scholarly journals Inter-Industry Structural Convergence of Bulgaria’s Economy to the Eurozone

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Output Structure ◽  
Convergence Process ◽  
Before And After

The article presents an analysis of the inter-industry structural convergence process of Bulgaria’s economy to the Eurozone for the 2000–2018 period. In order to study the specific characteristics of the process, the article explores the dynamics of the relative shares of separate industries (economic activities) in gross value added and compares them to the reference economy, along with possible explanations and implications. The divergence index is employed as a quantitative measure of the degree of structural similarity, and comparisons to other EU economies with similar characteristics are made as well. Results indicate that the output structure of Bulgaria’s economy is slowly converging towards the Eurozone throughout the period despite some variation in developments before and after the 2009 recession.

scholarly journals The Shift-Share Method: An Instrument for Analyzing the Dynamics of Industry Structure of the Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Т. Ye. Trubnik ◽  
О. К. Mazurenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Bank System ◽  
The Impact

The socio-economic events of the latest years and uncertainties in the vectors of development of the economic environment cause the need for robust statistical assessment. An important area of studies of the modern economy is determining the type of economic growth. The shift-share method is applied to determine the effect of the impact of national, industrial and regional factors on the dynamics of economic growth. The shares of effects (effects of the impact) caused by national economy trends, industry mix and region-specific factors are identified and analyzed. The position of economic activities in the industry mix of the Kyiv economy is analyzed and assessed by indicators of gross value added and number of employees with consideration to three components. The impact of each of them caused by the national factors, the established industry mix of the national economy and the internal competitiveness of a specific industry of the region are characterized. Factor decomposition of the change in the indicators caused by the national component, industry-specific and region-specific effects reveals that the overall growth in the gross value added by economic activity in Kyiv is to a large extent conditional on the effective industry policy and to the least extent on regional factors. However, the employment reduction in the Ukrainian capital was caused by the impact of national and industry factors, and was not compensated by the positive local effect. It is revealed that the stable flagship position is taken by financial and insurance activities, in spite of recent reforms in the bank sector with cleansing the bank system from ineffective and nontransparent entities. Kyiv remains to be the core center for concentration of financial services. The progressive growth in the construction market meets the needs of the megalopolis with its increasing population. The residents’ desire to expand the dwelling size and improve the living conditions helps improve business climate in the construction sector, increase its growth rates and share in the gross regional product (indirectly, through the gross value added).       The section “Information and telecommunications” stands steadily on the top positions. Its rapid development, as a signal of the digital economy, enables for momentary exchanges of information and services on the domestic and external market, thus creating favorable prospects.   The analysis of the composition of the problem group and the outsider group among the economic activities reveals the stable presence of manufacturing and social industries. Enterprises of the sections “Manufacturing”, “Supply of electricity, gas, steam and conditioned air”, “Supply of water, sanitation, treatment of wastes” have a stock of problems and system drawbacks; they suffer from lack of investment and innovation, they have no strong orientation on the challenges of modernity and market needs, which weakens the positions of the Ukrainian capitals’ economy as the industrial center. It is proposed to use the graphic method for illustrating the distribution of economic activities in Kyiv by quality characteristics of operation. The factors accelerating or hampering the development of economic activities in the region are determined. Recommendations on management decisions related with future operation of industries referred to as “leaders”, “regulars”, problematic industries and outsiders are given.

The Russian Tax System: A View from the Inside

2012 ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
S. Sayfieva
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
System A ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Control Net ◽  
Over Time

The article considers the tax potential of the composition of GDP by type of primary incomes in 2000—2010 by main economic activities and branches of industry. The analysis has shown that the components of GDP, which decline (net income), comprise the basis of the tax system; meanwhile the proportion of the components, hardly covered by taxation (hidden salary), or those, which taxation is difficult to control (net mixed income), increases. The author comes to the conclusion that the proportion of the industry tax burden and the share of gross value added in GDP should be balanced. Otherwise, the tax system becomes ineffective. The analysis of the structure of industry tax revenues over time suggests a high differentiation of taxes on economic activities and industries.

scholarly journals Optimisation of the relationship between structural parameters of the processing industry as a way to increase its efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Luybomyr Sozanskyy ◽  
Ryszard Pukała
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Output Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIndustry, which on average accounts for about 60% of commodity exports in the EU-28, with over 58% resulting from the processing industry, plays a key role in ensuring the competitiveness of EU countries. The article aims to simulate the influence of structural processing industry parameters on the industry's efficiency. Correlation methods and the regression analysis were used to substantiate the hypotheses regarding the effect that the share comprised of high-tech and medium-high-tech industries has on the output structure, and the impact made by the share of imports in the intermediate consumption of those industries on the efficiency (the share of gross value added (GVA) in output) of the processing industry. Based on the criteria indicating the increased technological level and reduced import dependence, economic and mathematical models of optimisation were created for the output structure and intermediate consumption of the processing industry, which were then solved using the linear programming method. The authors present the mathematical proof of the relationship between the change in structural parameters (shares of high-tech and medium-tech industries and the share of imports in the structure of their intermediate consumption) of the processing industry and the ratio of the gross value added/output. The results of the simulation, which were based on data from the European Statistical Office and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, provide an analytical basis for selecting industrial policy benchmarks.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES’ CLUSTERS IN GROSS VALUE ADDED GENERATION IN THE BALTIC STATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 401-412
Author(s):  
Rima RubÄŤinskaitÄ— ◽  
GindrutÄ— KasnauskienÄ—
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

: Economic globalization affects regional development through different economic value creation chains. The structure of regional economic activities’ groups and size of clusters could also influence the structure and size of gross value added in a particular region. This paper examines the impact of the main labor force indicators on the generated gross value added in diverse economic activities in the Baltic States and the neighbor regions of Finland and Poland in the period of 2000-2013 according to Eurostat data. The research has shown that the structure of economic activities clusters in the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) significantly differs from the neighboring regions of Poland and Finland. We also found that the labour force input has a significant impact on the following economic activities’ clusters in the Baltic States: “Industry (except construction)”, “Wholesale and retail trade, transport, accommodation and food service activities”, “Construction”, “Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities”, “Financial and insurance activities”, “Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities; activities of household and extra-territorial organisations and bodies”. The impact of the labor force on generated gross value added differs in diverse economic activities. The authors believe that the results of this study could be useful for policy makers in building more progressive national and regional economic development strategies.

Long-term relationship estimation and coupling/decoupling analysis between motorway traffic and Gross Value Added. Specification of an ARDL cointegration approach and application to the Italian case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Andrea Pompigna ◽  
Raffaele Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Bound Test

As transportation is an activity derived from spatial complementarities between a certain supply at an origin and a certain demand at a destination, according to a general axiom it seems that economic activities entail transport de-mand. In this perspective, an essential analysis deals with the quantification of the relationships between transport demand and certain socioeconomic variables. Elasticity is a concept widely used in transport economics as a measure of the responsiveness of transport demand concerning different factors represented as independent variables in an econometric model and coupling/decoupling concepts have been proposed in literature. This paper deals with the estimation of elasticities of motorway traffic demand based on Gross Value Added (GVA), and the consequent investiga-tion of coupling/decoupling situation. The analysis is based on the application of an Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model with the F-bound test and of the related Error Correction model. Starting from the general ARDL model and the methodology for the verification of its robustness, the same model is applied to the Italian toll road network. The time series of GVA for goods and services and the overall length of the toll network from 1995 to 2019 are considered as explanatory variables of the total annual distance traveled by light and heavy vehicles. The various tests in the ARDL framework show a cointegration between the variables, under the fulfillment of all the diag-nostic requirements. In this way, the long-term elasticities and the short-term adjustment dynamics are estimated sepa-rately for the goods and services components of GVA, and light and heavy vehicles. Starting from stable estimates of elasticities, the long-term coupling and decoupling effects between motorway traffic of light and heavy vehicles and the national production of goods and services can be shown. The paper, as well as providing an updated picture of the Italian situation, identifies a methodological framework that can be transferred to other contexts for a sector of great interest to investors, such as the motorway sector. All this can be useful to meet the needs of numerous stakeholders, who want to deepen the links between the economic cycle and traffic demand on toll motorways.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

Estimation of economic specialization of Ukrainian regions in the context of global trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Economic Specialization

The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.

scholarly journals The Influence of Tax Education on Obeying Tax Liability: A Statistical Methods and Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Tizazu Toma Shamana ◽  
Woldeselassie Azige Alito
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cost ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tax Education ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Wolaita Sodo

Backgrounds: In Ethiopia, taxpayers are categorized as small, medium or large depending on their business turnover or levels of income. Irrespective of one's category, taxpayers in Ethiopia, particularly Wolaita Sodo town are required to comply with VAT, TOT, Income Tax, Withholding Taxes and Customs duties in equal measure. Taxpayers will readily accept any new system introduced if they have ample knowledge to understand the system. Thus, education programs organized by custom and duty authority or public education institutions are required to enhance taxpayers' ability to understand the importance of tax on country's economic development and to increase their confidence in fulfilling their responsibilities as taxpayers. By considering the above issues, the researcher interested to investigate the influence of tax education on tax compliance attitude of taxpayers by conducting an experiment on the taxpayer in Wolaita Sodo town. The general objective of the study was to investigate the influence of tax education on tax compliance in Wolaita Sodo town. Methods: The target population for the survey study was actual taxpayers who are subject for business income tax. Only unincorporated business taxpayers in Wolaiata Sodo town are used as participants in the survey study. The target total population is 11,278 business income taxpayers as of July 2017 which is categorized under A, B and C. Only 160 taxpayers were selected by using simple random sampling from Wolaiata Sodo town. Questions regarding employment income, business income, turn over tax, and excise and value-added taxes are asked. Respondents are also asked to state whether the direct cost of producing the income, such as the direct cost of manufacturing, purchasing and selling costs shall be deductible from gross income in calculating taxable business income. Before and after the experiment (tax education) respondents were asked to check whether they know basic taxation rules. And their marks scored for the 7 basic questions after and before tax education out of 50 marks are recorded. Results: Majority of the respondents after attending the tax course scored high value regarding the tax knowledge. There is a great difference between the tax compliance attitude of these respondents before and after attending the tax course. Before attending the tax course, majority of respondents showed the plan of not complying with tax laws. But after attending the tax course, the majority of the respondents proves the identification of taxable and non-taxable income types. Generally, it resulted that the tax knowledge of respondents is improved after attending the tax course.

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