scholarly journals Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and COVID-19 Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Syed Muhammad Imran Majeed ◽  
Rehma Ahsan Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Open Access Article

Insulin resistance is at the heart of pathogenesis of major noncommunicable disorders namely atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, even autoimmune diseases, possibly allergies and some cancers. Inflammation as instigated by hyperinsulinemia appears responsible for a major portion of noncommunicable diseases burden. The modern human diet wherein most of the calories come from starches, is the singular most important prevalent cause of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Most of the humanity is either diabetic or prediabetic (glucose intolerant) and vulnerable to dangerous consequences of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. One such consequence that we are faced with today, is mortality in COVID-19 infected patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus. Very little, certainly inadequate, attention has been paid to hyperinsulinemia and its life threatening repercussions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Attention of researchers and health care systems is drawn to the obvious dangers of this oversight; be that the ongoing mortality due to COVID-19, or the noncommunicable disease burden in general. Editor-in-Chief How to cite this: Majeed SMI, Gilani RA. Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and COVID-19 Mortality. Life and Science. 2020; 1(suppl): 1-1. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.178 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

HIV/AIDS and traditional healers: a blessing in disguise

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
B L Meel
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herbal Decoction ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

Traditional healers contribute significantly to the level of health-care systems in Africa. They could play an important role in the prevention and care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the community. The traditional healing system deals with psychosocial stress associated with HIV/AIDS as well as herbal medications. Sometimes, herbal medicine causes serious life-threatening complications. Two case reports are presented in this article. The first is a 48-year-old woman with HIV who was made to drink a large volume of a herbal decoction to stimulate vomiting in the belief that cleansing the bowel would rid the system of the disease. The second is a 25-year-old young man who had a herbal enema, which resulted in gangrene of the large bowel. The case histories, mechanism of action and causes of death are discussed.

A Comparison Between Selected Noncommunicable Disease Mortality Rates Between 2010 and 2016 Among Selected Southern African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Ellapen ◽  
M. Barnard ◽  
G. L. Strydom ◽  
K. M. Masime ◽  
Y. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Disease Mortality

Researchers have identified cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases as being the principal pathologies of increased aged standardized death rates (ASDRs) among noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The objective of this study was to compare the change in the ASDR of these principal NCDs between the years 2010 and 2016 in Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. ASDR data were collected from the 2016 Global Health Estimate. Among the selected Southern African countries for both 2010 and 2016, the order of prevalence of NCDs linked to increased ASDR was cardiovascular diseases (both cardiac and stroke), cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory diseases. The percentage of the total number of NCDs linked to increased ASDR in relation to total deaths increased from 43.8% (in 2010) to 51.0% (in 2016) from ( p < .0001). The percentage of principal NCDs in relation to total ASDR increased from 33.0% (in 2010) to 38.2% (in 2016; p < .0001).

scholarly journals Novel Digital Architecture of a “Low Carb Program” for Initiating and Maintaining Long-Term Sustainable Health-Promoting Behavior Change in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/15030 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e15030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Summers ◽  
Kristina Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Digital Architecture ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Long Term Impact

Globally, the burden of noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes is crippling health care systems. Type 2 diabetes, a disease linked with obesity, affects 1 in every 30 people today and is expected to affect 1 in 10 people by 2030. Current provisions are struggling to manage the trajectory of type 2 diabetes prevalence. Offline, face-to-face education for patients with type 2 diabetes has shown to lack long-term impact or the capacity for widespread democratized adoption. Digitally delivered interventions have been developed for patients with type 2 diabetes, and the evidence shows that some interventions provide the capacity to support hyperpersonalization and real-time continuous support to patients, which can result in significant engagement and health outcomes. However, digital health app engagement is notoriously difficult to achieve. This paper reviews the digital behavior change architecture of the Low Carb Program and the application of health behavioral theory underpinning its development and use in scaling novel methods of engaging the population with type 2 diabetes and supporting long-term behavior change.

Milk, Blood Lipids and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - ‘The Myth and the Evidence’

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Anne M. Minihane
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Chronic diet related diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancers account for the vast majority (∼ 65%) of total mortality in the UK (Figure 1). In westernised countries average life expectancy is rapidly increasing with the ratio of people of working age to people over 65 estimated to fall from about to 4:1 to 2.5:1 by the year 2040. These ageing population demographics have placed an almost unbearable strain on the health care systems of these countries. As a result there has been increased focus on the use of diet as a modifiable means of preventing or delaying the onset of disease. This approach in addition to being cost effective would ensure that for the individual who is living longer that they also remain healthier for longer, developing chronic life threatening diseases at an older age.

scholarly journals Difference between early clinical features of swine origin A H1N1 influenza corfirmed and not confirmed infection in Mexico

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Rodríguez-Valero ◽  
Hector Manuel Prado Calleros ◽  
Gerardo Arturo Bravo Escobar ◽  
Rafael Ricardo Valdez Vázquez ◽  
Rafael Figueroa Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Influenza Ah1n1

Introduction: The Swine Origin A H1N1 Influenza Virus (SOIV) pandemic emerged in April 2009 affecting people and health-care systems worldwide. This study examined the differences among the early clinical features presented in confirmed SOIV cases, those who tested negative for SOIV infection, fatalities, and hospitalized cases. Methodology: We reviewed 1,024 initial medical records of patients presenting with acute respiratory symptoms who attended the respiratory emergency room of a general hospital in Mexico and had a confirmatory test for influenza AH1N1 by RT-PCR from April to December 2009. Results: Out of 1,024 cases, 457 (44%) were men with a mean age of 31±17 years; however, of these, SOIV confirmed cases were younger (26±8, p=0.000). SOIV infection was confirmed in 36% of the patients. Most (%?) cases presented mild infection, 20% of the patients required hospitalization, and 0.09% patients died. Asthma was more frequent in confirmed cases (p=0.028). Presence of COPD, systemic arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus was significant in confirmed hospitalized cases. Pulmonary rales, wheezing, and sudden symptom onset were more frequent and statistically significant in confirmed patients. Influenza-like illness was more frequent in confirmed cases (p=0.049).  Conclusions: This study presents one of the largest series of the new SOIV infection confirmed by RT-PCR reported. This infection is frequently mild and affects mainly young adults. Sudden symptoms onset, pulmonary rales, and wheezing are early features of this infection. Asthma, COPD, systemic arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus should be identified to identify potentially severe and fatal cases. ILI helps distinguish SOIV infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: The Link and Clinical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Chidiebere V. Ugwueze ◽  
Basil Chukwuma Ezeokpo ◽  
Bede I. Nnolim ◽  
Emmanuel A. Agim ◽  
Nnamdi C. Anikpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Enzyme Molecule

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral infection that has ravaged the world in recent times, and the associated morbidity and mortality have been much more pronounced in those with noncommunicable disease. Diabetes mellitus is one of commonest noncommunicable diseases associated with worsening clinical status in COVID-19 patients. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The aim of this review was to evaluate the receptors and pathogenetic link between diabetes and COVID-19. Both disease conditions involve inflammation with the release of inflammatory markers. The roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme molecule and dipeptidyl peptidase were explored to show their involvement in COVID-19 and diabetes. Pathogenetic mechanisms such as impaired immunity, microangiopathy, and glycemic variability may explain the effect of diabetes on recovery of COVID-19 patients. The effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, invasion of the pancreatic islet cells, drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19, and the lockdown policy may impact negatively on glycemic control of diabetic patients. The outcome studies between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 were also reviewed. Some drug trials are still ongoing to determine the suitability or otherwise of some drugs used in diabetic patients with COVID-19, such as dapagliflozin trial and linagliptin trial.

scholarly journals Dates fruits effects on blood glucose among patients with diabetes mellitus: A review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyder Osman Mirghani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Indices ◽  
Open Access Article

Background & Objective: Dates fruit is known for its great nutritional value and two to three servings of dates fruit/day are beneficial for patients with diabetes. However, some may advice against this cheap and widely available fruit consumption. Besides, 12% of the population Worldwide are either suffering or are at risk of developing diabetes, but no previous meta-analysis has assessed this important issue. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the effects of date’s fruit on glycemia among patients with diabetes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases for trials published in English from the first published article up to December 2020. The following keywords were used: “dates fruit and glycemic control”, “dates fruit and blood glucose”, “dates fruit and HbA1c” without limitations regarding the date of publication. Results: Out of the 942 references identified, only 10 cohorts from five full texts were included, a reduction of Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), odd ratio, -24.79, 95% CI=-34.75, -14.83 P =0.002. I2 for heterogeneity=79%, P <0.00001 and postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), odd ratio -28.19, 95% CI=-60.66-4.29, P =<0.0001. I2 for heterogeneity=92%, P=0.09) was observed. While the effect on HbA1c was neutral, odd ratio, -.20, 95% CI=-.46 -.06, P=0.13. I2 for heterogeneity=0. %, P=0.55. Conclusion: Dates fruit was beneficial regarding glycemic control among patients with diabetes, physician may not need to restrict its use among patients with diabetes. The small number of the included studies and the heterogeneity observed in PPPG and FPG sub-analysis limited the current results. Further trials assessing the glycemic indices of various types of dates fruit are needed. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4112 How to cite this:Mirghani HO. Dates fruits effects on blood glucose among patients with diabetes mellitus: A review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.4112 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Abdominal actinomycosis in an elderly diabetic

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (ICON-Suppl) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyasat Ahmed Memon ◽  
Yusra Shafquat ◽  
Nausheen Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Abdominal Actinomycosis ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
Special Supplement ◽  
Open Access Article

Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease that presents as three entities, cervico-facial, abdominal and genital, with cervico-facial being the commonest. Due to its subacute presentation and indolent course, abdominal actinomycosis is difficult to diagnose and is often confused with malignancy. We present a case of an elderly diabetic with no known other risk factors of the disease with complaints of right sided abdominal swelling and presence of abdominal mass on imaging, diagnosed post operatively as a case of abdominal actinomycosis, on histopathology. Abdominal actinomycosis should be considered in differentials in cases with abdominal masses. Diabetes Mellitus is not an established risk factor for development of abdominal actinomycosis. Studies are required to link its association with the disease. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1724 How to cite this:Memon RA, Shafquat Y, Yaqoob N. Abdominal actinomycosis in an elderly diabetic. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S98-S100. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1724 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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