scholarly journals The Figurative Language in the Poetic Diction of Masuri S.N. and A. Samad Said: A Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Rahimah A. Hamid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Careful Choice ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Poetic Diction ◽  
Meaning Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The beauty of a poem depends on the poet’s selection of diction to express his heart’s content. Diction is a careful assortment of the beautiful and concise words to express various matters by the poet’s mixture. The collection of words in poems is based on the relations to its meaning, sound harmony, and word sequences in a specific language manner that are crafted. The selection of diction is heavily correlated to the figurative language; an analogical language that is portrayed by the poet to beautify, heighten a certain effect and give rise to a particular connotation in his poems. A careful choice of diction by emphasizing on the use of figurative or metaphorical language will make a poem delightful, and it also endows it multiple layers of meaning. Selection of words and figurative language will be used as an approach to scrutinize the works of two famous writers from Malaysia and Singapore; who are A. Samad Said and Masuri SN. A comparative research on their poems has been carried out to see the strength and weaknesses of diction selection and the use of figurative language in their poems. Keywords: diction, figurative, effect, connotation, beauty

The Philological Endeavours of the Early Arabic Linguists: Theological Implications of the tawqīf-iṡṫilāh Antithesis and the majāz Controversy (Part II)

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Shah
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Religious Significance ◽  
Origin Of Language ◽  
Ibn Taymiyya ◽  
The Aesthetic

The concluding part of the article pursues the theoretical arguments which relate to the tawqīf-işṭilāḥ debate on the origin of language and the intricate link with the concept of majāz. The article attempts to show how the question of the origin of language was imported into the controversy relating to the resort to metaphor and figurative language in the exegesis of the Qur'an and Prophetic dicta. Moreover, there was concern in some quarters that religious doctrines were being articulated through a veneer of metaphorical language. Some theologians had, in presenting a hypothesis for the existence of tropical expressions in the idiom of Arabic, referred to the concept of işṭilāḥ to justify their arguments, whilst tawqīf al-lugha was adduced to counter such reasoning. The religious significance of the issue is highlighted by Ibn Taymiyya who advances the thesis that the evolved concept of majāz was expressly formulated at a posterior juncture in the development of the Islamic tradition. He vociferously argues that a developed concept of majāz was insidiously exploited by those with preconceived theological motives. The article shows why Ibn Taymiyya had to discard the perceived sacrosanct doctrine of tawqīfal-lugha in order to refute theoretically the concept of majāz. This also meant that for scholars of the same view as Ibn Taymiyya, the aesthetic features associated with the device of majāz were summarily disregarded. Nevertheless, a concept of majāz was explicitly endorsed as an indisputable feature of the Arabic language by a majority of scholars.

Metaphor and Analogy in Theology: A Choice between Lions and Witches, and Wardrobes?

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-717
Author(s):  
Ligita Ryliškytė
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Mystical Tradition ◽  
Theological Discourse

Through a reconsideration of metaphorical language in its relation to analogy, this essay brings into conversation the divergent currents of spirituality and theology. The author advocates a theological approach which values and appropriately employs both analogical and figurative language as the means for integrating the speculative and spiritual dimensions of theological discourse. In particular, by referring to the Christian mystical tradition, metaphor can be deployed as a creative modification of the standard triplex via of analogical predication.

scholarly journals Visual Metaphtonymy in Automobile Femvertising

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-439
Author(s):  
Sami Chatti
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Visual Rhetoric ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

In a 2017 landmark reform, Saudi authorities decided to lift the ban on women driving in this conservative society. In tribute to women's newly-gained freedom to drive, major automakers turned to Twitter to launch creative femvertising campaigns that vividly articulate the female empowering motto 'driving is feminine'. Building on the eloquence of visual rhetoric, which combines the communicative force of figurative language with the expressive potential of visual imagery, automobile advertisers resorted to visual metaphtonymy to efficiently target prospective female consumers. The selection of this visual compound, which emerges from the intricate interplay between metaphor and metonymy, allows for a dynamic interaction between the highlighting function of metonymy and the mapping role of metaphoric thought to establish informed parallels between femininity and automobility. Analysis of survey data on the likeability, complexity and effectiveness of a representative sample of four digital automobile advertisements asserts the role and value of visual metaphtontonymy in automobile femvertising.

scholarly journals The Lexicon of Public Sector Reform in New Zealand 1984 - 1994

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Katherine Jane Quigley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Selection Of

<p>This is a study of the lexical effects on New Zealand English of the legal, social and economic changes brought about by the fourth Labour government and its successor during the decade from 1984 - 1994, during which period the New Zealand public sector was radically reformed. In order to carry out this study a corpus of approximately five million written words was compiled, consisting of three parallel sets of documents from four domains of use in the public sector. Chapter One provides the rationale for scoping the study both to this particular ten-year period and to the lexis of four particular government departments, namely The Treasury and the Ministries of Social Welfare, Health and Education. A review of previous related work in the field of lexicography, and the aims and specific research questions which motivated the study, are located at the end of this first chapter. Chapter Two explains the reasons behind the selection of three particular documents for use as data sources: the Annual Reports, the annual Corporate Plans, and the triennial Briefings to the Incoming Government. This chapter also describes the methodology used to determine words for inclusion in the glossary which is located in Appendix I. The advantages and pitfalls of the Google search method are discussed, as are the approaches taken to dealing with multiword units, proper nouns, abbreviations and words of Maori origin. The construction and arrangement of the glossary are explained here, including the basis for selection of citations. In Chapter Three an overview of each ministry's dataset is given in terms of its linguistic characteristics, and the results of the study are described. The penultimate chapter catalogues the discovery of a rich vein of figurative language throughout the documents of the New Zealand Treasury, as evidenced by varied and extended metaphors used to express economic concepts. This chapter gives a brief account of metaphor theory and discusses the methodology used for identification of metaphors in the dataset. The fifth and final chapter of this study sums up the overall findings and points the way towards useful future research in this field. A major part of this study consists of the aforementioned lexicon in Appendix I of New Zealand-specific words from these domains and their illustrative citations. This lexicon is a record of the NZE words used in a particular dataset in the public sector of New Zealand. It amounts to approximately 260 entries supported by 660 citations, which were collected via an exhaustive data search of three types of government document over one decade. These terms are not new in the sense that they first appeared in NZE during the decade of this study, but approximately two-thirds of them are new in the sense that they do not appear in any dictionary of English. This collection of terms constitutes a cultural and historical archive, which records the distinctive identity of New Zealand's public sector as it underwent a revolutionary era of profound political and economic change.</p>

scholarly journals Kalimat Metaforis Sebagai Sarana Estetika dalam Lirik Lagu nDangdut

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hermintoyo
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Poetic Diction

Abstract In providing an aesthetic element, the lyricist will express it through poetic diction. In the hands of creative lyric writers, a figurative language will emerge. Metaphorical lyrics understanding does not have to have the same meaning that is written. Poetic language / poetic lyrics, the words can mean the meaning depends on the listener's understanding. Even so in the song nDangdut. In general, the song Dangdut tends to have a theme of love compared to other themes. This article discusses metaphorical diction as an aesthetic means. Meaning of metaphorical diction using hermeneutical reading. Keywords: diction, metaphor, hermeunetic, lyrics, dangdut

Repeat Litigators and Agenda Setting on the Supreme Court of Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy B. Flemming ◽  
Glen S. Krutz
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
High Courts ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Selection Of

The expanding public policy role of high courts heightens concerns over whether societal and political inequalities affect the outcomes of litigation. However, comparative research on this question is limited. This article assesses whether status inequalities between parties and differences in the experience and resources of attorneys influence the selection of cases for judicial review in the Supreme Court of Canada. A series of statistical models reveal that governments are more likely than other parties to influence whether leave is granted but that the experience and resources of lawyers, unlike in the United States, have little impact. The decentralized, low volume and high access features of the Canadian process may explain this finding.

scholarly journals Problems of Regional Participatory Budgeting Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Vera V. Levina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Planning Optimization ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Ambiguous Effect ◽  
Regional Budgets ◽  
Selection Of

This paper discusses the various aspects of participatory budgeting as a regional practice. Using Tula region as the example, the author analyzes the problems associated with the selection of projects, the involvement of residents in the process of preparing projects, and the organization of financing. The study has mainly used general scientific methods of systems-structural and structural-functional analysis as well as comparative research. It is established that the consolidation of the participants’ interests is a prerequisite for the preparation and selection of a larger number of participatory projects. Reasons for the prevalence of educational projects and the institutional mechanisms of their preparation are shown. In addition, the article addresses the role of the residents’ interest in the implementation of projects as an intermediate link between their awareness and involvement. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that involvement management and budget planning optimization have a multidirectional effect on the modernization of proactive budgeting mechanisms. As a result, significant amounts of subsidies from regional budgets have been found to have an ambiguous effect on the efficiency of involving residents in the processes of proactive budgeting. Recommendations for improving regional practices of participatory budgeting are formulated; these include control of the number of participants in the preparation of projects and voting, more attention to mechanisms for coordinating the interests of participants in proactive budgeting, and modernization of the mechanism for distributing subsidies. The article proposes the optimal balance of citizen involvement in participatory budgeting and co-financing of their initiatives from municipal and regional budgets.

scholarly journals The Poetic Bliss of the Re-described Reality: Wallace Stevens: Poetry, Philosophy, and the Figurative Language

Text Matters ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 423-432
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Hołda
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Wallace Stevens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Distinction ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
The One

The article addresses the issue of the intimate but troublesome liaison between philosophy and literature—referred to in scholarship as “the ancient quarrel between poets and philosophers.” Its aim is double-fold. First, it traces the interweaving paths of philosophical and literary discourse on the example of Wallace Stevens’s oeuvre. It demonstrates that this great American modernist advocates a clear distinction between poetry and philosophy on the one hand, but draws on and dramatizes philosophical ideas in his poems on the other. The vexing character of his poetic works exemplifies the convoluted and inescapable connections between philosophy and poetry. Second, it discusses various approaches to metaphor, highlighting Stevens’s inimitable take on it. The diverse ways of tackling metaphorical language cognize metaphor’s re-descriptive and reconfiguring character. They embrace e.g., Stevens’s concept of metaphor as metamorphosis, or as “resemblance rather than imitation.” The to date interpretations of Stevens’s poetry in the light of a whole host of philosophies yield important insights into the meaningful interconnections between poetry and philosophy. However, rather than offering another interpretation of his poems from a given philosophical angle, the versatile voices presented here interrogate what poetry consists in.

scholarly journals Revitalizing Local Wisdom in Balinese Simile: An Effort to Enhance Balinese Youth Character

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Kardana ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Adi Rajistha ◽  
Made Sri Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Language Needs ◽  
Local Languages

The moral message in local languages is often referred to as local wisdom. Local wisdom plays a very important role in people's lives since it is used as a means and basis for solving their encountered various problems. As one of the big local languages in Indonesia, the Balinese language contains many figurative languages that are rich in local wisdom values. The values have proven to be a shield to protect the Balinese people and their culture from the globalization attack. For this reason, local wisdom found in Balinese figurative language needs to be revitalized to be understood and implemented by the younger generation of Bali. One of the figurative languages studied in this study is the simile. Similes of the Balinese language are studied by combining three approaches, namely ecolinguistic, pragmatic, and cultural approaches, to reach detailed analysis results. Simile as part of a metaphor is an expression or discourse conveyed by the speaker indirectly to the interlocutor with certain aims and objectives. The ecolinguistic approach examines the form, function, and meaning or ideology contained in metaphorical language. Meanwhile, a pragmatic approach and a cultural approach are used to assist the ecolinguistic approach in uncovering the functions of figurative language in society and explaining the meaning or ideology existing in Balinese society. The values were reviewed for relevance to the current people's lives contaminated by information technology and tourism development.

scholarly journals Metaphorical language processing and amygdala activation in L1 and L2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Citron ◽  
Nora Michaelis ◽  
Adele Eva Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Metaphorical Language ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
Psycholinguistic Variables ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Increased Activity

The present study aims to investigate the neural correlates of processing conventional figurative language in non-native speakers in a comparison with native speakers. Italian proficient L2 learners of German and German native speakers read conventional metaphorical statements as well as literal paraphrases that were comparable on a range of psycholinguistic variables. Results confirm previous findings that native speakers show increased activity for metaphorical processing, and left amygdala activation increases with increasing Metaphoricity. At the whole-brain level, L2 learners showed the expected overall differences in activation when compared to native speakers (in the fronto-temporal network). But L2 speakers did not show any distinctive activation outside the caudate nucleus as Metaphoricity increased, suggesting that the L2 speakers were less affected by increasing Metaphoricity than native speakers were. With small volume correction, only a single peak in the amygdala reached threshold for L2 speakers as Metaphoricity increased. The findings are consistent with the view that metaphorical language is more engaging for native speakers but not necessarily for L2 speakers.

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