Physico-Chemical Analysis of Selected Potable Water in Parts of Mamit District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
B Ramngaihawma ◽  
◽  
Shiva Kumar ◽  
V.K Bharti ◽  
Malsawm tluanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical

In the present study, physico-chemical characteristics of potable water from the selected area in the central part of Mamit district, Mizoram were analysed to obtain the quality level for domestic uses. During the non-monsoon period, the residents in the selected area mainly depend on perennial spring (Tuikhur), hand pump, and rainwater harvesting without any treatment for drinking and other domestic purposes. A total of 17 potable water samples were collected from 6 different stations in the study area. The water samples were analysed for their physico-chemical characteristics, viz. pH, Turbidity, EC, Total Dissolve Solids, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and sulphate. On comparing the results against water quality standards and standard values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS), it is found that most of the water samples are well within the permissible limit and suitable for drinking and domestic purposes. Analysis of heavy metals such as Iron, Zinc, Cadmium, Magnesium, Copper, Lead, Potassium, Chromium, Manganese, Calcium, Arsenic, and Sodium was also carried out by using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPAES). The concentrations of heavy metals were also found within the acceptable limits as per WHO and BIS guidelines.

scholarly journals Assessment of water quality around coal-fired thermal power plant, Bathinda (Punjab), India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-924
Author(s):  
Savita Verma ◽  
Anju .
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters

In the present study, both the underground and surface water samples around Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Power Plant Bathinda, Punjab, having total installed capacity of 440MW, were analyzed for the physico-chemical parameters viz. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Total Alkalinity (TA), Carbonate (CO32-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) and heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead(Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Zinc (Zn). The correlation coefficients (r) among various water quality parameters of studied underground water samples were calculated. The physical and chemical parameters of groundwater are compared with the drinking water quality standards recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (2012) and World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). On the basis of results obtained in the present study, concentration of Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg2+), Fluoride (F-) and Total  dissolved solids (TDS) observed in ground water of Bathinda varied from 30 to 284 mg/l, 120 to 280 mg/l, 2.66-3.99 mg/l and 620-1439 mg/l, respectively which are exceeding the acceptable limits prescribed by WHO (2017) as well as BIS (2012). Also, the concentration of heavy metals viz. cadmium (0.366 to 0.437 mg/l), and lead (0.193 to 0.353 mg/l) have higher levels than prescribed by WHO and BIS for drinking purpose. Thus, groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes with prior treatment.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS OF STUBBS CREEK, IBENO, AKWA IBOM, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Henry Robert Anwan ◽  
Martins Agenuma Anetekhai ◽  
Gabriel Olarinde Mekuleyi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

The present study examined some physico-chemical characteristics (temperature, pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid(TDS), conductivity, transparency, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), acidity and alkalinity) and some heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni) concentration of Stubbs Creek, Ibeno, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria between August 2014 and July, 2015. Six sampling stations (Mkpanak, Okpot Ikot, Ebana Mbri, Esit Eket, Okpuk and Ikot Ebia Anam) in Stubbs Creek were selected. Water samples were analyzed using APHA-AWWA-WPCF methods while heavy metals in the water samples were digested and determined using UNICAM 939 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean values of water parameters of Stubbs Creek are: temperature (27.22 ± 0.230C); pH (6.83 ± 0.13), DO (3.86 ± 0.20 mg/L), BOD (2.84 ± 0.11 mg/L), conductivity (522.23 ±69.12 µScm-1), TDS (288.83 ± 39.50 mg/L), transparency (0.86 ± 0.05m), alkalinity (95.51± 6.44mg/L), acidity (97.03±7.45) and total hardness(12.11±1.55).Only TDS, conductivity, alkalinity and total hardness showed significant (p<0.05) spatial variation across the sampling stations. However, the values of temperature, TDS, conductivity, alkalinity and total hardness indicated significant seasonal variation. Similarly, there were no significant (p<0.05) spatial and seasonal variation in the values of heavy metals recorded across the sampling stations. All the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in this study are below the maximum permissible limit recommended by WHO. The result showed that Stubbs Creek is less polluted at present and safe for the biota. However, responsible use of the water bodies by all and sundry should be maintained in order to preclude problems common with effluents discharge.

scholarly journals Assessment of potable water quality of surface water (tuikhur) and hand pumps in Siaha, southern Mizoram

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
John Blick ◽  
Shiva Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization

The present study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of potable water from hand pump (groundwater) and sub-surface (tuikhur) water in Siaha, Mizoram, during pre-monsoon season of 2017. pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4) and chloride (Cl) and their mean values obtained were 7.1, 67.72 mg/L, 103 mg/L, 1.8 NTU, 43.9 mg/L, 45 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L, 6.24 mg/L, 7.21 mg/L, 0.23 mg/L, 3.27 mg/L and 9.51 mg/L respectively. The results revealed that all these water samples were well within permissible limits established by World Health Organization (WHO), and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Hence, they are suitable for drinking purposes. However, Iron contents at few sites are found exceeding the permissible value of 0.3 mg/L.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ground Water Contamination by Inorganic Impurities in Ferozepur District of Punjab State, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
Gurjeet Kaur ◽  
Sangeeta Sharma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Garg
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ground Water Contamination ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Physico Chemical

Malwa region of Punjab state, India has become the center of water borne diseases due to excessive use of pesticides, chemical fertilizers, heavy metals, industrial toxins that cause toxicity in water. The main contamination in ground water is by physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals i.e. pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chlorides, fluorides, arsenic and lead. The contamination of ground water with heavy metals causes health hazards to humans and animals. Due to lack of adequate facilities and resources for the management and handling of waste, the ground water contamination has been increased. In the present study, assessment of ground water quality was carried out in the villages of Ferozepur district of Punjab state, India. With main emphasis on analyzing the groundwater parameters of Ferozepur district which are responsible for health hazard to humans and animals. Various groundwater samples were collected randomly from the villages of Ferozepur district and analyzed for pH, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, chlorides, fluorides, heavy metals (arsenic and lead) using standard procedures. The concentrations of calcium, chlorides, fluorides and pH were within the permissible limits, whereas, alkalinity and total hardness were observed beyond permissible limits in most of the water samples. Even among majority of the samples taken, the concentration of arsenic and lead was found within the permissible limits. Results showed that the ground water samples collected from depth ranging from 100 to 360 ft, recorded values within permissible limits for drinking purpose as prescribed by WHO. Further, ANOVA has been applied on analysis results to study the effect of pH on fluoride and chloride, depth on fluoride and chloride and depth on arsenic and lead. Also, to adjudge the overall quality of water in Ferozepur district, the water quality index (WQI) has been calculated on the basis of large number of physico-chemical characteristics of water. The water quality index of ground water in Ferozepur district has been calculated to be 107. The value is close to 100 so the quality of ground water in Ferozepur district can be categorized under 'Good Quality' water.

scholarly journals Studies on Some Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Potable Water Used in Some Rural Areas of Surat District (Gujarat)

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
S. R. Patel ◽  
K. K. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Microbiological Study ◽  
Physico Chemical

A physico chemical and microbiological study of the ground water of some villages of Surat district of Gujarat state (India) has been made. Physico chemical parameters such as colour, odour, taste, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TS, TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride and silica were determined. In microbiological study, total coliforms, E. coli, sulfate reducing anaerobic bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa, yeast and mould were investigated. Samples were taken from ten sampling points in ten different villages viz. Parvat(S-1), Kharvasa(S-2), Bonand(S-3), Vesu(S-4) Amroli(S-5), Kadodara(S-6), Chalthan(S-7), Variyav(S-8), Gaviyar(S-9) and Bhairav(S-10). Samples were taken four times in year in the month of May, August, November and February to check the seasonal effects. In village Gaviyar, Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board has set up a treatment plant to supply good quality potable water in few surrounding coastal villages. In all other cases samples were taken from bore-well. Here study reported is for samples taken in May-2004 and August-2004.For colour, iron, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride and silica, instrumental methods like spectrophotometry were used. “Hach-Odyssey spectrophotometer” which has facility to store calibration curves and which can display the value for that parameter directly was used. In present study programmes of “Hach” with their reagents were used while some programmes were prepared by us using our reagents. This is an excellent instrument and results of this instrument are validated by USEPA. Sodium and potassium was determined using flame photometer. It was found that some water samples have higher TDS, chlorides, total hardness and total alkalinity than the permissible limits. In all cases samples were not found to contain significant quantities of bacteria and water was palatable from this point of view.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUVERY RIVER PALLIPALAYAM, ERODE DISTRICT,TAMILNADU

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
S. Uthirasamy* ◽  
T. Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
River Water ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cauvery River ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Human Usage

This study was designed to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of Cauvery river three stations (S1- Domestic sewage release place, S2- Pooja waste release place and S3- People dress washing place. Erode. The parameters were analysed such as Temperature, pH, Colour, Odour, Turbidity, DO2, BOD, COD, Salinity, Total alkalinity and Total hardness. The pH ranged from (8.2 to 8.7), Dissolved oxygen (4.987 to 6.253mg/lit), BOD (13.768 to 17.564mg/lit), as recorded in S1 Place. COD (34.7 to 36.7mg/lit), Calcium (89 to 105mg/lit), Salinity (7.12 to 12.6mg/lit), as observed in S2 place. Total Alkalinity (164 to 198mg/lit), Nitrate (0.32 to 0.45mg/lit) and Phosphate (0.34 to 0.40mg/lit) as analyzed in S3 Place. The nding of the study revealed that the river water is polluted not advisable for human usage without any treatment. This study concluded that the seriousness and responsibility of public to conserve our water resources for healthy living.

PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER NEAR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DUMPING SITES IN ARUMUGANERI, THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Ground water samples in and around from the dumpsite located in Arumuganeri were studied to assess the impact of Municipal solid waste on the ground water resources. Ground water samples were collected from the 5 different bore-wells in and around the dumpsites.The collected water samples were analyzed for parameters of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total hardness, chloride and dissolved oxygen. The results were observed in each sample , compared with standards WHO, ICMR, ISI and thus  an  attempt  was  made  to  ascertain  whether  the quality  of  ground  water  is  fit  or  not  for  drinking  and  other  purposes.

scholarly journals Ground Water Quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur C. Shah ◽  
Prateek G. Shilpkar ◽  
Pradip B. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Quality Of Water

Present communication deals with study of physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), calcium hardness (CaH), magnesium hardness (MgH), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulphate (SO42-) of water samples of bore wells of forty villages of Gandhinagar taluka of Gujarat state,India. The experimental values of water samples were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the over all quality of water samples. The statistical analysis like mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (% CV), analysis of variance (ANOVA),t-test, coefficient of correlation (r) and regression analysis of obtained data were carried out. The results show that the quality of water is poor and quite good for drinking and irrigation purposes respectively. The variance was found significant at 1% level of significance in case of sodium and potassium content and at 5% in case of total alkalinity and dissolved oxygen among the four regions (North, South, East and West) of Gandhinagar taluka. The linear relation also established for each pair of water quality parameters of studied water samples.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Using Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metals of Gobind Sagar Lake, Himachal Pradesh (India)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Yogesh Walia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Today the environment has become harmful for the health of living organisms due to excessive pollution and contamination of natural resources. The present investigation has been carried out with the objective to assess the water quality of the Gobind Sagar Lake, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh (India) using physico-chemical parameters with heavy metals of the lake. For this study, three sampling sites were identified and samples from different sites were collected in summer season and important parameters [Water Temperature, pH, Total Hardness, Dissolved Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chloride, Total Alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)] with heavy metals [ Lead (P), Copper (Co), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr) were analyzed. The results revealed that the different conditions of Gobind Sagar Lake in different sampling stations showed fluctuations in some physico-chemical parameters and also in heavy metals. These result depicted that water of lake was polluted in the form of nutrient enrichment which is due to agricultural activities and its runoff in and around catchment area of the lake. There are other many ways that things can end up in the lake as the free style way of disposal of industrial and domestic effluents etc. Results of studies on heavy metals in pollution are well documented revealing the toxic effects of these metals on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals, Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics to Determine the Water Quality of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Shams ◽  
Haq Nawaz Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Afzal Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Usama Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Lower Indus Basin

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of the lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. Eighty- two water samples were collected from forty-one locations of lower Indus Basin (Kashmore to Keti-Bander) during pre and post monsoon seasons. The variation pattern in the water quality has been observed in both seasons. The samples were analysed for physical quality (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity and conductivity), chemical quality (chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, lead, mercury, copper, cadmium and nitrate) and biological quality (coliform bacteria). The study reveals that the concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium in water samples during both seasons were slightly higher than the permissible limits, whereas, all other parameters were within WHO guidelines. The higher concentration of heavy metals must be rectified by the concerned authorities in order to protect human health.  

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