to the protein type and the amount utilized.

Taming the Monster: Arresting Excessive Sand Production Problem in ARAMU037

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ako ◽  
Erasmus Nnanna ◽  
Odumodu Somtochukwu ◽  
Akinmade Moradeke
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Sand Production ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Production Problem ◽  
Normal Production ◽  
The Way

Abstract Chemical Sand Consolidation (SCON) has been used as a means of downhole sand control in Niger Delta since the early 70s. The countries where SCON has been used include Nigeria (Niger Delta), Gabon (Gamba) and UK (North Sea). SCON provides grain-to-grain cementation and locks formation fines in place through the process of adsorption of the sand grains and subsequent polymerization of the resin at elevated well temperatures. The polymerized resin serves to consolidate the surfaces of the sand grain while retaining permeability through the pore spaces. In a typical Niger Delta asset, over 30% of the wells may be completed with SCON. A high percentage are still producing without failure since installation from1970s. Where the original SCON jobs have failed, re-consolidation has also been carried out successfully. Chemical Sand Consolidation development has evolved over the years from: Eposand 112A and B, Eposand 212A and B, Wellfix 2000, Wellfix 3000, Sandstop (resin based), Sandtrap 225, 350 & 500 (resin based) and lately Sandtrap 225,350, 500 (solvent based) and Sandtrap ABC (aqueous based). There have been mixed results experienced with the deployment of either of the latest recipes of SCON. This was due to the fact that the conventional deployment work procedure was followed with the tendency for one-size-fits-all approach to the treatment. This paper details the challenges faced with sand production in ARAMU037, the previous interventions and how an integrated approach to the design and delivery of the most recent intervention restored the way to normal production. The well has now produced for about 2 years with minimal interruption with the activity paying out in less than 6 months. The paper also recommends the best practice for remedial sand control especially for wells in mature assets.

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