scholarly journals Urban Tissue of Traditional Chinese and Southeast Asian Port Cities: The Influence of Maritime Trade

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Beisi Jia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Special Rules

In the process of urban development and regeneration, a city always gradually derives multiple morphological characteristics from its original single form. The transformation of urban form can be viewed as representation of consequence of overlapping of cultural attributes, an urban quality which is often ignored by property developments. This paper addresses that culture is a starting point to analyze traditional urban forms of Chinese and Southeast Asian traditional port cities. On the one hand, it analyzes their urban morphological characteristics focusing on the urban tissue level, which can reflect a process of urban evolution based on multi-culture brought by the ancient maritime trade. On the other hand, four port cities with similar cultural attributes including Quanzhou and Guangzhou in China, Hanoi in Vietnam and Malacca in Malaysia are analyzed comparatively to demonstrate their morphological differences and similarities. Based on the analysis of the two aspects, the paper recovers the relationship between cultural attributes and urban morphology, as well as some universal and special rules of urban development.

An Argumentative Review Between Urban Morphology and Energy-Efficient Mobility

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-309
Author(s):  
Omar M. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Morphology Characteristics ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Urban settlements are recognized in literature to be a significant energy consumer. Among the primary contributors of such consumption is the transportation system. Recent literature that discusses the relation between energy efficient mobility and urban form has been continually branching and growing. However, as it grew, it becomes more specialized, less self-conscious, and to some extent contradicting. After adopting Conzen's approach to urban morphology, this chapter discusses through an argumentative review the relationship between energy efficient mobility and buildings density, land use, and streets networks. In addition to providing a snapshot to critical studies in the last three decades, two arguments are refuted. First, the residents' behavior resulting from socio-economic factors or individuals' choice has more impact than urban morphology characteristics on energy-efficient mobility. Second, morphological characteristics of urban settlements that lead to energy efficient mobility do not vary with the variation of context.

A Typo-Morphological Study: The Cmc Industrial Mass Housing District, Lefke, Northern Cyprus

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Nevter Zafer Cömert ◽  
Sebnem Önal Hoskara
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
North West ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Urban Pattern ◽  
Set Up

With the increasing number of universities in the country, research on urban form and architecture—with a focus on historic settlements—has accelerated in Cyprus in the last fifteen years. Lefke, a small traditional medieval town located on north-west Cyprus, warrants a detailed urban morphological study, as its traditional urban pattern has been shaped by a medieval character. Within its overall organic urban pattern, there are well-scaled narrow streets, a number of public buildings and irregularly shaped public spaces at the intersection of streets and/or in front of public buildings. Lefke's morphological characteristics, which have developed throughout many years, have been significantly impacted by British influences, as the Cyprus Mines Corporation (CMC), established in 1916, turned Lefke into an industrial town. The CMC district, which is the first industrial mass housing district in Cyprus, has uniquely impacted Lefke's urban patterns and still defines the morphological characteristics of the town today. Accordingly, this paper first explores urban morphology based on two pioneering morphological studies: Gianfranco Cannigia's theories of typo-morphological understanding, and the evolutionary insights of M.R.G. Conzen. The ultimate goal is to set up a typo-morphological basis for the CMC industrial mass housing district, which will drive future interventions, design and planning policies towards its conservation and sustainability.

scholarly journals Building age profile and figure-ground image: defining the urban development pattern of Balikpapan City

2021 ◽  
Vol 778 (1) ◽  
pp. 012038
Author(s):  
N A Jordan ◽  
Sherlia ◽  
E D Syafitri
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Overlay Technique ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Urban Pattern

Abstract As one of Indonesian city that emerged from the industrial sector, Balikpapan grew and was inhabited by transmigrates from various cultures. The development and growth patterns of the Balikpapan urban area was influenced by the culture of the residents, due to the absence of empire influence or colonialism. This research was conducted to identify the oldest area as a starting point of the urban development patterns of Balikpapan. The building-age profile method was used to identify the oldest building groups or blocks, which belong to the city’s heritage zone. In this analysis, a series of figure-ground images in several periods were collected to indicate the building age. Through the process of overlaying solid-void maps, the pattern of space-built interaction was generated as the patterns of urban development. Results shown that urban development, which was determined through overlay technique, was organic pattern, which was formed by several connected irregular shapes. The conservation of the urban pattern indicates the effort to achieve urban identity, as one of the sustainable urban form indicator.

scholarly journals How do East and Southeast Asian Cities Differ from Western Cities? A Systematic Review of the Urban Form Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ling Chen ◽  
Hao-Wei Chiu ◽  
Yu-Fang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asian Cities

The Fifth Assessment Report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) revealed that the scale of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Asian cities is similar to those from developed economies, which are driven predominantly by economic growth. Due to variations in geographic and climatic contexts, culture and religion, living style and travel behavior, governance and institutions, and a wide range of density and land use mixes, there are significant variations in urban form patterns across Western and Asian cities. This paper uses a systematic review, which is a critical interpretive synthesis methodology, to review keywords of studies related to urban form among East and Southeast Asian cities. From 3725 records identified through database searching, 213 studies were included in qualitative analysis. The results show that, although the population density in built-up areas is higher, annual population density is declining significantly in East and Southeast Asia. In addition, there are various kinds of land use mixes including horizontal, vertical, and temporal forms. As a whole, the inconsistencies of urban form characteristics exist not only between Western and Asian cities, but also among Asian cities. Serious population density decreases in Asian cities might indicate that they are undergoing similar urban development processes to those of Western cities. We should be aware of the potential lock-in trends of urban development patterns in Chinese and Southeast Asian cities.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Morphological Method for Mapping Local Climate Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maiullari ◽  
Marjolein Pijpers-van Esch ◽  
Arjan Van Timmeren
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Impact

Morphological characteristics of cities significantly influence urban heat island intensities and thermal responses to heat waves. Form attributes such as density, compactness, and vegetation cover are commonly used to analyse the impact of urban morphology on overheating processes. However, the use of abstract large-scale classifications hinders a full understanding of the thermal trade-off between single buildings and their immediate surrounding microclimate. Without analytical tools able to capture the complexity of cities with a high resolution, the microspatial dimension of urban climate phenomena cannot be properly addressed. Therefore, this study develops a new method for numerical identification of types, based on geometrical characteristics of buildings and climate-related form attributes of their surroundings in a 25m and 50m radius. The method, applied to the city of Rotterdam, combines quantitative descriptors of urban form, mapping GIS procedures, and clustering techniques. The resulting typo-morphological classification is assessed by modelling temperature, wind, and humidity during a hot summer period, in ENVI-met. Significant correlations are found between the morphotypes’ characteristics and local climate phenomena, highlighting the differences in performative potential between the classified urban patterns. The study suggests that the method can be used to provide insight into the systemic relations between buildings, their context, and the risk of overheating in different urban settings. Finally, the study highlights the relevance of advanced mapping and modelling tools to inform spatial planning and mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of urban overheating.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Urban Morphology to the Formation of the Microclimate in Compact Urban Cores: A Study in the City Center of Thessaloniki

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Georgios-Rafail Kouklis ◽  
Athena Yiannakou
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Center ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of urban morphology to the formation of microclimatic conditions prevailing within urban outdoor spaces. We studied the compact form of a city and examined, at a detailed, street plan level, elements related to air temperature, urban ventilation, and the individual’s thermal comfort. All elements examined are directly affected by both the urban form and the availability of open and green spaces. The field study took place in a typical compact urban fabric of an old city center, the city center of Thessaloniki, where we investigated the relationship between urban morphology and microclimate. Urban morphology was gauged by examining the detailed street plan, along with the local building patterns. We used a simulation method based on the ENVI-met© software. The findings of the field study highlight the fact that the street layout, the urban canyon, and the open and green spaces in a compact urban form contribute decisively both to the creation of the microclimatic conditions and to the influence of the bioclimatic parameters.

The socio-economic and demographic characteristics of port cities: a typology for comparative analysis?

Urban History ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Lee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Merchant Capital ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThis article addresses a range of conceptual issues relating to the history of European port cities in order to construct a framework for comparative research. Port cities played a key role in European urban development and their growth was often determined by common factors. Particular attention is paid to the demography of port cities, their specific labour markets and the dominant ideology of merchant capital. The article establishes a basis for analysing case studies of individual port cities and for exploring their location within the overall process of European urbanization.

scholarly journals Exploring the Influence of Urban Form on Urban Vibrancy in Shenzhen Based on Mobile Phone Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjun Tang ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Sijia Li ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Jingyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Functional Zones

Urban vibrancy is an important indicator of the attractiveness of a city and its potential for comprehensive, healthy and sustainable development in all aspects. With the development of big data, an increasing number of datasets can be used to analyse urban vibrancy on fine spatial and temporal scales from the perspective of human perception. In this study, we applied mobile phone data as a proxy for local vibrancy in Shenzhen and constructed a comprehensive framework for the factors that influence urban vibrancy, especially in terms of urban morphology and space syntax. In addition, the popular geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) method was used to explore the spatiotemporal relationships between vibrancy and its influencing factors. The spatial and temporal coefficients are presented through maps. The conclusions of this attempt to study urban vibrancy with urban big data have significant implications for helping urban planners and policy makers optimize the spatial layouts of urban functional zones and perform high-quality city planning.

Exploring the relationships between urban form metrics and the vegetation biomass loss under urban expansion in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Sophia Shuang Chen ◽  
Guangyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Urban Metrics ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Loss Index

Compact urban form has been applied as a strategy to reduce the loss of green space that occurs from development, but the impact of this policy on the provision of green space still presents many uncertainties. This research investigated the statistical relationship between urban form indicators and the loss of vegetation biomass to understand the response of quality green space provision to changes in urban morphology. A methodology combining multi-source data assimilation, statistical analysis, and spatial analysis was adopted for the Yangtze River Delta cities of China. First, six urban metrics were selected to describe the shape and layout of urban patches in each city, and the total biomass loss index was then introduced as a parameter. The values of urban metrics and total biomass loss index were calculated for the 50 Yangtze River Delta cities. Second, ordinary least squares regression and geographically weighted regression analyses were then used to establish a quantitative relationship between total biomass loss index and urban form indicators. The results revealed an extremely negative correlation between total biomass loss index and the three urban variables of Richard compactness, density gradient, and the Gini coefficient; moreover, the parameter estimates for the three variables in the geographically weighted regression model were local and varied over space. Third, the mechanisms by which the urban form influences biomass loss were discussed and different urban form planning strategies for particular urban areas were suggested. In conclusion, compact urban form in a clustered layout of urban areas with a dense central agglomeration was verified to be ecologically superior and conducive to green space protection. For the physical interpretation of the statistical relationship between urban morphology and vegetation loss, the interface effect of urban agglomeration on vegetation merits further study.

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