scholarly journals The Gills Area of Two Species of Marine Water Crabs: The Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758), and the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 from the North- West Arabian Gulf and Shatt Al-Arab River , Iraq.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 292-301
Author(s):  
Intisar M.A. Jabbar ◽  
Salah M. Najim ◽  
Entesar N. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gill Surface Area

The present study was conducted on the gills structure and the gill surface area of 40 individuals of the Blue swimming crabs, Portunus pelagicus, and 40 Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis, specimens of the species were collected from the  different regions of Shatt Al- Arab and North-west Arabian gulf. Both species were having eight phyllobranchiatesas of the same structure but different in length and surface area. The second gill in P. pelagicus shows major difference in shape from the other gills with missing platelets from one side of the filament. The results showed there were positive relationships between dry body weight with gill surface area, total number of platelets and number of platelets surface area in each gill. The gill surface area had no significant difference (p>0.05) with dry weight in the two species.

scholarly journals La zone canadienne des 200 milles dans l’Atlantique, un exemple de la nouvelle géographie politique des océans

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
André-Louis Sanguin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Political Geography ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The Political ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Economic Zone

Following upon the Third Conference on the Law of the Sea begun in 1973, the principal maritime States of the world assumed exclusive national jurisdiction over a 12- mile zone extending from their coastlines and a 188-mile economic zone beyond territorial waters. Together they constitute the more familiarly referred to « 200-mile zone ». This new practice radically changed the political geography of the oceans, lessened the area within which the freedom of the seas exists, diminished by more than a third the surface area of the high seas and dealt a heavy blow to the fishing xpeditions of foreign trawlers. Canada is one of the principal users and one of the most vigourous defenders of the 200-mile principle for geographical reasons as much as for economic or political ones. The excessive exploitation of the seabed has been felt to be a threat for a portion of the population of the Eastern part of Canada. A firm policy criticized for being somewhat unilateral has enabled Canada to eliminate foreign fleets from its 200-mile zone. Over a period of 30 years the International Commission for North-West Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) attempted to introduce a positive international cooperation in order to eliminate the anarchic excessive exploitation. It was replaced in 1979 by the North-West Atlantic Fisheries Organization. A major dispute exists between France and Canada with respect to the delimitation of the economic zone of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, French land since 1604. More generally, the question is posed as to how long the 200-mile principle will prevail in this new political geography of the oceans.

Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus, levels on salmon returning to the west coast of Ireland, 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Copley ◽  
T.D. Tierney ◽  
F. Kane ◽  
O. Naughton ◽  
S. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Female ◽  
Cephalothorax Length

Mobile lice levels of two species of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus, were examined on two samples of Atlantic salmon from the west coast of Ireland. The samples examined were taken two weeks apart from salmon caught by drift net in June 2003 at two different locations off the west coast of Ireland, one in the north-west and one in the west. Both samples of salmon caught were comparable in terms of numbers of total lice counted. No significant differences in male, female and ovigerous L. salmonis levels between the two samples were recorded, however, a significant difference was recorded between juvenile L. salmonis levels. Morphometric comparisons of male and ovigerous L. salmonis examined for each of the two salmon samples examined revealed some differences. There was a significant difference in male L. salmonis in terms of cephalothorax length between the samples. In the females significant differences were found between cephalothorax length, overall total length and egg length. Significant positive correlations within samples were also observed, between total female body length and both total egg number and egg string length in one of the samples examined.

scholarly journals Content of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs) in soils of the North-West region of Russia formed on three types of soil forming rocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09018
Author(s):  
Elena Mingareeva ◽  
Boris Aparin ◽  
Elena Sukhacheva ◽  
Natalia Sanzharova ◽  
Evgeny Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parent Rocks

The results of a study of the content of natural radionuclides (NR) (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) and technogenic 137Cs in soil samples formed on the most common types of soil-forming rocks of the North-West: lakeglacial (non-boulder and tape clay), glacial and water-glacial deposits are presented. Soil sections laid in the Pskov, Novgorod and Leningrad regions. The granulometric composition in the upper part of the soil profile is lighter than in the parent rock. This is reflected in the NR content in the profile of these soils: with a decrease in the fractions of physical clay and silt, the content of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K decreases. This is due to the fixation of natural radionuclides by secondary clay minerals. According to the increase in the average specific activity of all NRs, the soils form the following sequence: soils on water-glacial deposits soils on moraines - soils on lake-glacial deposits. A comparison of the average specific activity of natural radionuclides and their ranges in the upper part of the soil (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) and in the parent rock (90-100 cm) revealed a higher content of radionuclides in parent rocks (lake-glacial and moraine deposits). In the soils on water-glacial deposits, no significant difference was found.

Gill ATPase Activities and Microstructures of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, Exposed to Ambient Mercury

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1543-1548
Author(s):  
Yan Min Zhao ◽  
Xin Hua Wang ◽  
Yan Wen Qin ◽  
Bing Hui Zheng ◽  
Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Chinese Mitten Crab ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Significant Difference

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ambient mercury (Hg2+) on gill Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, and gill microstructure of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Crabs were exposed to ambient 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg/l Hg2+, and sampled on the days of 1, 7, 14 and 30 respectively. The results showed that both ambient Hg2+ concentrations and exposure time had significant effects on both gill Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of E. sinensis, which showed the tendency to decrease with ambient mercury concentration increasing and exposure time prolonging. While for crabs exposed to 0.01 mg/l Hg2+, no significant difference was observed when compared with the control. Significant interaction between ambient Hg2+ and exposure time on these two ATPases activities was also observed with the lowest values found in crabs exposed to 0.30 mg/l Hg2+ for 30 days. The anterior gill microstructure analysis of E. sinensis exposed to different ambient Hg2+ for 30 days showed that mercury could alter the gill microstructures of E. sinensis. However, there was no significantly structure change appeared in crabs exposed to 0.01 mg/l Hg2+. Combined, these results indicated that though ambient Hg2+ could lead to significant decrease of both gill Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, and could destroy the gill microstructures, the crab of E. sinensis could acclimate to low Hg2+ contamination less than 0.01mg/l.

scholarly journals Dietary Analysis Based on 18S rDNA, and Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes in Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis Crabs Reared Under Three Feeding Modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Lu ◽  
Yunfei Sun ◽  
Changlun Xiao ◽  
Yongxu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Significant Difference

To investigate the growth and feeding conditions of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis under different feeding modes: traditional (mainly consisting of wheat, bran, and soybean meal), formulated, and mixed feeds (1:1 mixture of traditional and formulated feeds) were fed in different crab breeding ponds in this study. During the experiment, the stomach contents of juvenile crabs under the different feeding modes were collected. The main potential eukaryotic food components were studied using 18S ribosomal DNA sequencing, and the contribution of different feeding modes to the feeding source of juvenile crabs were analyzed using C and N stable isotopes. The terminal weight and weight gain rate of crabs under the formulated feeding mode were significantly higher than those in the traditional and mixed feeding modes (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the diversity and abundance of the main potential eukaryotic feed components of male and female crabs under different feeding modes (P > 0.05). Thirty-four phyla, composed mainly of benthic organisms, were identified, with Arthropoda (mainly including Malacostraca, 30.25–51.48%), Phragmoplastophyta (mainly including Embryophyta and Trebouxiophyceae, 5.08–24.74%), and Diatomea (3.13–8.43%) being the most abundant. The δ13C and δ15N values of the feeding sources and muscle of crabs ranged from −34.45 to −22.21‰, and from 0.27 to 5.66‰, respectively, varying greatly among the three feeding modes and δ15N value of muscle under formulated feeding mode was significantly higher than that in traditional feeding mode (P < 0.05). The proportion of particulate organic matter (11.92–17.50%) is similar to Alternanthera philoxeroides (11.24–16.03%) in three feeding modes. There was no significant difference in feeding habits between male and female crabs under the same and different feeding modes. Juvenile crabs feed on both plant- and animal-based feeds in an aquaculture pond, but they are not complete predators and selectively feed on animal or plant feeds as supplements of that which is deficient, in addition to their main feed.

Feeding history affects the crabseed quality and subsequent culture performance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Brachyura, Varunidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Jiang ◽  
Yuhong Yang ◽  
Yongxu Cheng ◽  
Xugan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Chinese Mitten Crab ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Mitten Crab ◽  
Trash Fish ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Traditional Diets

Abstract A 6-month feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the hepatopancreas colour, proximate composition, antioxidant capacity, pathogen resistance and growth performance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 fed either formulated diets (FD), traditional diets (TD) or a mixture feeding of traditional diets and frozen trash fish (TF). The results showed that: (1) The hepatopancreas redness (a*) in the FD treatment was significantly higher than that in the other two treatments (). (2) The significantly higher activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed in the hepatopancreas in the FD treatment, while a significantly higher content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the haemolymph in the TF treatment (). (3) FD and TD treatment, respectively, had the lowest and the highest mortality after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophila. (4) Females in the FD treatment had a significantly shorter intermoult period in the indoor culture experiment (), no significant difference was observed in weight gain rate, specific growth rate, or survival. In conclusion, formulated diets could enhance the crabseed quality of E. sinensis compared to traditional diets or trash fish.

scholarly journals Major cardiothoracic trauma: Eleven-year review of outcomes in the North West of England

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khorsandi ◽  
C Skouras ◽  
S Prasad ◽  
R Shah
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
North West ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction Up to 15% of patients with cardiothoracic trauma require emergency surgery, and death can be prevented in a substantial proportion of this group. UK reports have emphasised the need for improvement in this field. We assessed major cardiothoracic trauma (MCT) outcomes in North West England over 11 years. Methods The database from the Trauma Audit and Research Network was used to retrieve data for all patients who had suffered MCT between 2000 and 2011 in North West England and the findings analysed. Trauma that led to thoracotomy/thoracoscopy or sternotomy was defined as MCT. Results A total of 146 patients were identified, and a considerable male predominance (88.4%) noted. A total of 54.1% had sustained penetrating cardiothoracic trauma. Also, 53.4% had been admitted to tertiary-care hospitals for trauma (TCHT) and 46.6% had been admitted to non-TCHT. Overall prevalence of mortality was 35.6%. No significant difference was found in mortality between TCHT vs non-TCHT. Prevalence of mortality was significantly higher in the subgroup of patients cared for exclusively in non-TCHT compared with patients transferred from non-TCHT to TCHT (41% vs 13.8%, p<0.05). Conclusions No significant difference was demonstrated in length of stay in hospital/length of stay in the intensive treatment unit and prevalence of mortality between patients originally presenting in TCHT and those presenting in non-TCHT. However, patients transferred from non-TCHT to TCHT had a lower prevalence of mortality. These findings may constitute a valuable benchmark for comparison with results arising after introduction of trauma centres in the UK.

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