scholarly journals Sistem Dewatering Air Panas Tambang Bawah Tanah Toguraci PT. Nusa Halmahera Minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Jimmy Bob Suroto ◽  
Ramdhan Rabbani ◽  
Anas Abdul Latif ◽  
Presentia Biserva Aesh
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Front ◽  
Drill Holes

The development of the Toguraci Underground Mine was begun in 2011 with the ore production started in 2012. The amount of water continued to increase in the Underground Mine at the beginning of 2014 which became problem that effected the activities of mining. The increase of hot water Toguraci underground mining effected to the safety for workers who are exposed to hot water, ventilation problems and equipment that are submerged in hot water. Tuguraci mine has two dewatering systems, namely dewatering systems on the surface and dewatering systems in underground mines. The handling of surface water comes from pumping underground to surface where water discharge is around 400 L / s with the temperatures ranging from 70°C while water treatment in underground mines includes decreasing water heading levels and pumping water from underground mines to the surface. The increase water entering heading development and stoping can be overcome by changing the surface dewatering system by using water cooling, while underground mining is done by changing the pipeline from the polypipe to the steel pipe and to reduce water entering the mining front is doned by drill holes for installing submersible pumps and replacing Oddesse pump to the Schlumberger pump which is more resistant to high temperature hot water, as long as mining operations take place 48 borehole drilling has been done with 11 borehole flowrate below 5 l / s and 37 borehole with flow rate above 5 l / s, and a water drop of around 77 meters

scholarly journals Geological CO2 quantified by high-temporal resolution stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.

scholarly journals Investigation of Unstable Failure Potential of a Shear Slip Using DEM at an Underground Mine

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Xu Ma ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Joint Model ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Shear Displacement ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Unstable Failure ◽  
Shear Slip ◽  
Set Up

Geological structures and discontinuities subjected to the perturbations posed by mining operations in underground mining can be re-activated and cause fault-slip rockbursts. This study investigates geomechanical stability in terms of shear slip behavior along discontinuities using 3DEC with focusing on sudden changes of shear stress and shear displacement. A direct shear test is performed using a continuously yielding joint model to examine the evolution of shear stress and shear displacement on this joint. Further, this continuously yielding joint model is applied in major discontinuities of an underground mine to examine whether an unstable shear slip behavior exists, which is represented by a significant shear stress decrease and a shear displacement increase. By referring to geological mapping of this mine, four cases are developed and each case is set up with one type of major discontinuities with identically simulated mining operations. Results imply that the amplitude of shear stress decrease and shear displacement increase along discontinuities substantially increases with the depth due to higher virgin stresses and mining-induced stresses at greater depths. The discontinuity parallel to the interface between footwall and orebody is the least safe case and subjects to the largest potential of triggering seismic events. Keywords: Shear slip behavior, Unstable failure, Mining-induced seismicity, Continuously yielding joint model, DEM.

scholarly journals Cooperative Behaviours with Swarm Intelligence in Multirobot Systems for Safety Inspections in Underground Terrains

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Yinka-Banjo ◽  
Isaac O. Osunmakinde ◽  
Antoine Bagula
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Ant Colony System ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Hazardous Environments ◽  
Intelligent Model

Underground mining operations are carried out in hazardous environments. To prevent disasters from occurring, as often as they do in underground mines, and to prevent safety routine checkers from disasters during safety inspection checks, multirobots are suggested to do the job of safety inspection rather than human beings and single robots. Multirobots are preferred because the inspection task will be done in the minimum amount of time. This paper proposes a cooperative behaviour for a multirobot system (MRS) to achieve a preentry safety inspection in underground terrains. A hybrid QLACS swarm intelligent model based on Q-Learning (QL) and the Ant Colony System (ACS) was proposed to achieve this cooperative behaviour in MRS. The intelligent model was developed by harnessing the strengths of both QL and ACS algorithms. The ACS optimizes the routes used for each robot while the QL algorithm enhances the cooperation between the autonomous robots. A description of a communicating variation within the QLACS model for cooperative behavioural purposes is presented. The performance of the algorithms in terms of without communication, with communication, computation time, path costs, and the number of robots used was evaluated by using a simulation approach. Simulation results show achieved cooperative behaviour between robots.

Navigation system for heading machines in potash mines

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Levin ◽  
D. S. Kormshchikov ◽  
E. G. Kuzminykh ◽  
A. M. Machеret
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Inertial Navigation ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Mine Surveying ◽  
Machine Operator

Mining operations at potash mines are carried out by heading machines. Setting of a direction and control of the movement of the machines is carried out by the mine surveyor and by the machine operator in the manual mode. The lack of automation of this process during production leads to large labor costs of the mine surveying service, while the experience of the machine operator affects accuracy of maintenance of a specified course. Currently, there are no ready-made technical products for automating the process of setting the course and controlling the movement of heading machines. This paper deals with the implementation of the navigation system for heading machines in the underground mines of Uralkali company. At the mines of Uralkali, the requirements for the accuracy of such a system are dictated by the requirements for the accuracy of mine surveying support for underground mining operations in driving new roadways. Possible ways of constructing navigation systems and the problems of their application are considered. The analysis of the existing methods shows that the most promising option for navigation of heading machines in underground mine openings are the systems based on the principles of inertial navigation. To use such systems in underground mines and to ensure the required accuracy, the technical requirements for the systems are formulated. It is shown that modern strapdown inertial navigation systems satisfy the required accuracy. On their basis, a prototype of the heading machine navigation system was developed, and its ground tests were carried out. The achieved accuracy of the system makes it possible to proceed to testing of a real heading machine in a mine. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 19-77-30008.

scholarly journals Influence of the parameters of the layer of ore being brought down on its freezing and losses during the face ore draw

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zubkov ◽  
Dmitrii Petrov ◽  
Dosanbai Bekbergenov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Cryolithic Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Broken Ore

Application of mining systems with ore caving and adjacent strata, which do not entail high expenditures on delivery of freed ore and rock pressure management, allows to considerably increase efficiency of underground mining of ore deposits in the cryolithic zone. However, their use where permafrost formations are prevalent, requires taking into account factors complicating mining operations, in particular, the congealing of broken ore in the stoping zone. In order to assess the impact of thermal and humidity conditions on the completeness of reserves recovery, a study was carried out to determine the dependence between the volume of losses of broken ore prone to congealing and the width and height of the layer being brought down. Experimental studies were conducted by physical simulation in a cryo chamber on a laboratory bench. The ore drawing was conducted in a uniform sequence at the temperature in the stoping zone of minus 5 ˚C. The final parameter to be determined the loss of ore prone to congealing, was defined as the difference between the mass of ore in the block and the mass of ore drawn. It has been established that the losses of the broken ore due to congealing increase significantly when the depth of the layer being freed decreases and the width increases. The established patterns of influence of parameters of a beaten layer on losses of ore mass will be used during development of recommendations on technology of drawing of ore mass prone to congealing in the negative thermal conditions of underground mines of a cryolithic zone.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hypocenter Relocation by Using Double Difference Method in a Deep Underground Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012099
Author(s):  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
David P. Sahara ◽  
Sri Widiyantoro ◽  
I Putu Raditya Ambara Putra ◽  
Nabiel H. Shihab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Difference Method ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Overburden Thickness ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Hypocenter Relocation ◽  
Geological Complexity

Abstract Hypocenter relocation is one of the keys to success in the analysis of seismicity induction in underground mines. Overburden thickness, topography, geological complexity, and mining activities can result in newly induced seismicity that can endanger the safety of underground mine workers. The relatively narrow underground mine area requires the most accurate hypocenter location information possible. The double-difference algorithm approach is one of the keys to overcoming this problem. The double-difference method is a relative location method that tries to minimize the residuals between the observed and calculated travel time differences for pairs of microseismic events at each station, by adjusting the differences between all pairs of events at each station repeatedly. In this study, we utilized microseismic measurement data in the deepest underground mine in Indonesia. A total of 1783 seismic events were successfully relocated. The relocation results show the rock mass stress which is illustrated by the distribution of events around the cave, especially the abutment area and underground mining tunnels.

scholarly journals Technological Solutions for Processing Closed Coal Mines by Open Pit Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 01041
Author(s):  
Vladimir Makarov ◽  
Péter Kovacs ◽  
Samuel Dagmar ◽  
Riccardo Paulman
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
Working Out

The main sources of environmental pollution are: pollution from the residual effects of working out of mine fields by underground method; pollution from secondary mining of mine fields by the open method. The pollution of the environment from the underground mining of mine fields is mainly due to the erosion of the surface of the ditches caused by collapse of the underground workings, spontaneous combustion of the remaining coal reserves and exit of poison gases SO2 and CO to the surface through the cracks from the lower horizons of the worked-out mine fields. This makes actual the research of technological possibilities of harmful emissions reducing when quarrying underground mines’ fields. The environment deterioration from conducting open pit mining operations in the underground mine fields is caused by the technological processes of quarrying (preparation of rock for excavation, excavation, transportation of rocks and coal, dumping), by the objects of the open pit infrastructure (industrial site, transport communications, trenches and other workings, coal storage and rock dumps). The main direction of eliminating the negative environmental consequences of underground mining is the localization or complete isolation of the underground mines influence’ on the surface.

Optimal location of emergency stations in underground mine networks using a multiobjective mathematical model

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Lotfian ◽  
Mehdi Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Underground Coal Mine ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
The Right

Background Every year, many mining accidents occur in underground mines all over the world resulting in the death and maiming of many miners and heavy financial losses to mining companies. Underground mining accounts for an increasing share of these events due to their special circumstances and the risks of working therein. Thus, the optimal location of emergency stations within the network of an underground mine in order to provide medical first aid and transport injured people at the right time, plays an essential role in reducing deaths and disabilities caused by accidentsObjective The main objective of this study is to determine the location of emergency stations (ES) within the network of an underground coal mine in order to minimize the outreach time for the injured.Methods A three-objective mathematical model is presented for placement of ES facility location selection and allocation of facilities to the injured in various stopes.Results Taking into account the radius of influence for each ES, the proposed model is capable to reduce the maximum time for provision of emergency services in the event of accident for each stope. In addition, the coverage or lack of coverage of each stope by any of the emergency facility is determined by means of Floyd-Warshall algorithm and graph. To solve the problem, a global criterion method using GAMS software is used to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the model.Conclusions 7 locations were selected from among 46 candidates for the establishment of emergency facilities in Tabas underground coal mine.

scholarly journals Radon in Underground Mines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushotham Tukkaraja ◽  
Rahul Bhargava ◽  
Srivatsan Jayaraman Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Decay Product ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Lung Cancer Death ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mitigation Techniques

Radon, a radioactive noble gas, is a decay product of uranium found in varying concentrations in all soils and rocks in the earth crust. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and a leading cause of lung cancer death in the USA. A study of underground miners shows that 40% of lung cancer deaths may be due to radon progeny exposure. In underground mines, radon monitoring and exposure standards help in limiting miners’ exposure to radioactivity. Radon mitigation techniques play an important role in keeping its concentration levels under permissible limits. This chapter presents a review of the radon sources and monitoring standards followed for underground mines in the USA. Also, the different radon prediction and measurement techniques employed in the underground mines and potential mitigation techniques for underground mining operations are discussed.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Risk Classification for Underground Mines / Klasyfikacja Poziomu Zagrożenia Geotechnicznego W Kopalniach Podziemnych

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Mikael Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Geotechnical Risk

Abstract Underground mining activities are prone to major hazards largely owing to geotechnical reasons. Mining combined with the confined working space and uncertain geotechnical data leads to hazards having the potential of catastrophic consequences. These incidents have the potential of causing multiple fatalities and large financial damages. Use of formal risk assessment in the past has demonstrated an important role in the prediction and prevention of accidents in risk prone industries such as petroleum, nuclear and aviation. This paper proposes a classification system for underground mining operations based on their geotechnical risk levels. The classification is done based on the type of mining method employed and the rock mass in which it is carried out. Mining methods have been classified in groups which offer similar geotechnical risk. The rock mass classification has been proposed based on bulk rock mass properties which are collected as part of the routine mine planning. This classification has been subdivided for various stages of mine planning to suit the extent of available data. Alpha-numeric coding has been proposed to identify a mining operation based on the competency of rock and risk of geotechnical failures. This alpha numeric coding has been further extended to identify mining activity under ‘Geotechnical Hazard Potential (GHP)’. GHP has been proposed to be used as a preliminary tool of risk assessment and risk ranking for a mining activity. The aim of such classification is to be used as a guideline for the justification of a formal geotechnical risk assessment.

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