scholarly journals Repeat Rate Analysis Of Lower Limb Radiograph For Digital Radiography In General Radiography At Pantai Klang Hospital Selangor

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
NURUL FADHLINA ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Repeat Exposure ◽  
Repeat Rate ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Introduction: Assessing the repeat rate is crucial to reduce unnecessary dose to the patient by identifying the major cause for repeating the x-rays exposure to the patient and apply corrective measures Aim: to analyse the repeat rate of routine lower limb projections in direct digital radiography (DR) from general radiology department of Pantai Klang Hospital. Methods: 26 months retrospective repeated radiograph was acquired from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) at Hospital Pantai Klang. The retrieved radiographs were grouped based on the reason for the i radiographs being rejected which are incorrect positioning, incorrect collimation, patient movement, incorrect exposure factors, artefact, and other reasons. Results: Total repeated radiographs retrieved for basic lower limbs projections were 13616. Knee was the highest repeted examination and the lowest repeat rate was tibia fibula. (repeat rate: knee = 1.04%, tibia fibula = 0.57%).  incorrect positioning is the major causes for repeat exposure for all examinations type, followed by incorrect collimation, other categories, centring ray error, incorrect exposure factors and artifact.  

Picture Archiving and Communication System in Healthcare

2011 ◽  
pp. 890-899
Author(s):  
Carrison K.S. Tong ◽  
Eric T.T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Filmless Radiology ◽  
Network Availability ◽  
Picture Archiving ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Radiology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radiation. It is often used in X-rays in the diagnosis and treatment of a disease. Filmless radiology is a method of digitizing traditional films into electronic files that can be viewed and saved on a computer. This technology generates clearer and easier-to-read images, allowing the patient the chance of a faster evaluation and diagnosis. The time saved may prove to be a crucial element in the patient’s treatment process. With filmless radiology, images taken from various medical sources can be manipulated to enhance resolution, increasing the clarity of the image. Images can also be transferred internally within departments and externally to other locations such as the office of the patient’s doctor. This is made possible through the picture-archiving and communication system (PACS; Dreyer, Mehta, & Thrall, 2001), which electrsonically captures, transmits, displays, and saves images into digital archives for use at any given time. The PACS functions as a state-of-theart repository for long-term archiving of digital images, and includes the backup and bandwidth to safeguard uninterrupted network availability. The objective of the picture-archiving and scommunications system is to improve the speed and quality of clinical care by streamlining radiological service and consultation. With instant access to images from virtually anywhere, hospital doctors and clinicians can improve their work processes and speed up the delivery of patient care. Besides making film a thing of the past, the likely benefits would include reduced waiting times for images and reports, and the augmented ability of clinicians since they can get patient information and act upon it much more quickly. The creation of a permanent, nondegradable archive will eliminate the loss of film and so forth. Today, the growing importance of PACS on the fight against highly infectious disease is also identified.

scholarly journals Reasons for Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) data security breaches: Intentional versus non-intentional breaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tintswalo B. Mahlaola ◽  
Barbara Van Dyk
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Training System ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Picture Archiving ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Background: The Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) has led to an increase in breached health records and violation of patient confidentiality. The South African constitution makes provision for human dignity and privacy, virtues which confidentiality seeks to preserve. Confidentiality thus constitutes a human right which is challenged by the use of technology. Humans, as managers of information technology, constitute the weakest link in safeguarding confidentiality. Nonetheless, it is argued that most security breaches are nonintentionally committed by well-meaning employees during routine activities.Objective: The purpose of this article is to explore the nature of and reasons for confidentiality breaches by PACS users in a South African context.Methods: A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 115 health professionals employed in a private hospital setting, including its radiology department and a second independent radiology department. The questionnaire sought to explore the attitudes of participants towards confidentiality breeches and reasons for suchbehaviour.Results: Breach incidences were expressed as percentage compliance and classified according to the nature and reasons provided by Sarkar's breach classification. Cross tabulations indicated a statistical significance (p < 0.00) between the expected and observed confidentiality practices of participants and also the adequacy of training, system knowledge and policy awareness.Conclusion: Our study supports previous findings that, in the absence of guidelines, most security breaches were non-intentional acts committed due to ignorance. Of concern are incidents in which sensitive information was intentionally shared via social media.

Picture Archiving and Communication System in Health Care

2011 ◽  
pp. 821-828
Author(s):  
Carrison K.S. Tong ◽  
Eric T.T. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Filmless Radiology ◽  
Network Availability ◽  
Picture Archiving ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Radiology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radiation. It is often used in X-rays in the diagnosis and treatment of a disease. Filmless radiology is a method of digitizing traditional films into electronic files that can be viewed and saved on a computer. This technology generates clearer and easier-to-read images, allowing the patient the chance of a faster evaluation and diagnosis. The time saved may prove to be a crucial element in the patient’s treatment process. With filmless radiology, images taken from various medical sources can be manipulated to enhance resolution, increasing the clarity of the image. Images can also be transferred internally within departments and externally to other locations such as the office of the patient’s doctor. This is made possible through the picture-archiving and communication system (PACS; Dreyer, Mehta, & Thrall, 2001), which electrsonically captures, transmits, displays, and saves images into digital archives for use at any given time. The PACS functions as a state-of-the-art repository for long-term archiving of digital images, and includes the backup and bandwidth to safeguard uninterrupted network availability. The objective of the picture-archiving and scommunications system is to improve the speed and quality of clinical care by streamlining radiological service and consultation. With instant access to images from virtually anywhere, hospital doctors and clinicians can improve their work processes and speed up the delivery of patient care. Besides making film a thing of the past, the likely benefits would include reduced waiting times for images and reports, and the augmented ability of clinicians since they can get patient information and act upon it much more quickly. The creation of a permanent, nondegradable archive will eliminate the loss of film and so forth. Today, the growing importance of PACS on the fight against highly infectious disease is also identified.

scholarly journals Pattern of Lower Limb Doppler Ultrasonography Requests and Findings in a Tertiary Institution in Makurdi; North-Central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Chia Daniel Msuega ◽  
Annongu Isaac Terkimbi ◽  
Hameed Mohammed ◽  
Kator Paul Iorpagher ◽  
Abdullahi Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Non Invasive

Background: Doppler ultrasound scan (DUS) is a valuable, cost effective, and relatively rapid diagnostic technique that provides a non-invasive assessment of the vascular circulation in the lower limb. Aims: To determine the pattern of lower limbs Doppler requests in our environment and to evaluate the Doppler findings. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Radiology department of Benue state university Teaching Hospital over a one-year period from January 2018 to December 2018. Methods: We included 200 patients that had lower limb Doppler ultrasound for various indications. Data on age, gender, indications and findings was retrieved from departmental cards and case notes, then collated and analyzed using SPSS software version 23, with the P value taken as =.005. Results: Two hundred patients were scanned;106 males and 94 females with age range of 10-109 years. Their mean age was 34.2 ±13.5 years. Most patients 48(24.0%), who presented for Doppler sonography of the lower limb had diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), followed by left leg swelling in 42(21.0%) patients. DVT alone was indicated in 33(16.5%) patients. Both DFU and DVT were more in the male patients with a M:F ratio of 26:22 and 21:12 respectively. The indications for lower limb doppler ultrasound scan are seen to generally increase with increasing age, with the least among those less than 40years 32(16.0%) and highest among the greater than 60years age groups 89(44.5%). At doppler ultrasound, there are more patients with Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 104(52.0%). Normal study and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) have equal incidence respectively in 48(24%) of the patients. DVT and PVD were more in the male group with a M: F ratio of 55:49 and 27:21 respectively while normal studies were seen equally in both sexes (M: F=24:24). Conclusion: Doppler ultrasound has been shown to be a cost-effective and valuable non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of lower limb vascular diseases.

Design of a Human Knee Reeducation Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Allaoua Brahmia ◽  
Ridha Kelaiaia
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Kinematic Structure ◽  
Robotic Device ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Kinematic Study ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercise ◽  
New Machine

Abstract To establish an exercise in open muscular chain rehabilitation (OMC), it is necessary to choose the type of kinematic chain of the mechanical / biomechanical system that constitutes the lower limbs in interaction with the robotic device. Indeed, it’s accepted in biomechanics that a rehabilitation exercise in OMC of the lower limb is performed with a fixed hip and a free foot. Based on these findings, a kinematic structure of a new machine, named Reeduc-Knee, is proposed, and a mechanical design is carried out. The contribution of this work is not limited to the mechanical design of the Reeduc-Knee system. Indeed, to define the minimum parameterizing defining the configuration of the device relative to an absolute reference, a geometric and kinematic study is presented.

scholarly journals Effects of Dominant and Nondominant Limb Immobilization on Muscle Activation and Physical Demand during Ambulation with Axillary Crutches

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Kara B. Bellenfant ◽  
Gracie L. Robbins ◽  
Rebecca R. Rogers ◽  
Thomas J. Kopec ◽  
Christopher G. Ballmann
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Bipedal Walking ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
Limb Dominance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of how limb dominance and joint immobilization alter markers of physical demand and muscle activation during ambulation with axillary crutches. In a crossover, counterbalanced study design, physically active females completed ambulation trials with three conditions: (1) bipedal walking (BW), (2) axillary crutch ambulation with their dominant limb (DOM), and (3) axillary crutch ambulation with their nondominant limb (NDOM). During the axillary crutch ambulation conditions, the non-weight-bearing knee joint was immobilized at a 30-degree flexion angle with a postoperative knee stabilizer. For each trial/condition, participants ambulated at 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mph for five minutes at each speed. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored throughout. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record muscle activation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (SOL), and tibialis anterior (TA) unilaterally on the weight-bearing limb. Biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) sEMG were measured bilaterally. sEMG signals for each immobilization condition were normalized to corresponding values for BW.HR (p < 0.001) and RPE (p < 0.001) were significantly higher for both the DOM and NDOM conditions compared to BW but no differences existed between the DOM and NDOM conditions (p > 0.05). No differences in lower limb muscle activation were noted for any muscles between the DOM and NDOM conditions (p > 0.05). Regardless of condition, BB activation ipsilateral to the ambulating limb was significantly lower during 0.6 mph (p = 0.005) and 0.8 mph (p = 0.016) compared to the same speeds for BB on the contralateral side. Contralateral TB activation was significantly higher during 0.6 mph compared to 0.8 mph (p = 0.009) and 1.0 mph (p = 0.029) irrespective of condition. In conclusion, limb dominance appears to not alter lower limb muscle activation and walking intensity while using axillary crutches. However, upper limb muscle activation was asymmetrical during axillary crutch use and largely dependent on speed. These results suggest that functional asymmetry may exist in upper limbs but not lower limbs during assistive device supported ambulation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 era in long-term cardiac rehabilitation programs: how was muscle strenght and lean mass affected in cardiovascular patients?

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Borges ◽  
M Lemos Pires ◽  
R Pinto ◽  
G De Sa ◽  
I Ricardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Lower Limb Strength

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Exercise prescription is one of the main components of phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) programs due to its documented prognostic benefits. It has been well established that, when added to aerobic training, resistance training (RT) leads to greater improvements in peripheral muscle strength and muscle mass in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). With COVID-19, most centre-based CR programs had to be suspended and CR patients had to readjust their RT program to a home-based model where weight training was more difficult to perform. How COVID-19 Era impacted lean mass and muscle strength in trained CVD patients who were attending long-term CR programs has yet to be discussed. Purpose To assess upper and lower limb muscle strength and lean mass in CVD patients who had their centre-based CR program suspended due to COVID-19 and compare it with previous assessments. Methods 87 CVD patients (mean age 62.9 ± 9.1, 82.8% male), before COVID-19, were attending a phase III centre-based CR program 3x/week and were evaluated annually. After 7 months of suspension, 57.5% (n = 50) patients returned to the face-to-face CR program. Despite all constraints caused by COVID-19, body composition and muscle strength of 35 participants (mean age 64.7 ± 7.9, 88.6% male) were assessed. We compared this assessment with previous years and established three assessment time points: M1) one year before COVID-19 (2018); M2) last assessment before COVID-19 (2019); M3) the assessment 7 months after CR program suspension (last trimester of 2020). Upper limbs strength was measured using a JAMAR dynamometer, 30 second chair stand test (number of repetitions – reps) was used to measure lower limbs strength and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure upper and lower limbs lean mass. Repeated measures ANOVA were used. Results Intention to treat analysis showed that upper and lower limbs lean mass did not change from M1 to M2 but decreased significantly from M2 to M3 (arms lean mass in M2: 5.68 ± 1.00kg vs M3: 5.52 ± 1.06kg, p = 0.004; legs lean mass in M2: 17.40 ± 2.46kg vs M3: 16.77 ± 2.61kg, p = 0.040). Lower limb strength also decreased significantly from M2 to M3 (M2: 23.31 ± 5.76 reps vs M3: 21.11 ± 5.31 reps, p = 0.014) after remaining stable in the year prior to COVID-19. Upper limb strength improved significantly from M1 to M2 (M1: 39.00 ± 8.64kg vs M2: 40.53 ± 8.77kg, p = 0.034) but did not change significantly from M2 to M3 (M2 vs M3: 41.29 ± 9.13kg, p = 0.517). Conclusion After CR centre-based suspension due to COVID-19, we observed a decrease in upper and lower limbs lean mass and lower limb strength in previously trained CVD patients. These results should emphasize the need to promote all efforts to maintain physical activity and RT through alternative effective home-based CR programs when face-to-face models are not available or possible to be implemented.

Computed tomography angiography and microsurgical flaps for traumatic wounds: What is the added value?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lucas Sousa Macedo ◽  
Renato Polese Rusig ◽  
Gustavo Bersani Silva ◽  
Alvaro Baik Cho ◽  
Teng Hsiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Microsurgical flaps are widely used to treat complex traumatic wounds of upper and lower limbs. Few studies have evaluated whether the vascular changes in preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) influence the selection of recipient vessel and type of anastomosis and the microsurgical flaps outcomes including complications. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if preoperative CTA reduces the occurrence of major complications (revision of the anastomosis, partial or total flap failure, and amputation) of the flaps in upper and lower limb trauma, and to describe and analyze the vascular lesions of the group with CTA and its relationship with complications. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken with all 121 consecutive patients submitted to microsurgical flaps for traumatic lower and upper limb, from 2014 to 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with preoperative CTA (CTA+) and patients not submitted to CTA (CTA–). The presence of postoperative complications was assessed and, within CTA+, we also analyzed the number of patent arteries on CTA and described the arterial lesions. RESULTS: Of the 121 flaps evaluated (84 in the lower limb and 37 in the upper limb), 64 patients underwent preoperative CTA. In the CTA+ group, 56% of patients with free flaps for lower limb had complete occlusion of one artery. CTA+ patients had a higher rate of complications (p = 0.031), which may represent a selection bias as the most complex limb injuries and may have CTA indicated more frequently. The highest rate of complications was observed in chronic cases (p = 0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in complications in patients with preoperative vascular injury or the number of patent arteries. CONCLUSIONS: CTA should not be performed routinely, however, CTA may help in surgical planning, especially in complex cases of high-energy and chronic cases, since it provides information on the best recipient artery and the adequate level to perform the microanastomosis, outside the lesion area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document