scholarly journals Influence of the parameters of the layer of ore being brought down on its freezing and losses during the face ore draw

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zubkov ◽  
Dmitrii Petrov ◽  
Dosanbai Bekbergenov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Cryolithic Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Broken Ore

Application of mining systems with ore caving and adjacent strata, which do not entail high expenditures on delivery of freed ore and rock pressure management, allows to considerably increase efficiency of underground mining of ore deposits in the cryolithic zone. However, their use where permafrost formations are prevalent, requires taking into account factors complicating mining operations, in particular, the congealing of broken ore in the stoping zone. In order to assess the impact of thermal and humidity conditions on the completeness of reserves recovery, a study was carried out to determine the dependence between the volume of losses of broken ore prone to congealing and the width and height of the layer being brought down. Experimental studies were conducted by physical simulation in a cryo chamber on a laboratory bench. The ore drawing was conducted in a uniform sequence at the temperature in the stoping zone of minus 5 ˚C. The final parameter to be determined the loss of ore prone to congealing, was defined as the difference between the mass of ore in the block and the mass of ore drawn. It has been established that the losses of the broken ore due to congealing increase significantly when the depth of the layer being freed decreases and the width increases. The established patterns of influence of parameters of a beaten layer on losses of ore mass will be used during development of recommendations on technology of drawing of ore mass prone to congealing in the negative thermal conditions of underground mines of a cryolithic zone.

scholarly journals The assessment of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the current stressstrain state of rock massif of burst-hazardous ore deposits in the East of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Igor Rasskazov ◽  
Boris Saksin ◽  
Vitaly Usikov ◽  
Alexander Sidlyar
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Rock Structure ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Space Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper does a case study of endogenous deposits located in the zone of influence of convergent (converging, colliding) boundaries of tectonic plates in the zone of the continent-ocean transition, where there is increased present seismic and geodynamic activity, covers the issues of the ratio of natural and anthropogenic components of the stress-strain state (SSS) in rock massifs. It has been shown that, despite the confinement of the studied deposits to a single rock structure, as well as the proximity of their common neotectonic position, the SSS of the rock massifs containing them varies significantly. Based on a comprehensive analysis of geological and geophysical data with the use of space data about the Earth (GRACE mission data for calculation of stress fields and radar images of the Earth's surface), the kinematics of the process of modern deformation of the upper part of the Earth's crust within the studied area is specified. It is established that the peculiarity of the region is the pronounced contribution of the natural component to the general present SSS of rock massifs of impactthreatening deposits. On a real example, the possibility of a predictive assessment of SSS has been shown, which is important at the stages of designing and conducting underground mining operations in severe mining-geological and burst -hazardous conditions.

scholarly journals Geological CO2 quantified by high-temporal resolution stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.

scholarly journals Influence of structural and textural features of ores and rocks on mine dust explosion hazard during development of pyrite deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
Marina Rylnikova ◽  
Viktor Fedotenko ◽  
Natalia Mitishova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Dust Explosion ◽  
Explosion Hazard ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Dust ◽  
Mining Works ◽  
Explosive Properties

In the practice of mining works, sulfide-dust explosions often occur during underground development of pyrite ore deposits: copper-zinc, lead-zinc, copper-nickel, antimony, and others. This makes it necessary to conduct researches aimed at improvement of methods for studying the explosive properties of sulfide dust and development of industrial and environmental safety requirements for mining operations. Currently, there is no generally accepted state-approved regulatory procedure for assessment of sulfide dust explosion hazards during underground mining operations in Russia. Assessment of the type and concentration of mine sulfide dust in the underground mine atmosphere is vitally important for solving this problem. In practice, ores even with a sulfur content of less than 35% can constitute a sulfide dust explosion hazard, although mine dust with a sulfur content of less than 35% does not explode in laboratory conditions. To identify the cause of this phenomenon and develop technical solutions for ensuring safety of underground mining operations, change in the sulfur content of various mine dust fractions obtained from primary disintegration of sulfides was studied.

scholarly journals Laws of gas draining in the massif disturbed by mining operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 00047
Author(s):  
Serhii Kurnosov ◽  
Volodymyr Zerkal
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Abutment Pressure ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Rock Massif ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
The Impact

A method for calculating gas permeability of the rock massif depending on its stress-strain state is presented. By using methods of the mine experimental studies, influence of mining operations in the adjacent long walls on intensity of gas release from the previously worked-out long-pillar was determined, as well as impact of the massif stress-strain state on efficiency of the drainage boreholes. Formulas were obtained for calculating coefficients of the impact of zones with static and dynamic abutment pressure on intensity of gas draining in the previously worked-out long-pillar.

The SUPL Approach

2012 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
Michael Garrett ◽  
Mark McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Traditional Training ◽  
The Impact

A case study has been undertaken using the SUPL approach to design an occupational health and safety training platform, designated the Fires in Underground Mines Evacuation Simulator (FUMES), to support traditional training for underground mining in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the SUPL approach as a design framework. This chapter offers guidance for the design of future e-simulations using the SUPL approach as well as report on current research and evaluation on the impact of FUMES within a blended learning environment.

scholarly journals Cooperative Behaviours with Swarm Intelligence in Multirobot Systems for Safety Inspections in Underground Terrains

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Yinka-Banjo ◽  
Isaac O. Osunmakinde ◽  
Antoine Bagula
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Ant Colony System ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Hazardous Environments ◽  
Intelligent Model

Underground mining operations are carried out in hazardous environments. To prevent disasters from occurring, as often as they do in underground mines, and to prevent safety routine checkers from disasters during safety inspection checks, multirobots are suggested to do the job of safety inspection rather than human beings and single robots. Multirobots are preferred because the inspection task will be done in the minimum amount of time. This paper proposes a cooperative behaviour for a multirobot system (MRS) to achieve a preentry safety inspection in underground terrains. A hybrid QLACS swarm intelligent model based on Q-Learning (QL) and the Ant Colony System (ACS) was proposed to achieve this cooperative behaviour in MRS. The intelligent model was developed by harnessing the strengths of both QL and ACS algorithms. The ACS optimizes the routes used for each robot while the QL algorithm enhances the cooperation between the autonomous robots. A description of a communicating variation within the QLACS model for cooperative behavioural purposes is presented. The performance of the algorithms in terms of without communication, with communication, computation time, path costs, and the number of robots used was evaluated by using a simulation approach. Simulation results show achieved cooperative behaviour between robots.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of the Spatial Extent of Land Subsidence and Aquifer System Drainage Induced by Underground Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7871
Author(s):  
Artur Guzy ◽  
Agnieszka A. Malinowska
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Spatial Extent ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
The Impact

The environmental impact assessment of underground mining usually includes the direct effects of exploitation. These are damage to rock mass and land subsidence. Continuous dewatering of the aquifer system is, however, necessary to carry out underground mining operations. Consequently, the drainage of the aquifer system is observed at a regional scale. The spatial extent of the phenomenon is typically much wider than the direct impact of the exploitation. The research presented was, therefore, aimed at evaluating both the direct and the indirect effects of underground mining. Firstly, the spatial extent of land subsidence was determined based on the Knothe theory. Secondly, underground mining-induced drainage of the aquifers was modeled. The 3D finite-difference hydrogeological model was constructed based on the conventional groundwater flow theory. The values of model hydrogeological parameters were determined based on literature and empirical data. These data were also used for model calibration. Finally, the results of the calculations were compared successfully with the field data. The research results presented indicate that underground mining’s indirect effects cover a much larger area than direct effects. Thus, underground mining requires a broader environmental assessment. Our results can, therefore, pave the way for more efficient management of groundwater considering underground mining.

scholarly journals Occurrence Forms, Composition, Distribution, Origin and Potential Hazard of Natural Hydrogen–Hydrocarbon Gases in Ore Deposits of the Khibiny and Lovozero Massifs: A Review

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin A. Nivin
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Igneous Complexes ◽  
Main Component

The Khibiny and Lovozero massifs—the world’s largest alkaline massifs—contain deposits with unique reserves of phosphorus and rare metals, respectively. The reduced gas content in the rocks and, especially, the ore deposits of these massifs is unusually high for igneous complexes, thus representing both geochemical and practical interests. There are three morphological types (or occurrence forms) of the gas phase in these deposits: occluded (predominantly in vacuoles of micro-inclusions in minerals), diffusely dispersed, and free. All three morphological types have the same qualitative chemical gas composition. Methane is the main component, and molecular hydrogen (which sometimes dominates) and ethane are the subordinate constituents. Heavier methane homologs (up to and including pentanes), alkenes, helium, and rarely carbon oxide and dioxide are present in minor or trace amounts. All three morphological types of gases are irregularly distributed in space to various degrees. Free gases also show a release intensity that varies in time. The majority of researchers recognize that the origin of these gases is abiogenic and mostly related to the formation of the massifs and deposits. However, the relative time and mechanism of their generation are still debated. Emissions of combustible and explosive hydrogen–hydrocarbon gases pose hazards during the underground mining of ore deposits. Therefore, the distinctive features of gas-bearing capacity are an essential part of the mining and geological characterization of such deposits because they provide a basis for establishing and implementing special measures of the gas regime during mining operations.

scholarly journals Parametric adjustment of a junction triangle in terms of the precise construction of haulage drives in underground mines

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-538
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Ganic ◽  
Ivica Ristovic ◽  
Dragan Djordjevic ◽  
Milivoj Vulic
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Total Power Consumption ◽  
Underground Mine Workings ◽  
Parametric Adjustment ◽  
Mine Surveying ◽  
Selection Of

In total costs of ore mining, haulage participates with 30-60%; the total number of workers engaged in the transportation exceeds 35%, while the participation of transportation in the total power consumption amounts to over 40%. All these values indicate that transportation is one of the most signifi cant challenges in the underground mining of ore deposits and that haulage analysis is very important both in selecting the haulage type and its design, utilization and maintenance. In addition to various technical mining parameters, together with mining and geological conditions, haulage effi ciency depends on the selection of optimal haulage drives, which can be achieved by accurately connecting the underground mine workings with mine network points on the surface of a site. The selection of the best mine haulage routes is one the most critical tasks in mine surveying. This paper shows how to adjust a junction triangle on a working level using the parametric adjustment method.

scholarly journals Sistem Dewatering Air Panas Tambang Bawah Tanah Toguraci PT. Nusa Halmahera Minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Jimmy Bob Suroto ◽  
Ramdhan Rabbani ◽  
Anas Abdul Latif ◽  
Presentia Biserva Aesh
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Front ◽  
Drill Holes

The development of the Toguraci Underground Mine was begun in 2011 with the ore production started in 2012. The amount of water continued to increase in the Underground Mine at the beginning of 2014 which became problem that effected the activities of mining. The increase of hot water Toguraci underground mining effected to the safety for workers who are exposed to hot water, ventilation problems and equipment that are submerged in hot water. Tuguraci mine has two dewatering systems, namely dewatering systems on the surface and dewatering systems in underground mines. The handling of surface water comes from pumping underground to surface where water discharge is around 400 L / s with the temperatures ranging from 70°C while water treatment in underground mines includes decreasing water heading levels and pumping water from underground mines to the surface. The increase water entering heading development and stoping can be overcome by changing the surface dewatering system by using water cooling, while underground mining is done by changing the pipeline from the polypipe to the steel pipe and to reduce water entering the mining front is doned by drill holes for installing submersible pumps and replacing Oddesse pump to the Schlumberger pump which is more resistant to high temperature hot water, as long as mining operations take place 48 borehole drilling has been done with 11 borehole flowrate below 5 l / s and 37 borehole with flow rate above 5 l / s, and a water drop of around 77 meters

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