scholarly journals Quantitative and physico-chemical characterization of domestic solid waste in a typical Nigerian municipality

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Nnaji Chidozie Charles
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
Higher Institution ◽  
Domestic Solid Waste

In the present study solid waste were collected from households, banks, restaurants, higher institution, open dump and a final disposal site of Nigerian municipality with a view to determining waste generation rate, relative waste compositions and its physicochemical properties. During the course of study average rate of solid waste generation was found to be 0.39Kg/capita/day. A highly negative correlation (R2 = 0.99) was observed between per capita waste generation and household size (n) for n ? 4. The waste collected from households consisted of putriscibles (47%) 11% water proof, 6% plastics, 4% glass, 3% clothes/textiles, 2% diapers and 19% of other unclassified materials. Due to the activities of scavengers, the relative proportion of recyclables such as plastic, glass and metals decreased as waste materials transited from households to the final dumpsite via open dumps, while the other fractions increased. It was found that 79% of the solid waste generated can either be recycled (32%) or composted (47%) however; only 12% is recovered for recycling/reuse while composting is hardly practiced. The three most important factors responsible for relative differences in the composition of solid waste obtained from different sources are scavenging, biodegradation and leaching. The putriscible fractions from households, curb sides and the final disposal site were assessed for their suitability for composting using the clean index (CI) criteria. It was found that the final disposal site with a CI of 3.3 on a scale of 5 was a better source of compost material than freshly generated household waste (CI = 2.9) and curb side waste (CI = 2.4).

scholarly journals Determinants of Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition in Homs City, Syria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohamad Noufal ◽  
Liu Yuanyuan ◽  
Zena Maalla ◽  
Sylvia Adipah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Household Solid Waste ◽  
Starting Point

The absence of accurate information on the state of waste is a challenge to the solid waste management system in Syria. The local authorities commonly estimate the quantity of waste produced and its characterisation, which is the starting point for solid waste management planning. So, this paper aims to evaluate the generation and composition of household solid waste in Homs city, Syria. Also, the study presents factors influencing the waste generation rate and the waste composition. The study was carried out in 300 families from four zones in Homs city, and three sampling stages were conducted during the study duration, which started in July 2017 and ended in February 2019. The outcomes show that an average of 0.68 kg/per/day solid waste generated was calculated for the entire study area in Homs city. Also, the data analysis presents that organic waste constitutes the largest component in the waste mixture (69.1%) followed by plastic (10.6%), inert materials (8.7%), paper (4.6%), textile (2.5%), metal (1.2%), glass (1.1%), wood (0.6%), and hazardous materials (1.6%). The multiple linear regression results showed that the adjusted R2 value was found to be 0.557, 0.839, and 0.709 for the waste generation per capita, the daily household organic waste generation, and the daily household packaging waste generation, respectively. Also, according to Pearson’s coefficient values, a positive correlation was found between household waste generation and monthly income (r = 0.626), household size (r = 0.37), and age of the household head (r = 0.517), whereas a negative correlation was found between household waste generation and the education level of the household head (r = −0.649).

scholarly journals Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Bhaktapur Municipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Amit Shankar Ranjit ◽  
Ronish Shakya ◽  
Sushila Gwachha ◽  
Razim Ganesh ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Sample Size Determination ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Waste Generation Rate

Bhaktapur Municipality has been performing better to keep the city clean. However, scarcity of space for the land filling of the solid waste and proper segregation of waste at the source has been a hurdle for the Municipality. This paper aims to determine solid waste generation rate and to analyze overall situation of solid waste management of Bhaktapur Municipality. However, the data will not represent the seasonal and occasional variations. Additionally, waste from street-sweeping and large-scale institutional and commercial components of the Municipality has not been assessed. Arkin and Colton (1963) was referred for the sample size determination. Sample of 376 households were taken accordingly. Twenty representative samples each for commercial and institutional establishments were selected, and one each for special cases such as hospital, slaughter house and poultry has been assessed. Municipal household waste generation was found to be 0.093kg per capita per day which was chiefly composed of 77% organic, 18% plastic and 3% paper. Organic waste has been a major waste for institutions such as schools whereas at governmental and public offices, paper is the predominantly generated waste. Among commercial establishments, shops and restaurants mostly generate organic waste and that for departmental stores has been paper. Though collection system was found to be satisfactory, treatment and final disposal have been unsustainable. Available treatment facilities have been shut down whereas other infrastructural components have been lacking.

Measurement and Quantification of Residential Solid Waste in a Metropolitan City of a Developing Country: Case Study in Four Selected Informal Settlements in Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495
Author(s):  
Mengiseny Kaseva ◽  
Kris Wernstedt ◽  
Jacob M. Kihila
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Country Case Study ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Residential Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Generation Rate

This study has employed multiple techniques, including subjective and objective approaches, to augment existing information and data on household waste generation, generation rates, composition and waste management perceptions in informal settlements. Waste weight, volume and composition data were obtained through one measurement study (n=80) and five surveys (n = 1,239). Additional information was obtained through physical observations and interviews. Results of this study revealed per-capita overall mean weight and volume to be 0.51 kg/day and 1.33 liters/day, respectively. Relatively higher per-capita daily waste generation rates were observed in smaller households, suggesting a positive dependence of municipal solid waste generation rate on both household income and size. Generation high points were on Mondays, signifying that accumulation of waste is more on Sundays perhaps because of shopping during weekends. Organic waste constituted the largest component (60.5% by weight), while e-waste constitute the least (0.4%). About 43% and 8% of the population have to store the waste for two to three weeks and for more than a month, respectively, before delivery for collection by the local government and or the private sector. The study established existence of both extreme satisfaction and dissatisfaction with waste collection and significance of collection problems in the informal settlements.

scholarly journals Dynamic model of municipal solid waste management from households in Sukuta Nema, The Gambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
B Jassey ◽  
B Zaman ◽  
Syafrudin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Improper waste management is a global concern, especially in developing countries where population growth is increasing. Improper waste management is increasingly becoming a global problem that requires a holistic approach to avert health consequences. This research aims to estimate the generation, reduction and disposal of solid waste from households in Sukuta Nema, The Gambia, in the next 25 years. An analytic observation with a cross-sectional design and a dynamic model approach and data from observations in the field were used—a sample size of 125 households was drawn using random sampling. The results showed that household waste generation in Sukuta Nema was 2.07 kg/house/day or 0.0083 m3/house/day. Household waste from Sukuta Nema is predominantly organic, with a proportion of 80.71%. Inorganic waste constitutes about 19.29%. Based on the model scenario for 25 years (2021-2046), the results show that the estimated average rate of waste reduction through waste banks is 5.84%, the rate of waste reduction through composting scenarios is 64.20%, and the rate of waste reduction through a combined scenario between a waste bank and composting is 70.04%. The best waste management tool to use ineffective waste reduction is the combination scenario.

scholarly journals Assistance in Processing Household Plastic Waste into Ecobricks at Medas Harmony Housing, West Lombok

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwati Ummat ◽  
Marianah Marianah ◽  
Muanah Muanah ◽  
Ahmad Akromul Huda ◽  
Desy Ambar Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Household Products ◽  
Community Skills ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
And Training

Household waste contributes to the volume of waste. In general, household waste is easily biodegradable and difficult to decompose. Household products that are hard to decompose are generally plastic and plastic bottles predominantly. The difficulty of decomposing household plastic waste requires serious handling, so it is necessary to provide assistance for processing plastic waste into useful creations. One of them becomes ecobric. There are two methods of this activity, namely direct counseling and training. The results obtained after the community service activities were completed was that they were able to improve community skills in processing plastic waste into ecobrics. Furthermore, ecobrics are created into potted plants and other forms of creation. In addition, after this activity is carried out, it can reduce the movement of plastic waste to the final disposal site (TPA), so that the community hopes that this activity will continue to be transmitted to other places to create a clean and free environment from plastic waste.

scholarly journals Impact of Leachate in the Soil Vellalore, Coimbatore

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3075-3078
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Cumulative Volume ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Physical And Chemical

As a consequence of increasing urbanisation and industrialization two major effects have occurred. They are resource exploitation and waste generation. In this view, the present work has been undertaken to study problems of open dumping of MSW at Vellalore disposal site of Coimbatore city. The objectives of the present study are monitor and assess the problems of principle solid waste on land and to investigate the feasibility of energy recover from MSW. Physical and chemical characterization of MSW collected from the disposal site showed that the solid waste has 68.95% of biodegradable fraction with relatively higher percentage of moisture content and 72% of volatile solids contents. Hence, methanation process of MSW can be carried out to recover energy. Leachate characterisation study concludes the that the concentration of Total Organic Carbon, Ammonia nitrogen, volatile solids, pH , electrical conductivity were high in fresh leachate and decreased due to the decomposition of MSW. Soil quality study of Vellalore site showed that the soil texture and colour has been altered to a depth of 60cm.To manage the solid waste problem, high solids anaerobic digestion process was carried out in the laboratory in a batch reactor, which showed that the factor pH was found to be significant in the production of biogas. The concentration of volatile solids, Total carbon, Total nitrogen, due to the decomposition of the reactor contents, which has utilized in the production of gas. During the experimental study a cumulative volume of 3.2 litres of gas was obtained in a period of 120 days from 8 litres volume of the initially loaded MSW.

scholarly journals Determinants of Municipal Solid Waste in Urban Zone of Baglung Municipality, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Tejendra Regmi ◽  
Manisha Ghimire ◽  
Suman Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Urban Zone

The studies on the solid waste generation and characterization with their relationships with different determinants are limited in Nepal which helps in the implementation of the solid waste management approach.  This study is focused on the quantification of the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate and its characterization in the Baglung Municipality, Nepal. Factors affecting MSW generation with perceptions towards the MSW management were also evaluated through household survey. The study was carried out in the month of January 2021 in four wards of urban zone in the municipality. The average waste generation rate in 188 households (HHs), 20 institutions, and 20 commercial sites were 0.43 kg/c/d, 0.83 kg/institute/day and 2.75 kg/commercial site/day, respectively. The largest component, which accounted for about 74% household waste, 75% institutional waste and 52% commercial waste composed of organic waste. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates a significant variation in between MSW generation rate with respect to household size and type of days. Regarding affordability of MSW management, most of the households can be able to afford service fee ranged from US$ 0.5 to 1.0 (55.38%). Most of the households dispose of solid waste in the municipal vehicle. From this study, the residents of the municipality are suggested to prepare compost manure at the source for the minimization of waste volume to be transported and disposed of. Higher production of recyclable MSW depicts there is a possibility of revenue generation and importance of MSW management in community mobilization in the municipality.

scholarly journals The Role of Socio-Economic and Cultural Factors in Municipal Solid Waste Generation: A Case Study in Taman Perling, Johor Bahru

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Badruddin Mohd. Yusof ◽  
Fadil Othman ◽  
Normala Hashim ◽  
Nur Cahaya Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Satu daripada masalah utama dalam pembangunan sistem pengurusan sisa pepejal bersepadu di Malaysia ialah kekurangan data menyeluruh tentang penjanaan dan komposisi sisa. Perkara ini perlu diatasi demi memudahkan perancangan pengurusan pada masa akan datang. Walaupun terdapat banyak kajian tentang sisa pepejal, antaranya ialah Abd. Karim et al. (1996), Sabarinah (1997), dan Salim et al. (1994), tetapi model dan pendekatan yang lebih jelas masih diperlukan bagi menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi penjanaan sisa pepejal oleh sesebuah komuniti di Malaysia. Kajian yang telah dijalankan di Taman Perling, Johor Bahru mendapati bahawa faktor pendapatan, pendidikan, lain-lain faktor kemasyarakatan kurang mempengaruhi jumlan penjanaan sisa pepejal domestik. Hanya faktor saiz isi rumah dan cara hidup menunjukkan korelasi terhadap jumlah sisa yang dijana. Jumlah sisa berkorelasi secara positif dengan saiz isi rumah, tetapi berkorelasi secara negatif terhadap kekerapan makan di luar rumah. Ini bermakna, pada lazimnya, keluarga besar menjana jumlah sisa yang lebih banyak daripada keluarga yang bersaiz kecil. Begitu juga dengan mereka yang jarang mengunjungi restoran atau gerai makan didapati menghasilkan sisa lebih berbanding keluarga yang kerap makan di luar rumah. Hasil kajian memberi perspektif yang baru terhadap teori penjanaan sisa yang selama ini kerap mengaitkan aspek pendapatan dan faktor sosioekonomi dengan jumlah sisa domestik. Penemuan ini juga mengajar kita supaya lebih prihatin terhadap faktor sosial dan gaya hidup yang mempengaruhi tren penjanaan sisa, seterusnya dalam usaha menangani masalah pengurusan sisa pepejal domestik pada masa akan datang. Kata kunci: sisa domestik; faktor sosioekonomi; saiz keluarga; cara hidup dan tabiat pemakanan The absence of a comprehensive database on solid waste generation and composition appears to be the major drawback to the development of an integrated waste management system in Malaysia. While many studies have been conducted on related fields, such as Abd. Karim et al. (1996), Sabarinah (1997) and Salim et al. (1994), there is still a lack of clear model or approach in determining attributes influencing the amount of wastes generated by our community. A study conducted in Taman Perling, Johor Bahru has showns that such as attributes as income, education, and other socio-economic factors barely affect the amount of waste generated. It seems that only family size and lifestyle factors, particularly the eating habits of residents, contribute significantly to variations in the generation of residential waste in the study area. While the amount increases with the size of family, it decreases as the respondents dine out more often. This study suggests new insights concerning the role of social factors and lifestyle in affecting the generation of household waste. Key words: Domestic waste generation; socio-economic factors; family size; lifestyle; eating habits

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