scholarly journals Institutional Convergence of Bulgaria to the Eurozone Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-75
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Institutional Convergence ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Eu

Institutions are one of the main factors for the economic growth and development of any economy. And insofar as development is defined as a set of economic and institutional factors, the reduction of differences in the development of individual countries and regions naturally leads us to the institutional convergence, which is the object of study. When researching the convergence of Bulgaria to the EU countries and more closely to the Eurozone, many questions arise about whether there is institutional convergence and how it can be revealed. This is the subject of analysis presented in the study. The thesis presented here is that it is possible to consider institutional convergence for Bulgaria with the countries of the Euro zone, represented by qualitative and quantitative indicators, which, however, is unstable. The methodology is based on the understanding of institutional convergence as the converging of economic and political institutions, and given the fact that they are different for each of the economies; a comparative analysis is used to study the convergence as a whole. For this purpose, the analysis of institutional quality and comparative analysis uses the main indicators of the World Bank – Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) and Ease of Doing Business Indicator. The results of the pre-selected criteria give grounds to find those of the observed indicators, which reveal improvement and respectively converging in the direction of institutional convergence of Bulgaria with the countries from the EU area.

A comparative analysis of the lay-friendliness of Danish EU patient information leaflets from 2000 to 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Askehave ◽  
Karen Korning Zethsen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Patient Information Leaflet ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Information Leaflet ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Patient Information Leaflets ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

Since becoming mandatory in the EU in 1992, the patient information leaflet (PIL) has been the subject of an on-going discussion regarding its ability to provide easily understandable information. This study examines whether the lay-friendliness of Danish PILs has improved from 2000 to 2012 according to the Danish consumers. A reproduction of a questionnaire study from 2000 was carried out. The responses of the 2012 survey were compared to those of the 2000 survey and the analysis showed that Danes are less inclined to read the PIL in 2012 compared to 2000 and that the general interest in PILs has decreased. The number of respondents who deem the PIL easy to read has gone down. According to Danish consumers, the lay-friendliness of PILs has not improved from 2000 to 2012 and a very likely explanation could be that the PIL as a genre has become far too regulated and complex to live up to its original intentions. On the basis of the empirical results the article furthermore offers suggestions for practice changes.

scholarly journals The relationship between government, market and enterprises in Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Dao Thi Thieu Ha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Freedom Index ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This article analyses the reality relationship among government, market and enterprises in Vietnam in the period of 1996-2012. We find out that: (i) the effectiveness of government indicators such as ease of doing business index, the economic freedom index, the government effectiveness indicators (belong to the governance indicators) improved considerably overtime but have not reached the average level of the world; (ii) the relationship between government and enterprises has not been clear-cut. As a result, though many reforms have been conducted, state owned enterprises still take up a high percentage in many industries and enjoy multiple preferential polices while operate inefficiently. This articles also points out the reasons of the situation and gives some recommendations for solving those problems.

scholarly journals Not Just Business as Usual in the EU: A Comprehensive Analysis of Immigration and Tax Issues Related to Business Trips in 17 Schengen Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Marco Mazzeschi ◽  
Clayton E. Cartwright Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Work Permit ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Eu ◽  
International Companies

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of doing business in the European Union’s Schengen Bloc vis-à-vis working in the Schengen Bloc. Through a critical review of what may constitute business activities vs. work in all 17 Schengen member states, the article establishes how international companies can minimize unintentional exposure to immigration noncompliance as well as possible tax liabilities. As the article observes, there is a general absence of a standard EU legal definition of ‘work’ vs. ‘business activities’ that international companies can apply when sending employees for business purposes to the Schengen Bloc. In the absence of specific criteria, the article outlines what characterizes business activities in 17 Schengen countries and then several international standards, which concerned parties can use a reference point. By examining various sources including EU, OECD and ILO frameworks, the article’s research indicates general terms of reference in distinguishing business activities from work, and how that distinction confers the need for a business visa or a work permit in the European Union’s Schengen Bloc.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF DATABASE MANUFACTURERS’ PROTECTION OF RIGHTS IN THE CROATIAN AND SERBIAN LAWS

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Nadežda Ljubojev ◽  
Marijana Dukić Mijatović
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyzes the right of a database manufacturer which is the exclusive right that authorizes its holder to prohibit or permit another to use a particular database, i.e. the collection of regulated and systematized data, copyright works or other materials that are available electronically or otherwise. However, the database can be a collection in terms of the copyright of the collection, so it also represents the content of the analysis in this paper. The subject of comparative analysis are the provisions of the current regulations in the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia, and determining their compliance with the Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases. The analysis used a historical legal and normative legal method. Based on the analysis, the authors point out that the adopted solutions for the protection of databases in the EU greatly influenced the adoption of the corresponding regulations in the Republic of Serbia, concluding that the regulations governing this area in the Republic of Serbia are almost completely aligned with the EU regulations.

scholarly journals Tax-based forms of state aid in Poland as compared to other EU states

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Marcin Spychała ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents the structure of state aid in Poland as compared with other EU member states, with an emphasis on tax instruments. Tax preferences are a significant form of state aid in Poland, and their importance in the structure of state aid provided differs across the EU states. The added value of the paper is to provide current knowledge concerning the sources of tax-based forms of state aid. The theoretical aspects of state aid are discussed and the tax-based forms of state aid in Poland presented. The empirical research was based on the following research methods: descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis and comparative analysis. The statistical data has been drawn from the Consumer Protection Offices on state aid granted to Poland, the latter data being transferred to the European Commission and forming the basis for the EU papers for the State Aid Scoreboard available in the Eurostat database. Tax preferences are a significant form of state aid granted in Poland, as they constitute the second most important (after grants) form of state aid, in terms of their financial value. The importance of state aid in the form of tax-based instruments differs across the EU states. In most of them tax preferences are the second most important, in terms of financial value, form of state aid. However, their share within the structure of the aid is to a large extent varied. The subject matter of state aid, including particularly its tax-based forms, seems to be especially intriguing as well as significant in contemporary tax studies.

scholarly journals The Role of the Marshal of the Voivodship in the Protection of Travellers in the Event of the Insolvency of Tour Operators and Related Tourist Services

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
Tomasz Brzezicki ◽  
Dorota Sylwestrzak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Eu

The authors briefly present the issues of the protection of travellers in case of the insolvency of tour operators and related tourist services. The reflections are primarily focused on the analysis of the tasks of the Marshal of the Voivodship in this respect and their legal nature. The subject of the study is primarily to present the current legal status, the position of the judiciary, and a legal and comparative analysis of the EU regulations with Polish regulations. The analysis is carried out from the perspective of the legitimacy of entrusting these tasks to the Marshal of the Voivodship, and consequently ensuring the effective protection of travellers. The article uses the theoretical-dogmatic, historical, and legal-comparative method. The reflections are based on a comparison of selected institutions of law functioning in the system of Polish law and legal solutions in force in the EU law.

scholarly journals Resource-Efficient Growth In The EU's Sustainable Development – A Comparative Analysis Based On Selected Indicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

This article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of resource efficiency in the use of natural resources for economic growth consistent with the principles of sustainable development in EU countries. To realize this objective, a review of the literature and EU strategic documents concerning the subject under study is presented. The comparative analysis has been prepared on the basis of international statistical data (Eurostat, EEA) for EU countries from the years 2002–2013. The analysis covers the following indicators: resource productivity, water exploitation index, water productivity, generation of waste, and the landfill and recycling rate. The results show that in general terms the efficiency of resource use in the EU is gradually improving, but only to a small extent. With regard to individual countries this process shows significant diversity, and is closely associated with the level of economic development of a particular country. In some individual countries, this resource efficiency is at a very low level, which is the case with several countries of Eastern and Central Europe.

RECRUITMENT PROCESS IN NIGERIA PUBLIC SECTOR: LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-422
Author(s):  
Isaiah OBOH, Hieu Minh VU, Chijioke NWACHUKWU
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
External Interference ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance

Lack of objectivity in the recruitment process could hamper viability, trust, and ease of doing business with the Nigerian public sector. This paper reviews literature on recruitment process and performance, particularly in the public sector. While empirical studies have revealed that, proper recruitment process can lead to the hiring of skilled employees and increase the performance of both employee and the organization. We observe that there are few empirically studies on the subject in the Nigerian public sector. The authors recommend that politicians, business leaders, religious and other elites, should allow, departments, agencies saddle with the responsibility of recruitment to do their job without internal or external interference.

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