Experiences of the Hungarian customs authority in international illegal wildlife trafficking

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Customs Administration ◽  
Protected Animal

In this paper, we examine how Hungarian customs officers perceive the role of Hungarian customs authority and its effectiveness in international illegal wildlife trafficking. We aim to identify the characteristics of international illegal wildlife trade, which also affects Hungary, and to evaluate the experience of customs officers. Most of these custom officers encounter such crimes of international nature. By assessing and publishing their experience one can take more effective action in the future. This approach allows to identify the methods of offense, the reasons of offense, and the difficulties faced by the custom authorities. To explore this, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 27 questions addressed to many members of the target group. The survey contained closed questions and, to a lesser extent, open-ended questions, allowing to learn both their objective experience and subjective opinions. Prior to the survey, we mapped out which units of the National Tax and Customs Administration would encounter most often international illegal wildlife trafficking, and then compiled the relevant issues that may allow effective action against this kind of incident. By devising the questionnaire, our aim was to assess how frequent illegal wildlife trafficking in Hungary is, what routes and hiding methods are typical, which species are affected, and what measures are needed to increase efficiency of combating trafficking. The questionnaire was completed by 202 experts. Results show that in course of their work most respondents (64%) have met International Wildlife Trafficking monthly. According to their experience, attempts are being made to smuggle various endangered animal and plant species into the country, mainly at the Liszt Ferenc International Airport in Budapest. According to respondents, in most cases, international networks may be behind the smuggling activity. Respondents believe that the effectiveness of combating wildlife trafficking can be improved by more frequent and thorough inspections, higher priority given to such cases, increased penalties, and special training of customs officers. Based on received answers, the paper highlights the phenomena and problems that generally occur globally in the inter-regional trade of illegal wildlife. These can be addressed by effective action of law enforcement officers and customs authorities. The fight against illegal trade in protected animal and plant species is considered high priority, as it causes loss of biodiversity and damage of the ecological balance, and it jeopardizes our sustainable future.

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN ENSURING THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Ahmedov ◽  
Yuliya Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Principle Of Legality

In 2020, the 75th anniversary of the Victory of the soviet people is celebrated over fascism. An important role in achieving this result in the conditions law enforcement officers also provided wartime assistance. The main purpose of their professional activities was to ensure the implementation of principles of legality.

scholarly journals Peranan Kepolisian dalam Penerapan Restorative Justice terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pengeroyokan yang Dilakukan oleh Anak dan Orang Dewasa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Haryanto Ginting ◽  
Muazzul Muazzul
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
School Students ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Law And Justice

<p class="1judul"><em><span>The Role of the Police in the Application of Restorative Justice to Perpetrators of Criminal Offenses Conducted by Children and Adults</span></em></p><p class="1judul"> </p><h1><span lang="EN-US">The rise of cases of brawl between high school students and even not only between high school students, but also has hit up to campuses, this often happens in big cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, and Medan. This study aims to determine the role of the Police in implementing Restorative Justice against perpetrators of criminal acts of beating carried out by children and adults that occurred in the District of Namo Rambe District of Deli Serdang. The research method is done by using descriptive qualitative method that is normative. Based on the data obtained in the results of this study, the authors draw conclusions as follows: The criminal justice system must always promote the importance of law and justice. But there is a false view that the measure of the success of law enforcement is only marked by the success of bringing a suspect to court and then being sentenced. The measure of success of law enforcement by law enforcement officers should be characterized by the achievement of values of justice in the community. The police as a state tool that plays a role in enforcing the law is expected to be able to respond to this by implementing a Restorative Justice mechanism.<strong></strong></span></h1>

The Politics of Spatial Testimony: The Role of Space in Witnessing Martyrdom and Shame During and After a Widely Televised and Collectively Perpetrated Arson Attack in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 120633122090609
Author(s):  
Eray Çaylı
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Spatial Turn ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Spatial Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Eastern

This article engages with the spatial turn in the analyses of and activism against political violence. It does so through an ethnography of memory activism around an arson attack in Turkey, which took place in 1993 in the central-eastern city of Sivas before live TV cameras and thousands of onlookers, including law enforcement officers. The attack killed 33 guests of a culture festival organized by an association representing Alevism, one of Turkey’s demographically minor faiths. A prevalent approach to remembering the arson attack has hinged on mobilizing testimony’s cognates witnessing and martyrdom as spatial mechanisms, drawing on the site of the arson attack and/or its widely televised images. This mobilization has followed its contemporaries from around the world in that it has considered violence’s effects on the subjectivity of its spatial witnesses reducible to unambiguous subject positions adopted in discrete historical moments, using the affective trope of shame to rigidify and hierarchize this positionality. In-depth conversations with, and observations among, memory activists discussed in this article, however, indicate two reasons why this consideration might be limited. First, the mutual impact between activists’ subjectivity and each in-person or visually mediated encounter they have had with the site of the arson attack has taken shape in entanglement with rather than in isolation from other such encounters. Second, the historical moments featuring in these encounters are also manifold rather than singular. The article argues that the politics of spatial testimony hinges on this manifoldness and entanglement.

Crime in woods: role of law enforcement officers in national forests

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne F. Tynon ◽  
Deborah J. Chavez ◽  
Joshua W.R. Baur
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
National Forests

scholarly journals The role of situational, system-situational, model approaches to the psychological training of law enforcement officers for extreme situations of professional activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P Korchemniy ◽  
Viktoriya Vahnina ◽  
Valeriya Vasil'eva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Situational Model ◽  
Psychological Training

The problem of psychological training of employees of law enforcement agencies remains relevant at the present time. The problem of professional training for extreme situations is of particular importance, as the choice of a methodological approach to the implementation of professional and psychological training of law enforcement officers. The most effective is the system-situational approach in combination with the model approach, which are based on the system approach. The authors consider the role of situational, system-situational, model approaches to the psychological training of law enforcement officers in extreme situations of professional activity. In the course of the theoretical analysis and empirical research, the conclusion is formulated about the significance and effectiveness of the system-situational approach, the use of which contributes to the formation of effective psychodiagnostic procedures. In the course of the study, the features of the psychological and managerial potential of employees of law enforcement agencies were identified. In modern conditions, a systematic approach is developing most intensively, which carries out a gradual study of the subject: from the general to the particular, taking into account the significance of the goal, its achievability. The article considers the system-situational approach as one of the most promising, especially in the aspect of empirical research of crisis and anti-crisis situations of operational and service activities. Within the framework of system-situational analysis, professionally significant activity is studied as a dynamic system.

scholarly journals The Role of Legal Culture in Corruption Eradication Effort (A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Japanese Corruption Crime Handling)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Laely Wulandari ◽  
Lalu Parman
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The One ◽  
Strong Culture ◽  
Eradication Effort

In a comparative study of Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia and Japan appears that law culture plays a significant role. Indonesia has special institution that deals with corruption while Japan does not have it. Nevertheless, cases of corruption in Indonesia are higher than in Japan. This is due to the Indonesian culture of ewuh pakewuh, reluctant, and has two different views in dealing with corruption. On the one hand, Indonesia rejects corruption, but on the other hand, it commits actions that support corruption. Meanwhile, Japan has a strong culture of shame for committing law violations both at the community level and law enforcement officers.  

scholarly journals Trend, Challenges and Opportunities of Illegal Wildlife Trafficking and Trade Activities within and through Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Mekbeb Tessema ◽  
Kumara Wakjira ◽  
Daniel Paulos ◽  
Wubua Mekonnen ◽  
Arega Mekonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
National Trends ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Having improved knowledge on global, regional and/or national trends in illegal wildlife trade is required to develop effective combating strategies. In this paper, nine years (2011–2019) data on illegal wildlife trade and trafficking (iwt) seizure records were used to explore trends in iwt activities in Ethiopia and to identify countries involved most in the iwt. Trends of iwt activities were assessed in two indicators: as relative transaction index (ti), and as relative weight index (for ivory [wi]) or as relative number of items for ivory and other wildlife products [ni]. To account for potential yearly variations in seizure rates, proxy variables to law enforcement efforts and effectiveness were used and predictive models that produced bias-adjusted estimates of relative trends in iwt activities were built. To explore the underlying reasons for the trend observed, relevant national officers were also interviewed to assess how well has been wildlife law enforcement working in combatting iwt in the country. Linear or polynomial regressions, where appropriate, were fitted to the seizure data to establish trends in transaction index over the nine years. A total of 842 incidences of iwt seizure instance reports, involving 18 animal species, were recorded in the country during the nine years period. However, the highest seizure (94%) rate was ivory and ivory products. Our results generally showed declining trends in both ti and wi or ni. The observed trend was also supported by the experts’ opinions and likely reflects the positive impacts of the country’s implementation of its wildlife laws. Other interesting findings of this study were that China represented the single most important destination country and Chinese nationalities were the most traffickers. In conclusion, the results provide detailed evidence to inform national and international decision making on key species implicated in the illegal trade. Similar periodic assessment of the situation of iwt within the country is needed to evaluate effectiveness of the country’s past and present measures and to revise its future combatting policies and strategies.

scholarly journals The Role of Investigators in Disclosing Corruption Cases of Village Fund Allocation in Kuningan District

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bayu Aji Dewantara ◽  
Handri Wirastuti Sawitri ◽  
Nurani Ajeng Tri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The State ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Community Roles

The number of corruption cases in the state administration system is increasing year after year. One of corruption cases occurred in the state administration system is corruption case of village funds. This study aims to identify the roles of and the obstacles faced by Kuningan District Prosecutor�s Office investigators in disclosing corruption cases of village fund allocation. This qualitative study applied a sociological juridical research method in which the data is presented in a systematic description and is analyzed by employing qualitative data analysis method. The results showed that Kuningan District Prosecutor�s Office investigators as law enforcement officers have a significant role in disclosing corruption cases of village fund allocation, namely identifying the crime of corruption, carrying out actions (full data, full bucket), conducting investigation, checking the suspects� identity, and conducting detention and searches. Further, there are some obstacles faced by Kuningan District Prosecutor�s Office investigators in disclosing corruption cases of village fund allocation, including the mismatch between regulations and actual practices in the field and the lack of human resources, facilities and infrastructures, and community roles.�Peran Penyidik dalam Mengungkap Kasus Korupsi Alokasi Dana Desa di Wilayah Hukum Kabupaten Kuningan�Angka kejadian korupsi dalam sistem penyelenggara negara masih mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Salah satu tindak pidana korupsi yang banyak terjadi dalam sistem penyelenggara negara adalah korupsi dana desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dan hambatan penyidik Kejaksaan Negeri Kuningan dalam mengungkap kasus korupsi alokasi dana desa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Data disajikan dalam uraian sistematis dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa penyidik Kejaksaan Negeri Kuningan sebagai aparat penegak hukum mempunyai peran yang sangat aktif dalam mengungkap kasus korupsi alokasi dana desa yaitu menemukan adanya tindak pidana korupsi, melakukan tindakan (full data full bucket), melakukan tindakan penyidikan, memeriksa identitas tersangka, melakukan penahanan dan penggeledahan. Terdapat beberapa hambatan yang dialami oleh penyidik kejaksaan dalam mengungkap kasus korupsi alokasi dana desa di antaranya ketidaksesuaian antara peraturan dengan tindakan di lapangan, kurangnya sumber daya manusia, fasillitas dan sarana yang belum memadai dan kurangnya peran masyarakat.

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