scholarly journals Pharmacological profile of ficus thonningii: a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-162
Author(s):  
Manisha ◽  
Ajeet Pal Singh ◽  
Amar Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ficus thonningii is an African ethnomedicine plant used to treat a number of diseases. The nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of F. thonningii in relation to its therapeutic purposes are numerous. Ficus thonningii contains alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, active proteins, and active proteins. Continue to identify, isolate, and quantify the active ingredients, as well as their medicinal purposes. Chronic toxicity, toxicology, antineoplastic effects, acute toxicity, hypoglycemic effects, antidiarrheal effects, analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidants, antifungal activity, antimicrobial effects, antiprotozoal properties etc.

scholarly journals Comparison of the acute toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and chemical composition changes in Rhizoma anemones Raddeanae caused by vinegar processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha-Sha Wang ◽  
Shao-Yan Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Yan Xie ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Yao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Background As the dry rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel, Rhizoma Anemones Raddeanae (RAR), which belongs to Ranunculaceae, is usually used to treat wind and cold symptoms, hand-foot disease and spasms, joint pain and ulcer pain in China. It is well known that the efficacy of RAR can be distinctly enhanced by processing with vinegar due to the reduced toxicity and side effects. However, the entry of vinegar into liver channels can cause a series of problems. In this paper, the differences in the acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects between RAR and vinegar-processed RAR were compared in detail. The changes in the chemical compositions between RAR and vinegar-processed RAR were investigated, and the mechanism of vinegar processing was also explored. Methods Acute toxicity experiments were used to examine the toxicity of vinegar-processed RAR. A series of studies, such as the writhing reaction, ear swelling experiment, complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced rat foot swelling experiment and cotton granuloma, in experimental mice was conducted to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of vinegar-processed RAR. The inflammatory cytokines of model rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometer Detector (LC-Q-TOF) was used to analyse the chemical compositions of the RARs before and after vinegar processing. Results Neither obvious changes in mice nor death phenomena were observed as the amount of vinegar-processed RAR in crude drug was set at 2.1 g/kg. Vinegar-processed RAR could significantly prolong the latency, reduce the writhing reaction time to reduce the severity of ear swelling and foot swelling, and remarkably inhibit the secretion of Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proinflammatory cytokines. The content of twelve saponins (e.g., Eleutheroside K) in RAR was decreased after vinegar processing, but six other types (e.g., RDA) were increased. Conclusions These results revealed that vinegar processing could not only improve the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of RAR but also reduce its own toxicity. Trial registration Not applicable.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Saponin and Iridoid Glycosides from Verbascum pterocalycinum var. mutense Hub.-Mor.

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽  
I. Irem Tatli ◽  
Zeliha S. Akdemir
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Gastric Damage ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Edema Model ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities

The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of four major compounds from the flowers of Verbascum pterocalycinum var. mutense were investigated. Saponin glycosides called ilwensisaponin A and C and iridoid glycosides known as ajugol and picroside IV were isolated from the methanolic extract. A dose-related anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive response were obtained in this study at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The results of the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity induced by carrageenan and PGE1 showed that this species possesses active constituents that could diminish the cyclooxygenase activitiy. No effects were observed in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema model. Our results support the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Verbascum pterocalycinum var. mutense. Ilwensisaponins A and C could explain in part the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of this species. Although antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ajugol and picroside IV were found insignificant in the statistical analysis, ilwensisaponin A and C showed notable activity without inducing any apparent acute toxicity as well as gastric damage.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive, Anti-inflammatory Effects and Safety of Ziziphus mistol Fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Reynoso ◽  
A. Daud ◽  
M. Belizán ◽  
A. Riera ◽  
N. Vera
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Biliary Colic ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Cotton Pellet ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae), popularly known as “mistol,” is widely distributed throughout Perú, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. Its fruit is consumed in different forms in several argentinean communities and used against biliary colic, dysentery, cold stomach and diseases of the respiratory system characterized by pain and inflammation. The present study was carried out to investigate the medicinal properties and safety of Ziziphus mistol (mistol) fruits ethanol and aqueous extracts and arrope. Antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin, acetic acid-induced writhing and tail-flick tests in rats. Anti-inflammatory effects were determined through carrageenan induced edema test and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, in rats. The safety was evaluated with test of acute toxicity (48 hours) and sub-chronic toxicity (91 days). All extracts (1,000 mg/kg b.w.) showed significant inhibition (P less than 0.05) in the three model of pain experimentally induced in comparison to control. In a combination test using naloxone, diminished analgesic activity of aqueous extract and arrope were observed, indicating that their antinociceptive activity is connected with the opioid receptors. At dose 1000 mg/kg bw, the aqueous extract and arrope showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the ethanol extract, in carrageenan and cotton pellet granuloma model used. In the acute toxicity study, a single dose of 4000 and 8000 mg/kg b.w., produced no mortality and no clinical signs of disease were observed after 48 hours. In the sub-chronic toxicity study the extracts no caused significant visible signs of toxicity, nor mortality for 91 consecutive days of treatment. Extracts and arrope of Z. mistol fruits could be good source of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agents because of its good activity and safety.

Survey for Tributyltin in Water and Sediment in Canada in 1999

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Maguire ◽  
Suzanne P. Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Small Craft

Abstract A survey of water and sediment from 152 harbours, marinas and shipping channels across Canada was conducted in 1999 to determine the extent of contamination by tributyltin (TBT) prior to the total ban on its antifouling uses being phased in over the period 2003 to 2008, and to assess the effectiveness of the 1989 regulation of antifouling uses of TBT under the Canadian Pest Control Products Act. TBT was found in sediments in this survey much more frequently than in water. The main conclusion was that by 1999 the regulation had been generally effective in reducing TBT contamination in water, but not sediment, in small-craft marinas and harbours. TBT continued to be found in some freshwater and seawater locations frequented by larger vessels, that could have been legally painted at the time with TBT antifouling paints, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. TBT was also found in many marine sediments, and some freshwater sediments, at concentrations that could cause chronic toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. In addition, TBT concentrations in many marine sediments could cause acute toxicity to sensitive benthic organisms. Because of the long persistence of TBT in sediments, it may pose a hazard to benthic organisms in some locations in Canada for many years after the total ban on antifouling uses of TBT.

Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Zagorc-Koncan
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the use of laboratory river model and mathematical modelling. The harmful impacts of pesticides on aquatic autotrophic organisms were assessed by measurement of net assimilation inhibition (24-h acute toxicity test) as well as growth inhibition - chlorophyll- a content (72-h chronic toxicity test) of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. The results obtained demonstrate that atrazine and alachlor in concentrations found in our rivers have practically no effect on biodegrading heterotrophic organisms, while their adverse effect on algae is quite considerable.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Ketoprofen in Palm Oil Esters Nanoemulsion

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakeena M. H. F. ◽  
Yam M. F. ◽  
Elrashid S. M. ◽  
Munavvar A. S. ◽  
Azmin M. N.
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals New ibuprofen derivatives with thiazolidine-4-one scaffold with improved pharmaco-toxicological profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana-Mirela Vasincu ◽  
Maria Apotrosoaei ◽  
Sandra Constantin ◽  
Maria Butnaru ◽  
Liliana Vereștiuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Thermal Nociception ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Aryl-propionic acid derivatives with ibuprofen as representative drug are very important for therapy, being recommended especially for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. On other hand 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one scaffold is an important heterocycle, which is associated with different biological effects such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antioxidant, antiviral, antiproliferative, antimicrobial etc. The present study aimed to evaluated the toxicity degree and the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of new 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one derivatives of ibuprofen. Methods For evaluation the toxicity degree, cell viability assay using MTT method and acute toxicity assay on rats were applied. The carrageenan-induced paw-edema in rat was used for evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect while for analgesic effect the tail-flick test, as thermal nociception in rats and the writhing assay, as visceral pain in mice, were used. Results The toxicological screening, in terms of cytotoxicity and toxicity degree on mice, revealed that the ibuprofen derivatives (4a-n) are non-cytotoxic at 2 μg/ml. In addition, ibuprofen derivatives reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, for most of them the maximum effect was recorded at 4 h after administration which means they have medium action latency, similar to that of ibuprofen. Moreover, for compound 4d the effect was higher than that of ibuprofen, even after 24 h of administration. The analgesic effect evaluation highlighted that 4 h showed increased pain inhibition in reference to ibuprofen in thermal (tail-flick assay) and visceral (writhing assay) nociception models. Conclusions The study revealed for ibuprofen derivatives, noted as 4 m, 4 k, 4e, 4d, a good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and also a safer profile compared with ibuprofen. These findings could suggest the promising potential use of them in the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions.

scholarly journals IL4-10 Fusion Protein Shows DMOAD Activity in a Rat Osteoarthritis Model

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110267
Author(s):  
E.M. van Helvoort ◽  
H.M. de Visser ◽  
F.P.J.G. Lafeber ◽  
K. Coeleveld ◽  
S. Versteeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Synovial Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective Ideally, disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOAD) should combine chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects in a single molecule. A fusion protein of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 (IL4-10 FP) possesses these combined effects. In this study, the DMOAD activity of rat IL4-10 FP (rIL4-10 FP) was tested in a rat model of surgically induced OA under metabolic dysregulation. Design rIL4-10 FP was produced with HEK293F cells. Bioactivity of purified rIL4-10 FP was determined in a whole blood assay. Male Wistar rats ( n = 20) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce metabolic dysregulation. After 12 weeks, OA was induced according to the Groove model. Two weeks after OA induction, rats were randomly divided into 2 groups and treated with 10 weekly, intra-articular injections of either rIL4-10 FP ( n = 10) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS; n = 10). Possible antibody formation was evaluated using ELISA, cartilage degeneration and synovial inflammation were evaluated by histology and mechanical allodynia was evaluated using the von Frey test. Results Intra-articular injections with rIL4-10 FP significantly reduced cartilage degeneration ( P = 0.042) and decreased mechanical allodynia ( P < 0.001) compared with PBS. Only mild synovial inflammation was found (nonsignificant), limiting detection of putative anti-inflammatory effects. Multiple injections of rIL4-10 FP did not induce antibodies against rIL4-10 FP. Conclusion rIL4-10 FP showed chondroprotective and analgesic activity in a rat OA model with moderate cartilage damage, mild synovial inflammation, and pain. Future studies will need to address whether less frequent intra-articular injections, for example, with formulations with increased residence time, would also lead to DMOAD activity.

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