2 Renewable energy diffusion in emerging markets – The micro perspective on barriers for wind farms and solar home systems

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Diffusion ◽  
Home Systems

scholarly journals Wind Energy Potential at Badin and Pasni Costal Line of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Mazhar H Baloch ◽  
Sohaib Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

Unfortunately, Pakistan is facing an acute energy crisis since the past decade due to the increasing population growth and is heavily dependent on imports of fossil fuels. The shortage of the electricity is 14-18 hours in rural areas and 8-10 hours in urban areas. This situation has been significantly affecting the residential, industrial and commercial sectors in the country. At this time, it is immense challenges for the government to keep the power supply provision continue in the future for the country. In this situation, it has been the increased research to explore renewable energy resources in the country to fulfill the deficit scenario in the state. The renewable energy sector has not penetrated in the energy mix, currently in the upcoming markets. This paper highlights the steps taken by the country in the past and is taking steps at the present time to get rid of from the existing energy crisis when most urban areas are suffering from power outages for 12 hours on regular basis. Until 2009, no single grid interconnected wind established, but now the circumstances are changing significantly and wind farms are contributing to the national grid is the reality now. The initiation of the three wind farms interconnection network and many others in the pipeline are going to be operational soon. The federal policy on wind energy system has recently changed. Surprisingly, the continuing schemes of the wind farm are getting slow. This paper reviews developments in the wind energy sector in the country and lists some suggestions that can contribute to improving the penetration of wind energy in the national energy sector.Keywords: Wind energy, evolution of wind resource, Wind sites of PakistanArticle History: Received Dec 16th 2016; Received in revised form May 15th 2017; Accepted June 18th 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Kaloi,G.S., Wang, J., Baloch, M.H and Tahir, S. (2017) Wind Energy Potential at Badin and Pasni Costal Line Pakistan. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 103-110.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.103-110

scholarly journals Over Equipment in Wind Farms Maintaining Grid Connection Power

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
António Brito ◽  
◽  
Luís Neves ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
Grid Connection

Over-equipment in wind farms maintaining grid connection power is a new sustainable procedure that is allowing the increase of energy producing in wind farms.In Portugal, one of the fundamental lines for the structural modernization of the country is the pursuit of an energy strategy focused on increasing electricity productionthrough renewable energy

scholarly journals The Development of Wind Farm Businesses and the Central Control of the Smart Grid in Spain: Making a Virtue of Necessity

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6582
Author(s):  
Santiago M. López ◽  
Mar Cebrián
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
History Approach ◽  
Installed Capacity

This paper lays out the role of the first centre in the world for the integration into the electrical grid of electricity coming from renewable energy (the Spanish acronym for which is CECRE (Centro de Control de Energías Renovables; Control Centre for Renewable Energies)) and the industrial development of large energy suppliers and wind turbine manufacturers in Spain. These two initiatives enabled the development of one of the first integrated markets for this type of energy source. The key contributions were the development of two software programs (wind management and management of solar light incidence), their visual implementation, and centralized digital control. An economic and business history approach is used to show the rise and relative failure of the Spanish wind industry during the period 2004–2015, when Spain became the fourth country after China, the US, and Germany in terms of installed capacity of renewable energy and, in relative terms, the second country after Denmark. This study is unique in that it provides an integrated vision of the reasons for the relative fall of Spain in the world ranking of wind energy producers. The methodology of the economic analysis of industrial policies makes it possible to explain the fall in the relative importance of Spain in the international panorama of wind farms

Optimized Dynamic Operation of Fixed-Speed Wind Farms Using Classical and Advanced Controllers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman A. Omar ◽  
Niveen M. Badra ◽  
Mahmoud A. Attia ◽  
Ahmed Gad
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Regulator ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Proportional Integral

AbstractElectric power systems are allowing higher penetration levels of renewable energy resources, mainly due to their environmental benefits. The majority of electrical energy generated by renewable energy resources is contributed by wind farms. However, the stochastic nature of these resources does not allow the installed generation capacities to be entirely utilized. In this context, this paper attempts to improve the performance of fixed-speed wind turbines. Turbines of this type have been already installed in some classical wind farms and it is not feasible to replace them with variable-speed ones before their lifetime ends. A fixed-speed turbine is typically connected to the electric grid with a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) across its terminal. For a better dynamic voltage response, the controller gains of a Proportional-Integral (PI) voltage regulator within the SVC will be tuned using a variety of optimization techniques to minimize the integrated square of error for the wind farm terminal voltage. Similarly, the controller gains of the turbine’s pitch angle may be tuned to enhance its dynamic output power performance. Simulation results, in this paper, show that the pitch angle controller causes a significant minimization in the integrated square of error for the wind farm output power. Finally, an advanced Proportional-Integral-Acceleration (PIA) voltage regulator controller has been proposed for the SVC. When the PIA control gains are optimized, they result in a better performance than the classical PI controller.

scholarly journals Investigation of the K-Mg-Ca Sulfate System as Part of Monitoring Problematic Phase Formations in Renewable-Energy Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5366
Author(s):  
Fiseha Tesfaye ◽  
Daniel Lindberg ◽  
Mykola Moroz ◽  
Leena Hupa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Binary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
And Control

Besides the widely applied hydropower, wind farms and solar energy, biomass and municipal and industrial waste are increasingly becoming important sources of renewable energy. Nevertheless, fouling, slagging and corrosion associated with the combustion processes of these renewable sources are costly and threaten the long-term operation of power plants. During a high-temperature biomass combustion, alkali metals in the biomass fuel and the ash fusion behavior are the two major contributors to slagging. Ash deposits on superheater tubes that reduce thermal efficiency are often composed of complex combinations of sulfates and chlorides of Ca, Mg, Na, and K. However, thermodynamic databases involving all the sulfates and chlorides that would favor a better understanding and control of the problems in combustion processes related to fouling, slagging and corrosion are not complete. In the present work, thermodynamic properties including solubility limits of some phases and phase mixtures in the K2SO4-(Mg,Ca)SO4 system were reviewed and experimentally investigated. Based on the new and revised thermochemical data, binary phase diagrams of the K2SO4-CaSO4 and K2SO4-MgSO4 systems above 400 °C, which are of interest in the combustion processes of renewable-energy power plants, were optimized.

scholarly journals Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Refoyo Román ◽  
Cristina Olmedo Salinas ◽  
Benito Muñoz Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
The World

Abstract Energy production by wind turbines has many advantages. The wind is a renewable energy that does not emit greenhouse gases and has caused a considerable increase in wind farms around the world. However, this type of energy is not completely free of impact. In particular, wind turbines displace and kill a wide variety of wild species what forces us to plan their location well. In any case, the determination of the effects of wind farms on fauna, especially the flying one, is difficult to determine and depends on several factors. In this work, we will try to establish a mathematical algorithm that allows us to combine all variables that affect the species with the idea of quantifying the effect that can cause the installation of a wind farm with certain characteristics in a given place. We have considered specific parameters of wind farms, the most relevant environmental characteristics related to the location of the wind farm, and morphological, ethological and legal characteristics in the species. Two types of assessment are established for the definitive valuation. Total Assessment and Weighted Assessment. Total Valuation is established based on a reference scale that will allow us to establish categories of affection for the different species while Weighted valuation allows us to establish which species are most affected.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Primary Energy Factor Values of Wind Turbines

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Tamašauskas ◽  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Patrikas Bruzgevičius ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Eu Member States

In order to fulfil the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, much attention has been paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is one type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article was to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of 100 investigated wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. Investigation results showed that the difference of the non-renewable primary energy factor between wind turbines due to capacity is 35%. This paper provides a recommendation with regard to EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations: All EU member states should use the same or very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factor of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document