scholarly journals Assessment of Paint Layers Quality 1. Field investigations on a railway bridge

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Emese Varga ◽  
Laszlo Fortuna ◽  
Daniel Lingvay ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
Nicoleta Oana (Butoi) Nicula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paint Layer ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Insulation Resistance ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Specific Resistivity ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Tisza River ◽  
Visual Observations

By electrical determinations, digital microscopy and visual observations, the anticorrosive insulation capacity of the paint layers applied to the three sections of a bridge over the Tisza River was assessed. The visual observations have highlighted the fact that on the Eastern section repainted in 2013, biofouling increases are significant (covers up to 10 % of the surface) - both ferns have been identified (Hypogymnia physodes and Xanthoria parietina), filamentous molds (Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger) as well as algae and moss (green - capable of photosynthesis). On paint applied in 1986, no bio fouling was visible but the painting material is aged and shows rust traces (5-10 % of the surface) and exfoliation between the paint layers (10-20 % of the surface). No bio fouling and/ or exfoliation/ degradation of the paint layer have been observed on the paint applied in 2014. Determinations of electrical insulation resistance correlated with those of the paint layers� thickness are closely related to the visual observations. The values obtained for the specific resistivity of the paint layers applied in 2013 (with bio fouling increases) are approx. 38 times lower than those applied in 2014. These findings suggest that the painting material used in 1983 for the top coat realization, showed major qualitative vices.

The Upper Cortex of Parmelia Saxatilis and other Lichen Thalli

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Anglesea ◽  
C. Veltkamp ◽  
G. N. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Detergent Mixture

AbstractA method, including treatment with an enzyme/detergent mixture, of revealing features of the cortical hyphal arrangement in lichen thalli is described. The cortex structure of Parmelia saxatilis, Xanthoria parietina, Hypogymnia physodes and Lecanora muralis is illustrated and described.

scholarly journals PHOTOPROTECTIVE, CYTOTOXIC AND PHOTOMODIFYING ACTIVITY OF LICHEN BIOMASS NON-POLAR FRACTIONS AGAINST HUMAN KERATINOCYTE (HaCAT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Volga M. Khramchankova ◽  
◽  
Matsvei V. Matveyenkau ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Human Keratinocyte ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Benzene Extract

In vitro, the photoprotective, cytotoxic and photomodifying properties of hexane and benzene extracts from the widely distributed in Belarus lichens Cladonia arbuscula, Evernia prunastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Ramalina pollinaria and Xanthoria parietina in the culture of human keratinocytes (HaCAT), are estimated. It was found that these extracts are not photoprotective, they have a photomodifying effect upon irradiation of keratinocyte cultures with ultraviolet light. Hexane extract of E. prunastri and benzene extracts of R. pollinaria and H. physodes at a concentration of 2.5 μg/ml are photoprotectors that weaken the effect of ultraviolet radiation by 1.6 ÷ 1.8 times. Extracts of C. arbuscula and X. parietina are photosensitizers – they increase the toxic effect of ultraviolet radiation by 10 or more times, regardless of the concentration of the extract in the nutrient medium. Hexane and benzene extracts of C. arbuscula and H. physodes lichens are cytotoxic to the HaCAT culture. With an increase in the dose of ultraviolet irradiation of keratinocytes from zero to lethal values, the benzene extract of R. pollinaria acted as a photoprotector at a concentration of 2.5 μg / ml, and as a photosensitizer at higher concentrations. The hexane and benzene extracts of E. prunastri and H. physodes exhibited sensitizing properties that increased with an increase in the concentration of lichen extracts. C. arbuscula hexane extract and X. parietina benzene extract were the most potent photosensitizers.

scholarly journals Техногенный ландшафт как средоточие разнообразия редких видов лишайников в Центральном Черноземье

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Evgeniya E. Muchnik ◽  
Nikolaj I. Zolotukhin ◽  
Nikolaj I. Degtyarev
Keyword(s):  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Parmelia Sulcata ◽  
Pseudevernia Furfuracea ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina

Цель – первое лихенологическое обследование техногенных отвалов Михайловского горно-обогатительного комбината (Железногорский район, Курская область) с прилегающими природными и урбанизированными территориями. Материалы и методы. Сборы материалов проводились маршрутным методом в течение 2017 и 2019-2020 годов, камеральная обработка осуществлялась с применением общепринятых лихенологических методик. Идентифицированные образцы хранятся в гербариях Центрально-Черноземного заповедника им. проф. В. В. Алехина и Станции юных натуралистов г. Железногорска. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявленная лихенобиота включает 88 видов (преимущественно макролишайников, вследствие методики сбора) из 38 родов, 18 семейств. Наиболее распространенные, металл-толерантные виды: геоплезные Cladonia fimbriata, C. coniocraea, эпигеидные C. rei, C. mitis, C. cornuta, C. furcata, C. phyllophora и C. gracilis, эпифито-эпиксильные Evernia prunastri, Parmelia sulcata, Xanthoria parietina, Hypogymnia physodes и Physcia adscendens. Составлен аннотированный список в различной степени редких видов, среди которых 4 новых для Центрального Черноземья (Cladonia cervicornis, Dibaeis baeomyces, Usnea dasopoga, U. lapponica); 5 новых для Курской области (Bryoria fuscescens, Cladonia carneola, C. deformis, Melanohalea septentrionalis, Peltigera extenuata); 6 занесенных в Красную книгу Курской области (Cladonia subrangiformis, C. subulata, Peltigera praetextata, Platismatia glauca, Pseudevernia furfuracea и Usnea subfloridana); еще 5 редки в области или на более обширных территориях (Acarospora veronensis, Protoparmeliopsis muralis, Ramalina pollinaria, Trapelia coarctata, Usnea hirta). Сосредоточение значительного числа редких видов в техногенных ландшафтах, по-видимому, обусловлено рядом причин: наличием крупных выходов редкого в области и Центральном Черноземье субстрата (ожелезненного песчаника); слабой конкуренцией со стороны сосудистых растений на бедных и обогащенных металлами почвах и грунтах; ботанико-географическим положением территории; спецификой локального загрязнения среды, представленного преимущественно «кислыми» поллютантами и частицами металлов. Заключение. Отмечена приуроченность регионально редких кустистых и листоватых эпифитов из экологической группы ацидофилов к насаждениям березы в изученных техногенных ландшафтах. Предложены некоторые меры охраны выявленных редких видов лишайников.

scholarly journals Assessment of Paint Layers Quality 2. Identification of biological species grown on a railway bridge

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Oana Nicula (Butoi) ◽  
Emese Varga ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
Iosif Lingvay
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Paecilomyces Variotii ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Lower Plants

The species from the increased biofouling on the paint layers applied to the metallic strength structure of a railway bridge located in a Natura 2000 protected area have been identified by specific biologic and microbiological methods. As a result of the analysis of the biological samples taken on the field, it has been found that relatively large variety of filamentous molds are present (Aspergillus fumigatus, Asprgillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces variotii, Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma viride, Stachybotris atra, Trichoderma sp., Alternaria sp and Penicillium sp.). Samples also show, lichens (Xanthoria parietina and Hypogymnia physodes) and lower plants capable of photosynthesis such as algae (Chlorophyta Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae) and moss (Lunularia cruciata, Marchantiophyta).

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LICHENS PREVALENT IN BELARUS

2017 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
D. V. Tapalsky ◽  
D. R. Petrenev ◽  
O. M. Khramchenkova ◽  
A. S. Doroshkevich
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Aim. Study spectrum and expressiveness of antibacterial and antifungal properties oflichen extracts. Materials and methods. Antimicrobial activity of acetone extracts from Hypogymnia physodes, Xanthoria parietina, Evernia prunastri, Ramalina pollinaria, Cladonia arbuscula lichens was determined by micro-dilution methods in broth for 4 - 500 mcg/ml concentrations against 13 strains from ATCC collection and 6 clinical isolates. Results. High antibacterial activity of H. physodes and C. arbuscular extracts against staphylococci and enterococci was detected (MIC 31 - 62 mcg/ml). Antimicrobial activity against enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was absent for all the extracts. E.prunastri, H.physodes and C arbuscula extracts were active against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains (MIC 250 - 500 mcg/ml). Antifungal activity (MIC 500 mcg/ml for 4 Candida strains) was only detected for the E. prunastri extract. Conclusion. H.physodes and C. arbuscula lichens can be examined as a perspective source of antibacterial substances, effective against antibiotics resistant staphylococci, streptococci and S. maltophilia strains.

scholarly journals Assessment of Lichens as Biomonitors of Heavy Metal Pollution in Selected Mining Area, Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Amer H. Tarawneh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Pseudevernia Furfuracea ◽  
Rhizocarpon Geographicum ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Spoil Heaps

Lichens have widely been used as bioindicators to reflect the quality of the environment. The present study was conducted to investigate the lichens diversity that grows on the surface of waste heaps from an abandoned old copper mine in Mlynky, Slovakia. In spite of the heavy metalcontaminated environment, we documented twenty species of lichens in the selected site. Taxonomically the most numerous group were represented by Cladonia with seven species, as well other species; namely, Acarospora fuscata, Cetraria islandica, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Hypogymnia physodes, Hypogymnia tubulosa, Lecanora subaurea, Lepraria incana, Physcia aipolia, Porpidia macrocarpa, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria parietina. The content of selected heavy metals (Cu, Fe, and Zn) in the predominant lichens Cetraria islandica, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia pyxidata, Hypogymnia physodes and Pseudevernia furfuracea were analyzed. The highest content of Cu, Fe, and Zn was found in Cladonia pyxidata collected from mine-spoil heaps with concentration 46 ± 4.4, 82.5 ± 22.6, 4.8 ± 1.6 mg/kg, respectively. Interestingly, Cladonia pyxidata collected from the forest surrounding the location showed 15 times lower concentration for Cu. Additionally, similar results were found for Fe and Zn.

Creating a standard method of controlling digital microscopes: the microscope access protocol (map)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
T. A. Dodson ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
T. A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Command Language ◽  
Access Protocol ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The process of moving to a fully digital microscopy laboratory requires changes in instrumentation, computing hardware, computing software, data storage systems, and data networks, as well as in the operating procedures of each facility. Moving from analog to digital systems in the microscopy laboratory is similar to the instrumentation projects being undertaken in many scientific labs. A central problem of any of these projects is to create the best combination of hardware and software to effectively control the parameters of data collection and then to actually acquire data from the instrument. This problem is particularly acute for the microscopist who wishes to "digitize" the operation of a transmission or scanning electron microscope. Although the basic physics of each type of instrument and the type of data (images & spectra) generated by each are very similar, each manufacturer approaches automation differently. The communications interfaces vary as well as the command language used to control the instrument.

Use of digital microscopy in process control during the manufacture of rubber-modified thermoplastics

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
M. T. Dineen
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conventional Film ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
Image Collection

The production of rubber modified thermoplastics can exceed rates of 30,000 pounds per hour. If a production plant needs to equilibrate or has an upset, that means operating costs and lost revenue. Results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used for process adjustments to minimize product loss. Conventional TEM, however, is not a rapid turnaround technique. The TEM process was examined, and it was determined that 50% of the time it took to complete a polymer sample was related to film processing, even when using automated equipment. By replacing the conventional film portion of the process with a commercially available system to digitally acquire the TEM image, a production plant can have the same TEM image in the control room within 1.5 hours of sampling.A Hitachi H-600 TEM Operated at 100 kV with a tungsten filament was retrofitted with a SEMICAPS™ image collection and processing workstation and a KODAK MEGAPLUS™ charged coupled device (CCD) camera (Fig. 1). Media Cybernetics Image-Pro Plus software was included, and connections to a Phaser II SDX printer and the network were made. Network printers and other PC and Mac software (e.g. NIH Image) were available. By using digital acquisition and processing, the time it takes to produce a hard copy of a digital image is greatly reduced compared to the time it takes to process film.

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