Environmental technology: Fluidised-bed steam dryers — latest developments and practical experience

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Gerald Caspers ◽  
Klaus Nammert ◽  
Holger Fersterra ◽  
Hartmut Hafemann
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Operating Data ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Distribution Plate ◽  
And Control

Fluidised-bed steam dryers have been in use for industrial-scale drying of pressed beet pulp for more than 20 years. This highly energy-efficient process can be considered to be state of the art in the industry. Scientific laboratory and pilot-plant testing have provided the basis for a detailed description of the principles of fluidisation and drying in superheated water vapour. Advances in production data acquisition, in particular regarding the options for the real-time presentation and evaluation of high-resolution operating data (Industry 4.0), have opened up new potentials for optimisation of the drying process in fluidised-bed steam dryers. By analysing and interpreting sequences of events, or simultaneous events, it is now possible to analyse process behaviour in great depth. This allows malfunctions to be avoided by improved design or, assisted by suitable measuring and control systems, to be detected at an early stage. Failures can then be prevented altogether by initiating automated countermeasures. On the basis of more recent insights gained from the analysis of faults and disruptions using modern operating data acquisition, BMA’s fluidised-bed steam dryer (WVT) has been subjected to fundamental technological and technical improvements, so it now meets today’s demands for efficiency and reliability. Modifications include the product inlet, the distribution plate and several other parts, in addition to the known and patented PPS (Plug Protection System; EP 2457649 B1), and the patented rotary weir (EP 2146167 B1).

Fluidised bed and steam drying news

2013 ◽  
pp. 522-524
Author(s):  
Gerald Caspers ◽  
Klaus Nammert ◽  
Holger Fersterra ◽  
Hartmut Hafemann ◽  
Andreas Lehnberger
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Steam Drying

The drying of pressed sugar beet pulp in a pressurised fluidised bed with superheated steam is widely used in the sugar industry and can be considered to be state of the art for energy-efficient drying concepts in combined plant systems. The process has been used on a large scale in the sugar industry for more than 20 years. In the past campaign, BMA subjected existing drying systems at various locations to a number of refinements. These systematic, process engineering modifications allow the driers to work more efficiently and reliably. Feeding pressed pulp into a fluidised-bed drier is a critical phase in the drying process and can lead to malfunctions. The ability to determine the fluidisation conditions in the first drier cells provides more detailed insights into the process so that critical situations can be detected at an early stage and therefore malfunctions can be avoided. Further investigations have shown that the height of the fluidised bed has a considerable effect on adequate product transport and on the degree to which the heat from the circulated steam is utilised and, consequently, on water evaporation.

Topical issues of medical malpractices

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (38) ◽  
pp. 1510-1516
Author(s):  
Tamás Heiner ◽  
Tímea Barzó
Keyword(s):  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Contractual Relationship

The number of medical malpractice lawsuits filed each year in Hungary has considerably increased since 1990. The judicial decisions and practices on determining and awarding wrongful damages recoverable for medical malpractices in the Hungarian civil law have been developing for decades. In the meantime, a new Hungarian Civil Code (Act V of 2013) has entered into force, which among others, necessitates the revaluation of assessment of damages recoverable for medical malpractices. There are two main areas where fundamental changes have been introduced, which may significantly affect the outcome of medical malpractice lawsuits in the future. In the early stage of medical malpractices it was unclear whether the courts had to consider either the contractual relationship between patients and healthcare providers (contractual liability) or general codal articles on damages arising from non-contractual liability/torts (delictual liability) in their judgement delivered in the cases. Both the theoretical and practical experience of the last ten years shows that healthcare services agreements are concluded between healthcare providers and patients with the aim and intention to provide appropriate professional healthcare services to patients, which meet patients’ interests and wishes. The medical service is violated if it fails to meet patients’ interests and wishes as well as the objectives of the agreement. Since the new legislation implies a stricter liability for damages in the case of breach of contract and stricter rules for exempting the party in breach from compensation obligations, the opportunities to exempt healthcare providers from these obligations have become limited compared to previous regulations. This modification, which was aimed at further integrating the established judicial practices into legislation, stipulates the application of the rules for liability for damages resulting from medical malpractice in non-contractual situations. This paper analyses dogmatic and practical problems related to this topic. Another important area of current analysis is the institution of injury fees, which replaced the reimbursement of non-pecuniary damages. The mere fact of infringement allows setting injury fees. Taking into consideration the current resources in staff and equipment available in healthcare, this regulation may promote claims for injury fees impartial. Consequently, courts will have to apply other criteria when judgment in ‘trivial cases’, which might not require legal assessment, is delivered. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(38), 1510–1516.

scholarly journals Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

Web-Based Small Scaled Portable Data Acquisition and Control Unit for Demand Side Load

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meer Shadman Shafkat Tanjim ◽  
Ashrafun Nushra Oishi ◽  
Ali Azam Sojib ◽  
Md. Bashir Ahmmad ◽  
Md. Shaiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Side Load ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Quantitative Approach to Fragmented QRS in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: From Disease towards Asymptomatic Carriers of Pathogenic Variants

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob W. Roudijk ◽  
Laurens P. Bosman ◽  
Jeroen F. van der Heijden ◽  
Jacques M. T. de Bakker ◽  
Richard N. W. Hauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Pathogenic Variant ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Fragmented Qrs ◽  
Early Disease Detection ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Disease Penetrance ◽  
Ecg Leads ◽  
And Control

Fragmented QRS complexes (fQRS) are common in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). A new method of fQRS quantification may aid early disease detection in pathogenic variant carriers and assessment of prognosis in patients with early stage ACM. Patients with definite ACM (n = 221, 66%), carriers of a pathogenic ACM-associated variant without a definite ACM diagnosis (n = 57, 17%) and control subjects (n = 58, 17%) were included. Quantitative fQRS (Q-fQRS) was defined as the total amount of deflections in the QRS complex in all 12 electrocardiography (ECG) leads. Q-fQRS was scored by a single observer and reproducibility was determined by three independent observers. Q-fQRS count was feasible with acceptable intra- and inter-observer agreement. Q-fQRS count is significantly higher in patients with definite ACM (54 ± 15) and pathogenic variant carriers (55 ± 10) compared to controls (35 ± 5) (p < 0.001). In patients with ACM, Q-fQRS was not associated with sustained ventricular arrhythmia (p = 0.701) at baseline or during follow-up (p = 0.335). Both definite ACM patients and pathogenic variant carriers not fulfilling ACM diagnosis have a higher Q-fQRS than controls. This may indicate that increased Q-fQRS is an early sign of disease penetrance. In concealed and early stages of ACM the role of Q-fQRS for risk stratification is limited.

scholarly journals Macular vessel density and foveal avascular zone parameters in patients after acute primary angle closure determined by OCT angiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangcheng Liu ◽  
Huizhuo Xu ◽  
Haibo Jiang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Pingbao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Acute Primary Angle Closure ◽  
Primary Angle Closure ◽  
Circularity Index ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study analyzed the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) macular parameters in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients after acute primary angle closure (APAC) episodes. Thirty-three patients with 33 APAC eyes and 33 primary angle closure suspect (PACS) eyes and 33 age-matched normal subjects (controls) were enrolled. Macular vessel density (VD) in central, inner, outer and full regions and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters (area, perimeter and circularity index) were compared between APAC, PACS, and control eyes. For resolved APAC eyes, the VD in each macular region was significantly lower than that in control eyes, with less central and inner macular VD than PACS eyes. The central macular VD was significantly lower in PACS eyes than in controls. There was no difference in FAZ area and perimeter between APAC, PACS, and control eyes. FAZ circularity was highest in control eyes, followed by PACS eyes, and lowest in APAC eyes. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of FAZ circularity were 0.944, 93.9% and 84.8%, respectively, in APAC eyes and 0.881, 84.8% and 81.8%, respectively, in PACS eyes. Therefore, FAZ circularity had the best discrimination capability for detecting both APAC and PACS eyes. Macular assessment with OCTA could provide an accurate early-stage diagnostic tool for PACG.

scholarly journals PSIX-1 Altering dietary fiber components mitigates severity of Brachyspira hyodysentariae challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Emma T Helm ◽  
Nicholas Gabler ◽  
Eric R Burrough
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
And Control

Abstract Swine dysentery (SD) induced by Brachyspira hyodysentariae (Bhyo) has recently become more prevalent in swine herds, renewing research interest regarding dietary mitigation strategies. It has been reported that insoluble dietary fiber such as DDGS influences Bhyo colonization leading to more rapid disease development. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if replacement of insoluble (20% DDGS) with soluble and highly fermentable [sugar beet pulp (BP) and resistant potato starch (RS)] fiber would reduce Bhyo disease expression. At total of 38 pigs (40.9 ± 5.0 kg BW) were selected, confirmed negative for Bhyo, and allocated to dietary treatment groups (13 pigs/trt): 1) Control consisting of 20% DDGS, no BP or RS (0%), 2) 10% DDGS, 5% BP and 5% RS (5%), or 3) 0% DDGS, 10% BP, 10% RS (10%). All diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Diets were fed for 14 days pre-challenge and on days post inoculation (dpi) 0, all pigs were inoculated with Bhyo. Pigs and feeders were weighed weekly for 28 dpi. Overall, ADG was greater in both 5% (0.85 kg/d) and 10% (1.18 kg/d) pigs compared with 0% pigs (0.63 kg/d; P=0.004). The 10% pigs (2.46 kg/d) had greater ADFI compared with the 0% pigs (1.84 kg/d; P=0.024), 5% pigs being intermediate (2.20 kg/d). The 10% pigs also had greater G:F compared with both the 0% and 5% pigs (P&lt; 0.001). In terms of clinical disease presentation, 11/13 0% pigs developed clinical SD compared with 6/13 5% pigs and only 2/13 10% pigs (P=0.002). In conclusion, while not completely protective, reducing insoluble dietary fiber via replacement with soluble and fermentable BP and RS reduced clinical SD and improved pig performance during a 28-day Bhyo challenge. These data suggest such dietary manipulation may reduce usage of antibiotics in SD treatment and control.

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