scholarly journals Senna siamea Seed Provenance of Zimbabwe: A Potential Oleic- and Linoleic-Acid-Rich Dietary Protein and Energy Source for Livestock and Poultry Feeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Ellis Ayayee ◽  
Bayanda Mdoda ◽  
Eliton Chivandi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Senna Siamea ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Gross Energy

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), off-veld ruminant livestock and commercial poultry production fail to meet the demand for meat and eggs. Intensified production to meet the demand requires nutritionally balanced feeds. Competition between humans, livestock and poultry for feed resources present a challenge hence the need for alternative feed resources. Indigenous trees seeds are potential sources of nutrients. Senna siamea, widely distributed in SSA, produces an abundance of seed. We evaluated, by chemical analyses, the potential of hulled (HSSM) and dehulled (DSSM) in S. siamea seed meal to supply nutrients in feeds. DSSM had higher DM, CP, EE, ash, P and gross energy (92.71±0.08%, 47.89±0.03%, 11.39±0.16%, 6.17±0.07%, 1.01±0.03% and 23.13±0.05 MJ/kg DM, respectively) content than HSSM (P<0.05). Amino acids were more concentrated (P<0.05) in the DSSM. HSSM’s CF, NDF, ADF and Ca content was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to that of the DSSM. The DM, CP, EE and gross energy (GE) content (89.48±0.09%, 21.75±0.09%, 4.71±0.41%, and 20.46±0.04 MJ/kg DM, respectively) of the HSSM though lower compared to in DSSM, are within range of conventional plant-derived dietary protein and energy sources for feeds. DSSM’s CP and GE is higher than that of conventional dietary protein and energy sources for feeds. The TSFAs (27.88±1.36% vs 27.53±0.59%) and TPUFAs (50.42±5.18% vs 53.42±2.12%) proportion of the HSSM and DSSM, respectively were similar. HSSM (21.69±0.18%) had a significantly higher proportion of TMUFAs than DSSM (19.03±0.21%). DSSM had a higher concentration of the fatty acids per unit mass since it had more than double EE content of the HSSM. In HSSM and DSSM palmitic (19.18±0.44% vs 18.63±0.37%), oleic (21.15±0.09% vs 18.45±0.01%) and linoleic acid (43.35 vs 50.62%), respectively were the dominant saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. S. siamea seed meals can potentially be exploited as oleic- and linoleic acid-rich dietary energy and protein sources in livestock and poultry feeds.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID FEEDING PERIODS ON FATTY ACID PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF Astyanax altiparanae

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. e618
Author(s):  
Katia Rodrigues Batista de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Daniel Abreu Vasconcelos CAMPELO ◽  
Weliton Pedro BATISTON ◽  
Wilson Massamitu FURUYA ◽  
Jener Alexandre Sampaio ZUANON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Quadratic Effects

The effects of feeding diets with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to Astyanax altiparanae for different periods were investigated on carcasses’ fatty acid profile and nutritional quality. The trial was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight feeding periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days) and four replicates. A total of 240 fish (3.4 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four aquariums and fed with the diet containing 32% crude protein, 15 MJ kg-1 gross energy, and 2.5% of CLA. Feeding CLA diet for 49 days resulted in the higher deposition of CLA, CLA isomers, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The isomer c9,t11 was highly deposited than the t10,c12. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3, and n-6 increased with feeding period, whereas saturated (SFA), monounsaturated, and medium-chain fatty acids decreased. PUFA/SFA ratio, DHA/EPA, EPA+DHA, and thrombogenicity index increased linearly. Whereas atherogenicity index reduced, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio increased in quadratic effects over feeding time. No difference was observed for the n-6/n-3 ratio. Feeding A. altiparanae with 2.5% of CLA for a minimum of 35 days improves the fatty acid profile and provides a commercial product with good nutritional quality and functional benefits.

scholarly journals Influence de l’huile de soja sur le poids et la taille des œufs des poules pondeuses « Warren »

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 16071-16077
Author(s):  
Clarisse Kinonton KONE YELAKAN ◽  
René Ahua KOFFI ◽  
Louis Guichard BOHOUA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acides Gras

La qualité des aliments de ponte est l’élément le plus important duquel dépendent les caractéristiques physiques et nutritionnelles des œufs. L’incorporation d’huiles végétales dans l’alimentation des pondeuses confère à cette alimentation, un apport en acides gras essentiels tel que l’acide linoléique. L’huile de soja est une huile végétale riche en acides gras polyinsaturés et a une forte concentration en acide linoléique, essentiel au bon fonctionnement de la ponte. Objectif : Ce présent travail se propose d’évaluer les effets de la supplémentation des aliments ponte à l’huile de soja sur le poids et la taille des œufs de poules pondeuses Warren. Méthodologie et résultats : L’expérience a porté sur 150 Warren de 20 semaines d’âge (entrée en ponte), scindés en 3 lots de 50 poules chacun. L’huile de soja a été introduite dans les aliments à raison de 0% (Lot 1 : Témoin), 2% (Lot 2) et 4% (Lot 3). Les aliments ainsi fabriqués ont été distribués quotidiennement aux poules. Les premières données de l’expérience ont été recueillies après un mois de ponte (25e semaine). Ces données ont permis de déterminer le poids et la taille des œufs collectés. Après 7 mois d’expérience, les résultats ont montré qu’une supplémentation de 2% et 4% d’huile de soja a permis d’améliorer le poids respectivement de 2,49 g et 1.36 g. Pour la taille des œufs, l’incorporation d’huile de soja à 2% et 4% donne des valeurs similaires mais supérieures à celles du lot témoins (0%). Conclusions et application des résultats : L’huile de soja se présente donc comme un outil d’amélioration du rendement des productions avicoles. Une application de l’utilisation de cette huile dans l’alimentation des volailles serait un atout pour le secteur avicole et permettra une amélioration du revenu des producteurs Mots clés : Aliments de ponte, huile de soja, acide linoléique, œufs. Yelakan et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Influence de l’huile de soja sur le poids et la taille des œufs des poules pondeuses « Warren » 16072 Influence of soybean oil on the weight and size of the eggs of laying hens "warren" ABSTRACT The quality of the laying feed is the most important element on which the physical and nutritional characteristics of eggs depend. The incorporation of vegetable oils in the diet of the layers gives this diet a supply of essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Soybean oil is a vegetable oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and has a high concentration of linoleic acid, which is essential for proper egg laying function. Objective: This present work aims to evaluate the effects of soybean oil laying feed supplementation on the weight and size of eggs from Warren laying hens. Methodology and results: The experiment involved 150 Warren 20 weeks old (entry laying egg), divided into 3 lots of 50 hens each. Soybean oil was introduced into foods at a rate of 0% (Lot 1: Control), 2% (Lot 2) and 4% (Lot 3). The feed thus produced was daily distributed to the hens. The first data of the experiment were recorded after one month of laying (25th week). These data allowed to determine the weight and size of the collected eggs. After 7 months of experience, results showed that supplementation of 2% and 4% soybean oil improved respectively the weight to 2.49 g and 1.36 g. For the size of the eggs, the incorporation of 2% and 4% soybean oil gives similar values but higher than those of the control lot (0%). Conclusions and application of the results: Soybean oil is therefore seen as a mean for improving the yield of poultry production. An application of the use of this oil in poultry feed would be an asset for the poultry sector and will improve the income of producers. Key words: egg laying feed, soybean oil, linoleic acid, eggs

scholarly journals Influences of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Poultry Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Pouya Yari ◽  
Abbas Moazami Goudarzi ◽  
Mansour Ahmadi ◽  
Jalal Masoumi ◽  
Somayeh Kamran Azad
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a potential role in the prevention of cancer tumors of the skin, breast, stomach and intestine. CLA also has the ability to prevent cardiovascular disease, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes, regulation of immune responses and change in body composition by reducing body fat. Fats that originated from the ruminants are the main sources of CLA. But poultry products are contain traces of these fatty acids. Fatty acids content in monogastric diets did not change after digestion and absorption, compared with ruminants. So use of synthetic CLA or its precursors, can increase the synthesis and save of this fatty acid in poultry products. After absorption, the CLA or its resources, are stored in phospholipids of call membrane, fatty tissue and eggs. Therefore attempts to enrich poultry production via CLA as an appropriate method for improving human nutrition by organic sources, will cause the useful results.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i4.12676

Effect of dietary protein level and conjugated linoleic acid supply on milk secretion and fecal excretion of fatty acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Schiavon ◽  
Franco Tagliapietra ◽  
Sara Pegolo ◽  
Giacomo Cesaro ◽  
Alessio Cecchinato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

Lipid Profile of Pig Tissues Contrasting in Meat Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Bekenev ◽  
Anatoly A. Arishin ◽  
Sergei N. Mager ◽  
Izolda V. Bolshakova ◽  
Natalia L. Tretyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

Background: Studies were carried out on two breeds of pigs - Pietrain (P), and Kemerovo (K), contrasting in composition of carcasses, and their hybrids. Objective: The purpose of this work was to establish the characteristics of the composition of lipids of intramuscular fat (IMF), back fat and serum, organoleptic qualities in animals of these breeds. Methods: Animals of 10 individuals in each group were fed on a standard feed and slaughtered with a live weight of 95-100 kg. The quality of carcasses, the biochemical characteristics of blood, the composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in meat and fat, and blood lipid peroxidation were determined. Results: Thickness on the back fat (BF) at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae with a live weight of 100 kg was 35.8 ± 1.65 mm in pigs of breed K, in hybrids - 27.6 ± 1.06, and in breed P - 19, 6 ± 1.43 mm. IMF in pigs of breed K was almost 4.5 times greater than that of breed P. IMF K breed contained 2 times less cholesterol than in P (2.34 vs. 4.68%). In the IMF, K was 2 times less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), than P, 7.82 and 15.22%, linoleic acid, 6.74% and 12.42% respectively (p &lt;0.005).The organoleptic properties of meat and salted back fat were significantly higher in breed K (P = 0.05). Conclusion: The data obtained allow us to establish priorities in the use of products of specific breeds of pigs, depending on medical requirements.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

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