scholarly journals The Composition and Functional Properties of Stingless Bee Honey: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127
Author(s):  
Izzati Shahira Rosidi Sujanto ◽  
Nur Syahidah Ramly ◽  
Asmaliza Abd Ghani ◽  
John Tang Yew Huat ◽  
Nadiawati Alias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Medicinal Food

Honey produced by the stingless bee were use since ancient times in almost every continent as food or for medicinal purposes. The usage of stingless bee honey proceeds from its composition and functional properties. Stingless bee honey has been reported to have many medicinal properties such as antiseptic, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Since early 20th century, various studies on the composition and functional properties of honey have been conducted worldwide and findings were tremendous. Stingless bee honey reported to have hundreds of bioactive compound. However, the composition and functional properties of stingless bee honey is differs depending on the source of honey; either influenced by the location of hive or by the species of stingless bee itself. This review provides the information on the composition and functional properties of stingless bee honey reported worldwide. The information gathered is very important to understand and to explain about the variability of nutritional composition in honey and how it might influence the value of stingless bee honeys as medicinal food.  

Social Practices of Confucianism at the Early 20th Century: Kang Youwei and the “Heaven People”. Kang Youwei. Datong shu, Sixth Part, Fragments, Trans. from Chinese into Russian and Comm. by Dmitry E. Martynov

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Dmitry E. Martynov ◽  
◽  
Yulia A. Martynova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kang Youwei ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
And Gender

Readers are invited to the first Russian translation of extracts from the first chap­ter of the sixth part Datong shu(“The Book of the Great Unity”) by Kang Youwei (1858–1927). Kang Youwei proposed an original project for the radical liberation of humanity, in which the traditional mechanisms of family, marriage and gender inequality and coercion will be eliminated, and the state will take care of each person at every stage of his life. Kang Youwei adhered to the view that the main goal of a person's life is to achieve a state of happiness and satisfy all emerging needs. Congenital hedonism is in conflict with the need to reproduce. According to Kang Youwei, the institution of the family was created in ancient times and is the product of violence and suppression. In the future, free partnership will be re­lieved of the burdens of raising and educating future generations.

scholarly journals Four Centuries of Medicinal Mosses and Liverworts in European Ethnopharmacy and Scientific Pharmacy: A Review

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1296
Author(s):  
Jacek Drobnik ◽  
Adam Stebel
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Wide Geographical Distribution ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Printed Sources

(1) Medicinal use of bryophytes dates to ancient times, but it has always been marginal due to their small size, difficult identification, lack of conspicuous organs which would attract attention (flowers, fruits) and insipid taste of the herb. The earliest testimonies of their medical use come from the 1500s. The interest in medicinal bryophytes diminished considerably in the 1880s, except for Sphagnum spp., which became a source of dressing material. The second half of the 20th century saw the revival of the study of bryophyte chemistry. (2) Historical printed sources from 1616 to 1889 were queried. Bryophyte species found were taxonomically identified and presented against the background of their confirmed properties and ecology. The study was supplemented with historical vs. modern ethnomedicinal data. (3) In 26 publications, 28 species were identified. Modern usage was known for 10 of them. Medicinal properties of 16 species were confirmed. (4) Species of wide geographical distribution range were (or are still being) used in local folk medicines. Historical ethnobiological and ethnopharmaceutical uses of them are sometimes convergent with their confirmed properties, mostly external (as antimicrobial or cytotoxic remedies).

History of Brazing

2005 ◽  
pp. x-xi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Abstract This chapter briefly reviews the history of brazing from ancient times to the early 20th century.

scholarly journals «Қазақ» гэх нэрийн дөрвөн хэлний дуудлагын тухай өгүүлэх нь (= Произношение этнонима ‘қазақ’ в монгольском, казахском, китайском и русском языках)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
Narmandakh Gombyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Traditional Spelling ◽  
Spelling Variant ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Independent Person ◽  
Written Sources

Introduction. Kazakhs are a Turkic people dominant in present-day Republic of Kazakhstan. The former also reside in adjacent territories of China, Russia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, and Turkey. Ancient written sources employed quite a number of ethnonyms — including the endonym қазақ (Qazaq) — to denote the ethnos. And the issue of etymology is still debatable. According to the main version, the word қазақ stands for a ‘free, unrestricted, independent person’. Goals. The paper seeks to examine spelling variants of the ethnonym in national languages of bordering countries — Mongolian, Chinese, and Russian. Results. The ethnonym has two spelling variants in Mongolian, namely: хасаг and казак. The former is the traditional spelling adopted by Mongols since ancient times. In Mongolian, the first syllable ка- (ka-) turns into ха- (kha-), which thus gave rise to the mentioned form. The second spelling variant was borrowed in the mid-to-late 20th century from Russian, and is a neologism. The Chinese hasake is as transformed as other ethnonyms, e.g., монгол (Mongol) — menggu, русский (Russian) — eluosi, ойрат (Oirat) — weilate, elute. Russians tended to call Kazakhs ‘Kirghiz-Kaisaks’, or ‘Kirghizes’ till the early 20th century. The latter ethnonym was replaced by қазақ (Qazaq), and further the spelling казах (Kazakh) was officially accepted.

scholarly journals An Updated Review on Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb). R Br

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Sangeetha S ◽  
Akhil Hari ◽  
Sijo Pattam ◽  
P. Nihal ◽  
A. Athira
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Wrightia Tinctoria

Since ancient times human utilized the nature to cure various ailments. The knowledge of medicinal plants resulted in the development of various indigenous systems of medicine worldwide. Serendipitous discovery as well as scientific approach on the reason for medicinal properties of plants gave the knowledge of chemical constituents such as secondary metabolites in plants. Wrightia tinctoria which is commonly known as ‘Danthapala’ is a known potential medicinal plant, the leaves of which is traditionally used in the treatment of psoriasis and non-specific dermatitis in Siddha and Ayurvedic systems of medicine and distributed in tropical region belongs to the family Apocynaceae. This plant is beneficial for the treatment of dandruff, various scalp and skin disorders. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on the various parts of the plant showed anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-cancer, anti-dandruff, wound healing and anti-anxiety activity. The current review focus on providing an update on the recent pharmacological and phytochemical investigations on the plant by researchers around the globe with special emphasis on Antisporiatic, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Cytotoxic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, Analgesic, Hepatoprotective, Anthelmintic, and Wound healing activities.

The Global Groundwater Revolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jac van der Gun
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Rapid Intensification ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Groundwater Systems ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Main Components

Human behavior in relation to groundwater has remained relatively unchanged from ancient times until the early 20th century. Intercepting water from springs or exploiting shallow aquifers by means of wells or qanats was common practice worldwide, but only modest quantities of groundwater were abstracted. In general, the resource was taken for granted in absence of any knowledge regarding groundwater systems and their vulnerability. During the 20th century, however, an unprecedent change started spreading globally—a change so drastic that it could be called the Global Groundwater Revolution. It did not surface simultaneously everywhere but rather encroached into different regions as waves of change, with varied timing, depending on local conditions. This Global Groundwater Revolution has three main components: (1) rapid intensification of the exploitation of groundwater, (2) fundamentally changing views on groundwater, and (3) the emergence of integrated groundwater management and governance. These three components are mostly interdependent, although their emergence and development tend to be somewhat asynchronous. The Global Groundwater Revolution marks a radical historical change in the relation between human society and groundwater. It has taken benefits produced by groundwater to an unprecedented level, but their sustainability is assured only if there is good groundwater governance.

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