Creating a standard method of controlling digital microscopes: the microscope access protocol (map)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
T. A. Dodson ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
T. A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Command Language ◽  
Access Protocol ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The process of moving to a fully digital microscopy laboratory requires changes in instrumentation, computing hardware, computing software, data storage systems, and data networks, as well as in the operating procedures of each facility. Moving from analog to digital systems in the microscopy laboratory is similar to the instrumentation projects being undertaken in many scientific labs. A central problem of any of these projects is to create the best combination of hardware and software to effectively control the parameters of data collection and then to actually acquire data from the instrument. This problem is particularly acute for the microscopist who wishes to "digitize" the operation of a transmission or scanning electron microscope. Although the basic physics of each type of instrument and the type of data (images & spectra) generated by each are very similar, each manufacturer approaches automation differently. The communications interfaces vary as well as the command language used to control the instrument.

Building data storage systems and data networks to support digital microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
T. A. Dodson ◽  
T. A. Nolan ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
E. Völkl
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Analog Systems

As laboratories like the Materials Analysis User Center (MAUC) in the HTML at ORNL move from analog to digital imaging systems, the process for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and publishing research results is changing. In this case since original scientific data exist only in digital form, analog systems for gathering, storing, and transmitting data are being set aside in favor of digital systems. In order to adequately protect original scientific data and to ensure that digital laboratories have the same (or greater) functionality as analog laboratories, scientists must focus on building information systems that make data highly available, highly reliable, and quickly accessible. Meeting these three objectives imposes special requirements for both data storage systems and data networks. A data storage system for a digital microscopy laboratory must have a very large capacity (at MAUC, 30 GB). In addition, the data stored within the system must be highly available and highly reliable.

scholarly journals Building Data Storage Systems And Data Networks To Support Digital Microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
T.A. Dodson ◽  
T.A. Nolan ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
E. Völki
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Analog Systems

As laboratories like the Materials Analysis User Center (MAUC) in the High Temperature Materials Laboratory, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory move from analog to digital imaging systems, the process for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and publishing research results is changing. In this case since original scientific data exist only in digital form, analog systems for gathering, staring, and transmitting data are being set aside in favor of digital systems. In order to adequately protect original scientific data and to ensure that digital laboratories have the same (or greater) functionality as analog laboratories, scientists must focus on building information systems that make data highly available, highly reliable, and quickly accessible. Meeting these three objectives imposes special requirements for both data storage systems and data networks.

The bright future of digital imaging in scanning electron microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Digital Imaging Technology ◽  
Scanning Electron

One of the major advancements applied to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during the past 10 years has been the development and application of digital imaging technology. Advancements in technology, notably the availability of less expensive, high-density memory chips and the development of high speed analog-to-digital converters, mass storage and high performance central processing units have fostered this revolution. Today, most modern SEM instruments have digital electronics as a standard feature. These instruments, generally have 8 bit or 256 gray levels with, at least, 512 × 512 pixel density operating at TV rate. In addition, current slow-scan commercial frame-grabber cards, directly applicable to the SEM, can have upwards of 12-14 bit lateral resolution permitting image acquisition at 4096 × 4096 resolution or greater. The two major categories of SEM systems to which digital technology have been applied are:In the analog SEM system the scan generator is normally operated in an analog manner and the image is displayed in an analog or "slow scan" mode.

Activity of public control entities and development of distributed computing and distributed data storage systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
D. V. Gribanov
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Distributed Data Storage ◽  
Public Control ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Digital Assets

Introduction. This article is devoted to legal regulation of digital assets turnover, utilization possibilities of distributed computing and distributed data storage systems in activities of public authorities and entities of public control. The author notes that some national and foreign scientists who study a “blockchain” technology (distributed computing and distributed data storage systems) emphasize its usefulness in different activities. Data validation procedure of digital transactions, legal regulation of creation, issuance and turnover of digital assets need further attention.Materials and methods. The research is based on common scientific (analysis, analogy, comparing) and particular methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes (a method of interpretation of legal rules, a technical legal method, a formal legal method and a formal logical one).Results of the study. The author conducted an analysis which resulted in finding some advantages of the use of the “blockchain” technology in the sphere of public control which are as follows: a particular validation system; data that once were entered in the system of distributed data storage cannot be erased or forged; absolute transparency of succession of actions while exercising governing powers; automatic repeat of recurring actions. The need of fivefold validation of exercising governing powers is substantiated. The author stresses that the fivefold validation shall ensure complex control over exercising of powers by the civil society, the entities of public control and the Russian Federation as a federal state holding sovereignty over its territory. The author has also conducted a brief analysis of judicial decisions concerning digital transactions.Discussion and conclusion. The use of the distributed data storage system makes it easier to exercise control due to the decrease of risks of forge, replacement or termination of data. The author suggests defining digital transaction not only as some actions with digital assets, but also as actions toward modification and addition of information about legal facts with a purpose of its establishment in the systems of distributed data storage. The author suggests using the systems of distributed data storage for independent validation of information about activities of the bodies of state authority. In the author’s opinion, application of the “blockchain” technology may result not only in the increase of efficiency of public control, but also in the creation of a new form of public control – automatic control. It is concluded there is no legislation basis for regulation of legal relations concerning distributed data storage today.

СИСТЕМЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ ДАННЫХ С УЧЕТОМ АППАРАТНО-ПРОГРАММНОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3s) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
А.Г. Зуев ◽  
С.С. Махов
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Проведен краткий обзор структуры систем хранения данных в развитии от традиционных подходов до технологий, определивших современный вид систем хранения данных. Рассмотрены обобщенная структура и разновидности ее компонентов. Выделены основные требования, определяющие подходы к проектированию систем хранения данных. The paper presents a brief survey of data storage systems in its evolution from traditional approaches to technologies which have defined actual types of data storage. Besides, it considers a general structure and variety of its components, and lists main requirements defining design approaches.

SELF-TIMED ARCHITECTURE FOR MASKED SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
TASKIN KOCAK ◽  
GEORGE R. HARRIS ◽  
RONALD F. DEMARA
Keyword(s):  
Successive Approximation ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Digital Conversion ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Analog Signals ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Null Convention Logic ◽  
The One

In this paper, a novel architecture for self-timed analog-to-digital conversion is presented and designed using the NULL Convention Logic (NCL) paradigm. This analog-to-digital converter (ADC) employs successive approximation and a one-hot encoded masking technique to digitize analog signals. The architecture scales readily to any given resolution by utilizing the one-hot encoded scheme to permit identical logical components for each bit of resolution. The four-bit configuration of the proposed design has been implemented and assessed via simulation in 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Furthermore, the ADC may be interfaced with either synchronous or four-phase asynchronous digital systems.

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