An Argumentative Review Between Urban Morphology and Energy-Efficient Mobility

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-309
Author(s):  
Omar M. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Morphology Characteristics ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Urban settlements are recognized in literature to be a significant energy consumer. Among the primary contributors of such consumption is the transportation system. Recent literature that discusses the relation between energy efficient mobility and urban form has been continually branching and growing. However, as it grew, it becomes more specialized, less self-conscious, and to some extent contradicting. After adopting Conzen's approach to urban morphology, this chapter discusses through an argumentative review the relationship between energy efficient mobility and buildings density, land use, and streets networks. In addition to providing a snapshot to critical studies in the last three decades, two arguments are refuted. First, the residents' behavior resulting from socio-economic factors or individuals' choice has more impact than urban morphology characteristics on energy-efficient mobility. Second, morphological characteristics of urban settlements that lead to energy efficient mobility do not vary with the variation of context.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Urban Morphology to the Formation of the Microclimate in Compact Urban Cores: A Study in the City Center of Thessaloniki

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Georgios-Rafail Kouklis ◽  
Athena Yiannakou
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Center ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of urban morphology to the formation of microclimatic conditions prevailing within urban outdoor spaces. We studied the compact form of a city and examined, at a detailed, street plan level, elements related to air temperature, urban ventilation, and the individual’s thermal comfort. All elements examined are directly affected by both the urban form and the availability of open and green spaces. The field study took place in a typical compact urban fabric of an old city center, the city center of Thessaloniki, where we investigated the relationship between urban morphology and microclimate. Urban morphology was gauged by examining the detailed street plan, along with the local building patterns. We used a simulation method based on the ENVI-met© software. The findings of the field study highlight the fact that the street layout, the urban canyon, and the open and green spaces in a compact urban form contribute decisively both to the creation of the microclimatic conditions and to the influence of the bioclimatic parameters.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI HEWAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MENGHAFAL NAMA LATIN HEWAN PADA SISWA KELAS X IPA SMA NEGERI 3 JEMBER

EDUSAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
M Ubaidilah Hasan ◽  
Ira Nurmawati
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Kendall Correlation ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Morphology Characteristics

THE RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING LEVEL OF ANIMAL MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE ABILITY TO MEMORIZE ANIMAL LATIN NAMES IN GRADE 10 IPAAbstractAnimal taxonomy subjects often use animal's Latin names. Many students think that this subject is annoying because it is dominated by memorizing animal's Latin names, even though memorizing becomes a prerequisite for understanding. Meanwhile, most of the language materials memorized need an understanding before the memorizing process. This study aimed to find a relationship between the level of students' understanding of an animal's morphological characteristics and the ability to memorize animal's Latin names at the Xth grade of IPA students in SMAN 3 Jember. This study used a quantitative approach with a type of ex post facto. The test obtained the data. Then it was descriptively and inferentially analyzed by Kendall correlation. This research indicated that 56 students who answered test of the level of understanding animal's morphological characteristics and the ability to memorize animal's Latin names resulted in a correlation coefficient of score 0.673, and significance 0,000 < 0.05. Therefore, if the level of students’ understanding of an animal's morphological characteristics increased, the ability to memorize animal's Latin names at the Xth grade of IPA students in SMAN 3 Jember also increased, conversely. AbstrakNama latin hewan sering digunakan dalam materi taksonomi hewan. Banyak siswa beranggapan bahwa materi tersebut membosankan karena didominasi oleh menghafal nama latin hewan, padahal menghafal menjadi prasyarat pemahaman. Sementara itu, sebagian besar materi bahasa yang dihafal membutuhkan pemahaman sebelum proses menghafal berlangsung. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui hubungan tingkat pemahaman karakteristik morfologi hewan dengan kemampuan menghafal nama latin hewan pada siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 3 Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis eks post facto. Data didapatkan menggunakan instrumen tes. Kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan korelasi Kendall. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 56 siswa yang menjawab tes tingkat pemahaman karakteristik morfologi hewan dan kemampuan menghafal nama latin hewan menghasilkan koefisien korelasi 0,673 dan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Dengan demikian, jika tingkat pemahaman karakteristik morfologi hewan meningkat, kemampuan menghafal nama latin hewan pada siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 3 Jember juga meningkat, begitupula sebaliknya. 

A Typo-Morphological Study: The Cmc Industrial Mass Housing District, Lefke, Northern Cyprus

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Nevter Zafer Cömert ◽  
Sebnem Önal Hoskara
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
North West ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Urban Pattern ◽  
Set Up

With the increasing number of universities in the country, research on urban form and architecture—with a focus on historic settlements—has accelerated in Cyprus in the last fifteen years. Lefke, a small traditional medieval town located on north-west Cyprus, warrants a detailed urban morphological study, as its traditional urban pattern has been shaped by a medieval character. Within its overall organic urban pattern, there are well-scaled narrow streets, a number of public buildings and irregularly shaped public spaces at the intersection of streets and/or in front of public buildings. Lefke's morphological characteristics, which have developed throughout many years, have been significantly impacted by British influences, as the Cyprus Mines Corporation (CMC), established in 1916, turned Lefke into an industrial town. The CMC district, which is the first industrial mass housing district in Cyprus, has uniquely impacted Lefke's urban patterns and still defines the morphological characteristics of the town today. Accordingly, this paper first explores urban morphology based on two pioneering morphological studies: Gianfranco Cannigia's theories of typo-morphological understanding, and the evolutionary insights of M.R.G. Conzen. The ultimate goal is to set up a typo-morphological basis for the CMC industrial mass housing district, which will drive future interventions, design and planning policies towards its conservation and sustainability.

scholarly journals HOW TO CLASSIFY THE URBAN AREA? A PERSPECTIVE OF MULTI-CRITERIA APPROACH IN THE CONTEXT OF HYPER-DIVERSITY IN SETTLEMENTS IN GHANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. K. AKUBIA ◽  
Paul W. K. YANKSON
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Regular Mapping ◽  
Land Use Dynamics ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Key Dimensions

Ghana is experiencing high population growth, rapid urbanization and a constantly accelerating growth of urban areas. Yet, the accurate delineation of urban settlements remains a major challenge faced by urbanists. While emergent urban settlements are being characterized by highly-diverse, heterogeneous, and multiplicity of features, the need to rethink how best to classify new urban growth areas, beyond the commonly used population threshold of ≥ 5000 inhabitants, is becoming increasingly inadequate. Thus, this paper proposes a multi-criteria approach, drawing on the concept of ‘hyper-diversity’. Eight key dimensions – urban form, built-up extent, socio-economic functions, land-use dynamics, occupational structure, governance structure and population size – were identified as a guide to the delineation of new urban settlements. Inferring these dimensions requires accurate spatial and statistical data on prevailing the land-use dynamics. Thus, the paper argues that analyzing satellite-based remote sensing and groundtruth-gathered data may provide standardized and timely information on the aforementioned dimensions. Applying this multi-dimensional approach may be useful for Ghana and similar countries where there is a lack of regular mapping of urban areas.

scholarly journals GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES IN URBAN MORPHOLOGY FOR RESILIENT URBAN GOVERNANCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzailawati Mohd Noor ◽  
Marina Mohd Nor ◽  
Alias Abdullah ◽  
Rustam Khairi Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Land Use Development

This study analysed the potential of applications of geospatial technology in urban planning research in urban morphology. Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. It is an approach in designing urban form that considers both physical and spatial components of the urban structure. This study was conducted in Georgetown, Penang with the main purpose to identify the evolution of urban morphology and the land use expansion using remote sensing images and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. Four series of temporal satellite SPOT 5 J from 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2014 were used to detect an expansion of land use development using change detection technique. Three types of land use were identified, namely built-up area, unbuilt-up area, and water bodies with a good accuracy of above 85%. The result showed that the built-up area significantly increased due to the rapid development in urban area. Finally, the result provided an understanding and strengthened the relationship between urban planning and geospatial applications in creating sustainable and resilient city and future urban governance.

scholarly journals Urban Tissue of Traditional Chinese and Southeast Asian Port Cities: The Influence of Maritime Trade

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Beisi Jia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Special Rules

In the process of urban development and regeneration, a city always gradually derives multiple morphological characteristics from its original single form. The transformation of urban form can be viewed as representation of consequence of overlapping of cultural attributes, an urban quality which is often ignored by property developments. This paper addresses that culture is a starting point to analyze traditional urban forms of Chinese and Southeast Asian traditional port cities. On the one hand, it analyzes their urban morphological characteristics focusing on the urban tissue level, which can reflect a process of urban evolution based on multi-culture brought by the ancient maritime trade. On the other hand, four port cities with similar cultural attributes including Quanzhou and Guangzhou in China, Hanoi in Vietnam and Malacca in Malaysia are analyzed comparatively to demonstrate their morphological differences and similarities. Based on the analysis of the two aspects, the paper recovers the relationship between cultural attributes and urban morphology, as well as some universal and special rules of urban development.

Accessibility and Urban Form

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Jonathan Levine ◽  
Joe Grengs ◽  
Louis A. Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This chapter assesses the relationship between urban form and accessibility by comparing accessibility across metropolitan regions in the United States. A prevalent view among urban planning researchers is that low-density, auto-oriented metropolitan regions are also low-accessibility areas. This view, if supported, would have important implications for policy reform. For metropolitan areas in the U.S. overall, there is a positive relationship between density and auto accessibility. This suggests that land-use policy can be highly relevant to accessibility outcomes. In particular, allowing metropolitan compactness by easing land-use regulations mandating low development densities can improve the effectiveness of the roadway transportation system as defined in accessibility terms. Yet the success of the strategy remains a matter for empirical accessibility evaluation. The relationship between metropolitan density and work accessibility via automobile, while positive, is hardly ironclad, and some low-density regions do offer high auto accessibility. And transportation success overall should not just consider the automobile but should consider accessibility via all travel modes, including walking, cycling, public transport, and cars.

GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES IN URBAN MORPHOLOGY FOR RESILIENT URBAN GOVERNANCE

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzailawati Mohd Noor ◽  
Marina Mohd Nor ◽  
Alias Abdullah ◽  
Rustam Khairi Zahari
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Land Use Development

This study analysed the potential of applications of geospatial technology in urban planning research in urban morphology. Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. It is an approach in designing urban form that considers both physical and spatial components of the urban structure. This study was conducted in Georgetown, Penang with the main purpose to identify the evolution of urban morphology and the land use expansion using remote sensing images and Geographical Information System (GIS) technique. Four series of temporal satellite SPOT 5 J from 2004, 2007, 2009, and 2014 were used to detect an expansion of land use development using change detection technique. Three types of land use were identified, namely built-up area, unbuilt-up area, and water bodies with a good accuracy of above 85%. The result showed that the built-up area significantly increased due to the rapid development in urban area. Finally, the result provided an understanding and strengthened the relationship between urban planning and geospatial applications in creating sustainable and resilient city and future urban governance.

scholarly journals The city before its patrimonialization: Urban configuration of Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Fellipe Decrescenzo Andrade Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Made In

The discovery of diamonds in Mucugê so far exceeded any expectations that it overshadowed all other discoveries made in the region in previous years of the nineteenth century. They attracted thousands of people to this vernacular settlement that was set amid the rocky hills that characterize this region of Chapada Diamantina, in Brazil. Although it also received adventurers from other parts of Bahia, migrants from Minas were the ones who most influenced the new settlement – and, possibly, other urban sites that later appeared in Chapada. This work focuses on the study of Mucugê’s natural site, the structure of its society, economy and culture, its urban form and the introduction of domestic and religious architecture into this ensemble; it analyzes Mucugê’s urban configuration, revealing influences from Minas’ earlier urban settlements that also arose out of mining activity. It also shows how Mucugê developed its own features, especially regarding the relationship between its architecture and the landscape.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Morphological Method for Mapping Local Climate Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Maiullari ◽  
Marjolein Pijpers-van Esch ◽  
Arjan Van Timmeren
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Impact

Morphological characteristics of cities significantly influence urban heat island intensities and thermal responses to heat waves. Form attributes such as density, compactness, and vegetation cover are commonly used to analyse the impact of urban morphology on overheating processes. However, the use of abstract large-scale classifications hinders a full understanding of the thermal trade-off between single buildings and their immediate surrounding microclimate. Without analytical tools able to capture the complexity of cities with a high resolution, the microspatial dimension of urban climate phenomena cannot be properly addressed. Therefore, this study develops a new method for numerical identification of types, based on geometrical characteristics of buildings and climate-related form attributes of their surroundings in a 25m and 50m radius. The method, applied to the city of Rotterdam, combines quantitative descriptors of urban form, mapping GIS procedures, and clustering techniques. The resulting typo-morphological classification is assessed by modelling temperature, wind, and humidity during a hot summer period, in ENVI-met. Significant correlations are found between the morphotypes’ characteristics and local climate phenomena, highlighting the differences in performative potential between the classified urban patterns. The study suggests that the method can be used to provide insight into the systemic relations between buildings, their context, and the risk of overheating in different urban settings. Finally, the study highlights the relevance of advanced mapping and modelling tools to inform spatial planning and mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of urban overheating.

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