scholarly journals Phytochemical and Physicochemical Studies of Fermented Liquid of Citrulus lanatus (Egusi) Pod as a Potential Herbicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Idoko Owoicho ◽  
Emmanuel Stella ◽  
Adebisi Fagbohun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Acidic Nature

The fermented liquid of Citrulus lanatus (Egusi) pod was observed to have a herbicidal behavior after discarding it on grasses in the process of removing the seed from the pod which includes washing and filteration. Preliminary studies like phytochemical screening, physicochemical analysis (colour, pH, chloride, phosphate, phosphorus, total alkalinity, odour) and heavy metals (Zn and Cu) determination were carried out on the fermented Egusi pod liquid. The phytochemical screening showed that steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, terpenoids and triterpenes were present, while phenol, alkaloids, glycosides, anthracenes and flavonoids were absent. The physical analysis showed that the fermented liquid colour is creamy, turbid in appearance, a pH of 4.59, with an objectionable odour. The chemical analysis showed the absence of chloride, total alkalinity and total hardness. The total amount of phosphate and phosphorus present were 217.8 mg/L (4.35%) and 71.03 mg/L (1.42%) respectively, while the amount of Zn and Cu were 0.4426 mg/L and 4.4352 mg/L respectively. The herbicidal behavior could be attributed to its acidic nature and the high amount of phosphate.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Analysis of Culture Pond for Induced Pearl Production in Lamellidens marginalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijiyata Singh Rathour ◽  
Vijay Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Healthy Growth

Bioassay experiments were carried out in order to evaluate values of physico-chemical parameters of the cultured pond water for induced pearl production in Lamellidens marginalis. The pond was located at Botanical garden of Bipin Bihari P.G. College, Jhansi. The parameters included for this study were Colour, Temperature, Transparency, pH, Free CO2 , DO, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium and Total Alkalinity of cultured pond water and to maintain them for the healthy growth of mussels during the whole culture period for obtaining designer pearls.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis of Surface and Ground Water in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
O.B. Ovonramwen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Physicochemical analyses of surface and groundwater samples from eleven different locations in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria were sampled and analyzed for physicochemical parameters according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The following  mean and standard deviation were obtained from the groundwater of the communities: temp (oC) 22.46 ± 0.50 and 23.23 ± 0.99, pH 6.63 ± 0.68 and6.69 ± 0.24, dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L) 5.91 ± 0.46 and 5.73 ± 0.46, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg/L) 4.24 ± 0.01 and 4.43 ± 0.10, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (mg/L) 3.51 ± 0.38 and 3.84 ± 0.21, Turbidity (NTU) 1.22 ± 1.07 and 3.56 ± 0.77, electrical conductivity (EC) (μs/cm) 748.9 ± 215.79 and 786.67 ± 226.77, color (TCU) 1.22 ± 2.12 and 6.11 ± 2.11, total alkalinity (TA) (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, HCO3- (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, NO3 - (mg/L) 1.13 ± 0.62 and 2.89 ± 1.25, total solids (TS) (mg/L) 489.09 ± 180.17 and 664.95 ± 373.37, total suspended solids (TSS) (mg/L) 32.25 ± 24.29 and 123.86 ± 82.79, total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L) 456.78 ± 163.73 and 542.20 ± 450.66, Cl- (mg/L) 21.20 ± 3.20 and 20.10 ± 3.89, total hardness (TH) (mg/L) 26.67 ± 22.83 and 46.78 ± 36.17, Na (mg/L) 1.26 ± 0.06 and 1.16 ± 0.04, K (mg/L) 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.03, Mg (mg/L) 4.32 ± 3.23 and 6.96 ± 5.49, Ca (mg/L) 8.68 ± 9.35 and 18.12 ± 13.71 respectively. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and compared with the standard set by the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for water samples. Some of the parameters did not meet the standards, hence the need for treatment. The present physio-chemical analyses of surface and groundwater quality of the two neighboring university areas, Ugbomro and Iteregbi, were done to assess the environmental status of  the environment before socio-economic impacts. Keywords: physicochemical, surface water, groundwater, water quality

scholarly journals Assessment of Ground Water Contamination by Inorganic Impurities in Ferozepur District of Punjab State, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
Gurjeet Kaur ◽  
Sangeeta Sharma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Garg
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Physico Chemical

Malwa region of Punjab state, India has become the center of water borne diseases due to excessive use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, industrial toxins that cause toxicity in water. The main contamination in ground water is by physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals i.e. pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chlorides, fluorides, arsenic and lead. The contamination of ground water with heavy metals causes health hazards to humans and animals. Due to lack of adequate facilities and resources for the management and handling of waste, the ground water contamination has been increased. In the present study, assessment of ground water quality was carried out in the villages of Ferozepur district of Punjab state, India. With main emphasis on analyzing the groundwater parameters of Ferozepur district which are responsible for health hazard to humans and animals. Various groundwater samples were collected randomly from the villages of Ferozepur district and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chlorides, fluorides, heavy metals (arsenic and lead) using standard procedures. The concentrations of calcium, chlorides, fluorides and pH were within the permissible limits, whereas, alkalinity and total hardness were observed beyond permissible limits in most of the water samples. Even among majority of the samples taken, the concentration of arsenic and lead was found within the permissible limits. Results showed that the ground water samples collected from depth ranging from 100 to 360 ft, recorded values within permissible limits for drinking purpose as prescribed by WHO. Further, ANOVA has been applied on analysis results to study the effect of pH on fluoride and chloride, depth on fluoride and chloride and depth on arsenic and lead. Also, to adjudge the overall quality of water in Ferozepur district, the water quality index (WQI) has been calculated on the basis of large number of physico-chemical characteristics of water. The water quality index of ground water in Ferozepur district has been calculated to be 107. The value is close to 100 so the quality of ground water in Ferozepur district can be categorized under 'Good Quality' water.

Chemical Analysis of Ground water in Hinganghat, District Wardha (Ms), India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Gajbhiye RG ◽  
Mahakale RG ◽  
Raut RD ◽  
Dhakre MN
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Ground water is one of the most useful water sources found in earth. The importance of the chemical analysis underlies the fact that the chemistry of ground water can directly be rated with the source of water, climate and geology of the region. Contamination of such water is responsible for creating health hazards. In this paper chemical analysis of the ground water has been carried out for Hinganghat in Wardha district. The water sample collected from different location in Hinganghat, Wardha (India). The ground water samples were analyzed for the following chemical parameters; pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). The results Obtained shown that it is free from anomalies and suitable for human and cattle consumption as well as irrigation purpose in Hinganghat, Wardha districts, Maharashtra, India.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Using Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Gobind Sagar Lake, Himachal Pradesh (India)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Walia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Today the environment has become harmful for the health of living organisms due to excessive pollution and contamination of natural resources. The present investigation has been carried out with the objective to assess the water quality of the Gobind Sagar Lake, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh (India) using physico-chemical parameters with heavy metals of the lake. For this study, three sampling sites were identified and samples from different sites were collected in summer season and important parameters [Water Temperature, pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)] with heavy metals [ Lead (P), Copper (Co), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr) were analyzed. The results revealed that the different conditions of Gobind Sagar Lake in different sampling stations showed fluctuations in some physico-chemical parameters and also in heavy metals. These result depicted that water of lake was polluted in the form of nutrient enrichment which is due to agricultural activities and its runoff in and around catchment area of the lake. There are other many ways that things can end up in the lake as the free style way of disposal of industrial and domestic effluents etc. Results of studies on heavy metals in pollution are well documented revealing the toxic effects of these metals on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals, Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics to Determine the Water Quality of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Shams ◽  
Haq Nawaz Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Afzal Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Usama Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Lower Indus Basin

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of the lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. Eighty- two water samples were collected from forty-one locations of lower Indus Basin (Kashmore to Keti-Bander) during pre and post monsoon seasons. The variation pattern in the water quality has been observed in both seasons. The samples were analysed for physical quality (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity and conductivity), chemical quality (chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, lead, mercury, copper, cadmium and nitrate) and biological quality (coliform bacteria). The study reveals that the concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium in water samples during both seasons were slightly higher than the permissible limits, whereas, all other parameters were within WHO guidelines. The higher concentration of heavy metals must be rectified by the concerned authorities in order to protect human health.  

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Aerial Parts of Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) SW. (Family: Athyriaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouri Kumar Dash ◽  
Siti Khadijah Jusof Khadidi ◽  
Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Edible Ferns

Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (Family: Athyriaceae) is one of the very popular edible ferns, a common pteridophytes usually included in one of the major ingredients in the traditional 'Ulam' (salads) preparations in Malaysia. The plant is highly valued for its several medicinal attributes. The present paper reports the physicochemical studies of the aerial parts. Diagnostic characteristics of the aerial parts powder showed presence of lignified xylem fibres and non-lignified phloem fibres, fragments of epidermal cells containing anomocytic stomata, mesophyll, palisade cells, parenchyma and collenchyma tissues, covering trichomes and prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate. Preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts showed presence of steroids, triterpenoids, tannins and phenolic substances, flavonoids, carbohydrates, gum and mucilage. The findings of the study will provide substantial information for the proper identification of the plant drug to the future investigators.

scholarly journals Assessment of water quality around coal-fired thermal power plant, Bathinda (Punjab), India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-924
Author(s):  
Savita Verma ◽  
Anju .
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters

In the present study, both the underground and surface water samples around Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant Bathinda, Punjab, having total installed capacity of 440MW, were analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters viz. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Total Alkalinity (TA), Carbonate (CO32-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) and heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead(Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn). The correlation coefficients (r) among various water quality parameters of studied underground water samples were calculated. The physical and chemical parameters of groundwater are compared with the drinking water quality standards recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (2012) and World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). On the basis of results obtained in the present study, concentration of Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Fluoride (F-) and Total  dissolved solids (TDS) observed in ground water of Bathinda varied from 30 to 284 mg/l, 120 to 280 mg/l, 2.66-3.99 mg/l and 620-1439 mg/l, respectively which are exceeding the acceptable limits prescribed by WHO (2017) as well as BIS (2012). Also, the concentration of heavy metals viz. cadmium (0.366 to 0.437 mg/l), and lead (0.193 to 0.353 mg/l) have higher levels than prescribed by WHO and BIS for drinking purpose. Thus, groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes with prior treatment.

Physico-Chemical Analysis of Selected Potable Water in Parts of Mamit District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
B Ramngaihawma ◽  
◽  
Shiva Kumar ◽  
V.K Bharti ◽  
Malsawm tluanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical

In the present study, physico-chemical characteristics of potable water from the selected area in the central part of Mamit district, Mizoram were analysed to obtain the quality level for domestic uses. During the non-monsoon period, the residents in the selected area mainly depend on perennial spring (Tuikhur), hand pump, and rainwater harvesting without any treatment for drinking and other domestic purposes. A total of 17 potable water samples were collected from 6 different stations in the study area. The water samples were analysed for their physico-chemical characteristics, viz. pH, Turbidity, EC, Total Dissolve Solids, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and sulphate. On comparing the results against water quality standards and standard values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS), it is found that most of the water samples are well within the permissible limit and suitable for drinking and domestic purposes. Analysis of heavy metals such as Iron, Zinc, Cadmium, Magnesium, Copper, Lead, Potassium, Chromium, Manganese, Calcium, Arsenic, and Sodium was also carried out by using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPAES). The concentrations of heavy metals were also found within the acceptable limits as per WHO and BIS guidelines.

scholarly journals Multi Parameter Physico-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater to be used for Drinking Purpose in Gorakhpur City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Ashar Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Earth Surface ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drinking Purpose

As we all know that water is the most precious compound found in nature.It covers about 71% of the earth surface. About 97.3% of water is contained in the great oceans that are saline and 2.14% is held in icecaps glaciers and in the poles, which are not useful. The remaining 0.56% are found on earth which are useful for general purpose. Out of which Groundwater is one of the purest form of water available on this earth. It has been estimated that approximately one third of the world’s population use groundwater for drinking. This project is done in knowledge to get the analysis of various physico- chemical parameters such as pH, Turbidity, TDS, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chloride and Dissolved Oxygen of Gorakhpur city in view to ensure the groundwater to be fit for drinking purpose or not . About 20 samples were collected from India Mark-II Hand Pumps and Shallow Hand Pumps of various locations of Gorakhpur city and tested. After the analysis of various physico - chemical parameters of the samples collected , the groundwater found to be within permissible according to BIS 10500 – 2012.

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