Sistemas de Medición de Gas Natural con Tecnología Placa Orificio Aplicados a una Central de Generación Térmica

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Del Hierro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Factor

El propósito de este artículo, es presentar información básica sobre la medición de caudal de gas natural, utilizando como elemento primario de medición placas orificio. Esta tecnología esta aplicada en los sistemas de medición de gas natural que se utiliza en Ecuador para la transferencia de custodio entre una planta de acondicionamiento de combustible y las centrales de generación termoeléctrica, como también para la medición del combustible consumido por las unidades de generación. Entre los conceptos a mencionarse en este artículo están la recolección y manipulación de muestras de gas natural, factor de compresibilidad, poder calorífico y el costo de la incertidumbre. Como marco teórico para los requerimientos de especificaciones e instalación de los sistemas de medición de flujo y cálculo para medición de flujo de gas natural, se utilizará la norma API MPMS capítulo 14, la norma OILM R137-1:2006 y OILM R 140, y la norma ISO 5160.

scholarly journals Fibronectin has a dual role in locomotion and anchorage of primary chick fibroblasts and can promote entry into the division cycle.

1982 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Couchman ◽  
D A Rees ◽  
M R Green ◽  
C G Smith
Keyword(s):  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Gold Marker

Fibronectin (FN), which is already known to be a natural factor for fibroblast spreading on substrata, has now been shown to be essential for two distinct types of adhesion with different biological functions in chick heart fibroblasts, namely adhesion directed toward locomotion and toward stationary anchorage for growth. Manipulation of culture conditions and the use of antisera of differing specificities has demonstrated that both exogenous and cell-derived FN are important in each process. The organization of the fibronectin-containing matrix differs between the two states. Immunoelectron microscopy with a colloidal gold marker reveals the presence of small membrane-associated plaques of fibronectin in motile cells with associated submembranous specialization. A fibrillar matrix containing fibronectin is dominant in nonmotile, growing fibroblasts. The development of focal adhesions for stationary anchorage can be dramatically enhanced by addition of cell-derived FN at an appropriate stage, and this promotes entry into the growth cycle. New macromolecular synthesis in addition to FN is necessary for focal adhesion development but not for locomotion.

Trajectory Simulation and Prediction of COVID-19 via Compound Natural Factor (CNF) Model in EDBF Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengkang Zuo ◽  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Yiyuan Sun ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Kaiwen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Factor ◽  
Trajectory Simulation

scholarly journals The Spatio-Temporal Evolution of River Island Based on Landsat Satellite Imagery, Hydrodynamic Numerical Simulation and Observed Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyun Shi ◽  
Yuhan Cao ◽  
Changming Dong ◽  
Changshui Xia ◽  
Chunhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
River Islands ◽  
Island Evolution ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
Changing Rate

A river island is a shaped sediment accumulation body with its top above the water’s surface in crooked or branching streams. In this paper, four river islands in Yangzhong City in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River were studied. The spatio-temporal evolution information of the islands was quantitatively extracted using the threshold value method, binarization model, and cluster analysis, based on Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) images of the Landsat satellite series from 1985 to 2015. The variation mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed using an unstructured-grid, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) hydrodynamic numerical simulation, as well as the water-sediment data measured by hydrological stations. The annual average total area of these islands was 251,224.46 m2 during 1985–2015, and the total area first increased during 1985–2000 and decreased later during 2000–2015. Generally, the total area increased during these 30 years. Taipingzhou island had the largest area and the biggest changing rate, Xishadao island had the smallest area, and Zhongxinsha island had the smallest changing rate. The river islands’ area change was influenced by river runoff, sediment discharge, and precipitation, and sediment discharge proved to be the most significant natural factor in island evolution. River island evolution was also found to be affected by both runoff and oceanic tide. The difference in flow-field caused silting up in the Leigongdao Island and the head of Taipingzhou Island, and a serious reduction in the middle and tail of Taipingzhou Island. The method used in this paper has good applicability to river islands in other rivers around the world.

scholarly journals High Summertime Aerosol Organic Functional Group Concentrations from Marine and Seabird Sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jeramy Dedrick ◽  
Lynn M. Russell ◽  
Gunnar I. Senum ◽  
Janek Uin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Organic Composition ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Abstract. From November 2015 to December 2016, the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) measured submicron aerosol properties near McMurdo Station at the southern tip of the Ross Island. Submicron organic mass (OM), particle number, and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were higher in summer than other seasons. The measurements included a range of compositions and concentrations that likely reflected both local anthropogenic emissions and natural background sources. We isolated the natural organic components by separating a natural factor and a local combustion factor. The natural OM was 150 times higher in summer than in winter. The local anthropogenic emissions were not hygroscopic and had little contribution to the CCN concentrations. Natural sources that included marine sea spray and seabird emissions contributed 56 % of OM in the austral summer but only 3 % in the austral winter. The natural OM had high hydroxyl group fraction (55 %), 6 % alkane, and 6 % amine group mass, consistent with marine organic composition. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the natural sources of organic aerosol were characterized by amide group absorption, which may be from seabird populations. Carboxylic acid group contributions from natural sources were correlated to incoming solar radiation, indicating that some OM formed by secondary pathways.

scholarly journals Thermal shock and splash effects on burned gypseous soils from the Ebro Basin (NE Spain)

Solid Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. León ◽  
M. Seeger ◽  
D. Badía ◽  
P. Peters ◽  
M. T. Echeverría
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Ebro Valley ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract. Fire is a natural factor of landscape evolution in Mediterranean ecosystems. The middle Ebro Valley has extreme aridity, which results in a low plant cover and high soil erodibility, especially on gypseous substrates. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of moderate heating on physical and chemical soil properties, mineralogical composition and susceptibility to splash erosion. Topsoil samples (15 cm depth) were taken in the Remolinos mountain slopes (Ebro Valley, NE Spain) from two soil types: Leptic Gypsisol (LP) in a convex slope and Haplic Gypsisol (GY) in a concave slope. To assess the heating effects on the mineralogy we burned the soils at 105 and 205 °C in an oven and to assess the splash effects we used a rainfall simulator under laboratory conditions using undisturbed topsoil subsamples (0–5 cm depth of Ah horizon). LP soil has lower soil organic matter (SOM) and soil aggregate stability (SAS) and higher gypsum content than GY soil. Gypsum and dolomite are the main minerals (>80%) in the LP soil, while gypsum, dolomite, calcite and quartz have similar proportions in GY soil. Clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) are scarce in both soils. Heating at 105 °C has no effect on soil mineralogy. However, heating to 205 °C transforms gypsum to bassanite, increases significantly the soil salinity (EC) in both soil units (LP and GY) and decreases pH only in GY soil. Despite differences in the content of organic matter and structural stability, both soils show no significant differences (P < 0.01) in the splash erosion rates. The size of pores is reduced by heating, as derived from variations in soil water retention capacity.

scholarly journals Environmental Conditions as a Factor of Influence on the Everyday Life of the Orthodox Population of Ukrainian Lands of the Second Half of the 16th-17th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Inna Goncharenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Factor Of Influence

The purpose of this article is to analyze natural conditions as a significant factor of influence on everyday life, practices and strategies for the survival of the population of Ukrainian lands in the second half of the 16th – 17th centuries. The main task of the study is to reconstruct the environment of the second half of the 16th – 17th centuries and to identify the mutual influence of man and nature. Research methodology: the following methods were used: general scientific – historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, generalization; special – historical-systemic, historical reconstruction, which consists in drawing up a fairly complete picture of everyday life from disparate facts. Scientific novelty: the natural factor in the pre-industrial era is significantly underestimated in the studies of everyday life and is one of the most significant in the impact on human life, but it is ignored in modern historical works. Therefore, the analysis of the natural conditions of everyday life, especially in the early modern era, is relevant today. Conclusions. The analysis of the influence of natural conditions on everyday life of the population shows that a significant part of the population in one way or another was engaged in the transformation of nature in their production practices and was largely dependent on the environment. In the minds of the population, nature was seen as an endless resource for consumption. When assessing the influence of nature on everyday life in the second half of the 16th – 17th centuries, emphasis should be placed on the fact that during this period there was a combination of reproduction and appropriating forms of the economy in everyday production practices. The richness of natural resources, the fertility of the soil helped people to survive, but everyday survival was often due to the merciless exploitation of nature, especially in forests and wild animals. Parallel to this, there are attempts to protect resources from overuse by granting privileges to a limited number of consumers and legislative regulation. In general, the environmental circumstances of everyday life of the specified period cannot be characterized as stable due to the reduction of forest, plowing of virgin lands, excessive extermination of wild animals.

scholarly journals STUDI EVALUASI TEBAL PERKERASAN KAKU PADA RUAS JALAN DRADAH – KEDUNGPRING MENGUNAKAN METODE BINA MARGA 2002

UKaRsT ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Nur Azizah Affandi ◽  
Rasio Hepiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Load Condition ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
The Road ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pavement Thickness

Damage to the dradah-kedungpring road is not only caused by the amount (volume) of the vehicle that exceed the capacity of the road, but in it is also related to various factors namely human factor and natural factor. Overload is a vehicle's axle load condition exceeding the standard load used on the pavement design assumption or the number of operational paths before the age of the plan is reached, or often referred to as premature deterioration.The method of rigid pavement road planning which is made by Depaterment of Public Works that is Bina Marga method cannot be applied in standard planning in the field implementation maximally so that it has weakness which resulted in the early damage on the highway before the achievement of plan age In this final project will produce the planning of rigid Pavement Thickness on Dradah – Kedungpring road Using Bina Marga Method 2002 ", the thickness is produced calculation with actual vehicle load for traffic data in the calculation Thick pavement has been using data from the results of traffic surveys that exist.In the research that has been done on the thickness rigid pavement dradah-Kedungpring road obtained thickness of 24 cm is expected to provide a good service life in accordance with the expected age of the plan. Keywords: Pavement, LHR, CBR, Vehicle Overloading Expenses.

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