scholarly journals Synergic and Antagonistic Action of Active Principles on Chromium-Lead Antagonism - in vivo Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Freeze Dried

Heavy metal pollution of the aquatic environment has become a major concern for the world. As natural water pollutants, heavy metals are among the most toxic due to their cumulative effect and the difficulty of being converted into insoluble compounds in the surface waters. Lead and its compounds are toxic to aquatic organisms, especially fish, even at low concentrations, being able to replace essential elements from the organism. Thus, we tested the concentration of chromium in tissues of Prussian carp�s fingerlings, exposed to chronic lead intoxication, following the synergic and antagonistic effects of some active principles from garlic and chlorella in various tissues. Our experiment was performed on 120 Prussian carps for 21-days as following: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% freeze dried garlic in feed), E3 group (75 ppm Pb into water + 2% freeze-dried chlorella in feed). At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples (gills, muscle, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, and kidney) were sampled after anaesthesia. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used to determination of chromium concentrations in tissues. Our results revealed that freeze-dried garlic presented antagonistic effect between administrated lead and tested chromium concentration, while the chlorella showed antagonistic and synergic action, depending on the organ tissue that we had analysed.

In vivo Experiments of Natural Products Protection of Antagonistic Effects of Lead on Iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747-2751
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Toxic Potential

Living organisms take nutrients from the environment, and together with them, substances with toxic potential � such as heavy metals. Lead is one common metal pollutant especially in aquatic environment, from where the fish can be intoxicated very easily. Bioavailability, distribution, toxic action, synergistic and antagonistic effects are characteristics which can alter the fish health. Our experimental study followed the effects of lead overload in water on iron distribution, in different tissues sample Carassius gibelio Bloch fish. We performed the experiment in four different fish groups: control C; lead � Pb (administration of lead in water 0.075mg/mL of water, as Pb(NO3)2 x � H2O); lead (the same dose) and 2% of freeze-dry garlic incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+garlic; lead (the same dose) and 2% chlorella incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+chlorella, for 21 consecutive days. The iron concentration was analysed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) from gills, muscle, skin (and scales), intestine, liver, heart, brain, ovary, testicles, and kidney. The obtained data presented a significantly decrease of iron content in all tested tissue samples that demonstrated, alteration of iron homeostasis, explained by a strong antagonistic effect of lead on iron. Our experiment showed that biologic active principles from garlic and chlorella act like natural protectors, and potentiate the iron deficiency even in the case of lead overload in aquatic environment, for fish.

Garlic and Chlorella Biomodulate Lead Toxicity on Manganese Homeostasis in Carassius gibelio Bloch

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 986-989
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Prussian Carp

Environmental pollution negatively affects the aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals are considered dangerous toxic elements for aquatic biota, as metallic elements or as salts which exhibit great stability. Among these, lead is toxic for all aquatic biotic components. Our research investigated the manganese distribution in tissue of Prussian carp fishes after lead intoxication, highlighted also the lead detoxifying potential of active principles from garlic and chlorella (powder). For our experiment 120 Prussian carp fingerlings, weighing 22-25g each, for 21 consecutive days, were divided according to the following treatments: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75ppm Pb in water as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O), E2 group (75ppm Pb in water+2% freeze-dry garlic in feed), E3 group (75ppm Pb in water+2% freeze-dry chlorella in feed). At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples (gills, muscle myotomers�epaxial, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, kidney) were collected after euthanasia with clove oil. Manganese concentration was analytical performed using AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry). Using fish as bioindicators of lead experimental contamination allowed us to obtain valuable informations about its ability to substitut/remove bioactiv minerals from animal tisssues. In the same time, we could emphasize the efficiency of natural antioxidants or chelators of edible plants (such as garlic) or algae (such as chlorella), to alleviat the lead impact on homeostasis of trace elements from tissues.

scholarly journals Quantitative histochemical determination of Na+ and K+ in microscopic samples using carbon furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
I P Sussman ◽  
L C MacGregor ◽  
B R Masters ◽  
F M Matschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Histochemical Technique ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Problem Data

Carbon furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure the Na and K content of freeze-dried microscopic tissue samples. This method was sufficiently sensitive to measure pmol amounts of Na and K from tissue weighing 10-60 ng. Within the spatial resolution of the microdissection procedure, ion diffusion that might occur during cryosectioning, freeze-drying, and dissection of the tissue did not seem to be a problem. Data obtained with this methodology were in agreement with previously reported values of the Na and K content of various tissues, thus supporting the usefulness of this quantitative histochemical technique.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of heavy metals present in cigarette and cigarette leachate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Michal ◽  
Anu Maria ◽  
Krishnakumar Velayudhannair ◽  
Xavier Vincent ◽  
Divya K. Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Leaching Behaviour ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract Smoked cigarette and butts are the most common forms of litter globally. The local water bodies and their compartments have been severely polluted by the accumulation of these litters and the cumulative effect of many cigarette butts littered in a centralised area may present a significant threat to the living organisms. It is essential to study the leaching behaviour of cigarettes to understand how the heavy metals are leached out into the aquatic ecosystem. In this context, we determined the concentration of different metals (such as Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sn, Zn & Hg) leached from the different brands of unsmoked and smoked cigarette and cigarette butts by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The results revealed that the amounts of heavy metal are higher in butt samples (USB and SB) of both cigarette and leachate irrespective of brands, compared to the tobacco part of the cigarette and the concentrations of certain toxic heavy metals in cigarettes were significantly different between cigarette brands tested. These results suggest that cigarette litter was found to be one of the major sources of metal contamination in the aquatic ecosystem and apparent leaching may increase the risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms.

In vivo Experiments (Carassius gibelio Bloch) on Copper Homeostasis Alteration After Lead Intoxication and Natural Biologic-active Principles Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1807-1810
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Tiberiu Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Carassius Gibelio

Minerals are involved in the most metabolic pathways and are necessary for living organisms in different concentrations. When the concentration of these biominerals is unbalanced due to different factors, the metabolic processes are disturbed and the organism tries to find recovery solutions. Cu is one mineral indispensable for living organism, also for fishes, and its concentration it could be drastically reduced by the presence of high concentration of some heavy metals � like Pb, due to antagonistic effect. Our research evaluates the Pb toxic potential on Carassius gibelio Bloch on Cu distribution in different tissues and two natural solutions for potentiation of antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu. We worked on four different fish groups: control group (C); and for three experimental groups we add 75 ppm Pb � as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O into the water from aquarium. To potent the Pb toxicity we add into the grounded fish feed 2% lyophilized garlic to E3 group and 2% chlorella to E4 group. Every group had 30 fishes in separate aquarium, the fishes were fed every 2 times a day and had 12h alternate light and dark. After 21 days of experiment the fishes were euthanized with cloves oil and the tissue samples were collected (brain, gill, gonads, intestine, kidney, liver, striated muscle � epaxial myotomes, cardiac muscle, and skin). The samples were analytical prepared for AAS in order to determinate the Cu concentration in all tissue samples. The results presented the best protection of garlic against antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu in brain and testicles, and the lowest protection in muscle-striatal; while chlorella best protection was observed in heart muscle, brain, kidney and liver, and lowest protection in muscle-striatal.

Selenium and mercury in organisms: Interactions and mechanisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (NA) ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Yi Yang ◽  
Yu-Wei Chen ◽  
John M. Gunn ◽  
Nelson Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Mercuric Mercury

This paper reviews the growing literature dealing with the antagonistic effect of selenium (Se) compounds on the toxicity of mercury (Hg) compounds in higher animals and organisms present in the aquatic environment. It covers both laboratory and field studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms that explain the protective action of Se compounds on mercuric mercury (Hg2+) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+) toxicity. The review is subdivided according to the molecular form of Hg and the organisms in which the antagonism has been studied. Many authors suggest that the protective effect of selenite on the toxicity of Hg2+in mammals is due mainly to the in vivo formation of mercuric selenide (HgSe), a stable and biologically inert complex. The detection of HgSe has been confirmed in several studies in support of this mechanism. Possible mechanisms that may be involved in the antagonism between Se compounds and CH3Hg+in mammals and aquatic organisms are also presented. The possibility of adding Se compounds to contaminated lakes and reservoirs as a remediation technique to limit the bioaccumulation of Hg2+and CH3Hg+is critically discussed.

Preparation of cultured astrocytes for x-ray microanalysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 988-989
Author(s):  
N.K.R. Smith ◽  
K.E. Hunter ◽  
P. Mobley ◽  
L.P. Felpel
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ultimate Objective

Electron probe energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (XRMA) offers a powerful tool for the determination of intracellular elemental content of biological tissue. However, preparation of the tissue specimen , particularly excitable central nervous system (CNS) tissue , for XRMA is rather difficult, as dissection of a sample from the intact organism frequently results in artefacts in elemental distribution. To circumvent the problems inherent in the in vivo preparation, we turned to an in vitro preparation of astrocytes grown in tissue culture. However, preparations of in vitro samples offer a new and unique set of problems. Generally, cultured cells, growing in monolayer, must be harvested by either mechanical or enzymatic procedures, resulting in variable degrees of damage to the cells and compromised intracel1ular elemental distribution. The ultimate objective is to process and analyze unperturbed cells. With the objective of sparing others from some of the same efforts, we are reporting the considerable difficulties we have encountered in attempting to prepare astrocytes for XRMA.Tissue cultures of astrocytes from newborn C57 mice or Sprague Dawley rats were prepared and cultured by standard techniques, usually in T25 flasks, except as noted differently on Cytodex beads or on gelatin. After different preparative procedures, all samples were frozen on brass pins in liquid propane, stored in liquid nitrogen, cryosectioned (0.1 μm), freeze dried, and microanalyzed as previously reported.

Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. D. Shelburne ◽  
Peter Ingram ◽  
Victor L. Roggli ◽  
Ann LeFurgey
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

Scintigraphic Detection of Experimental Myocardial Infarction with 99mTc-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 317-319
Author(s):  
J. Novák ◽  
Y. Mazurová ◽  
J. Kubíček ◽  
J. Yižd’a ◽  
P. Kafka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Experimental Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Scintigraphic Imaging ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Scintigraphic Finding

SummaryAcute myocardial infarctions were produced by ligature of the left frontal descending coronary artery in 9 dogs. The possibility of scintigraphic imaging with 99mTc-DMSA 4 hrs after intravenous administration was studied. The infarctions were 4, 24 and 48 hrs old. The in vivo scan was positive in only one dog with a 4-hr old infarction. The in vivo scans were confirmed by the analysis of the radioactivity in tissue samples. The accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical increased slightly in 48-hr old lesions; however, this increase was not sufficient for a positive scintigraphic finding. Thus, we do not recommend 99mTc-DMSA for clinical use in acute lesions.

Metallic Elements (Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn) Toxicity Effects Determination on a Fresh Water Fish Cyprinus Carpio (Common Carp) Laboratory Acclimatized

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1711-1715
Author(s):  
Stefania Gheorghe ◽  
Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽  
Cristina Gligor ◽  
Irina Eugenia Lucaciu ◽  
Mihai Nita Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Vitro Effect

Metallic elements copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) are some of the most commonly found in water and sediment samples collected from the Danube - Danube Delta. These elements are important as essential micronutrients, being normally present at low concentrations in biological organisms, but in high concentrations they become toxic with immediate and delayed effects. The role of this metals is still controversial, that�s why bioconcentration potential is so important. In this non-clinical study, we tested in vitro effect of heavy metals on carp, Cyprinus carpio, reproducing in vivo presence of Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn in the Romanian�s surface water. The toxicity tests were performed according to OECD 203 by detecting the average (50%) lethal concentration - LC50 on aquatic organisms (freshwater fish) at 96h. The results pointed out that, copper value for LC 50 at 96h was estimated as 3.4 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.1 - 4.75 mg/L). Zinc value for LC 50 at 96h was estimated as 20.8 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.028 � 29.6 mg/L). Nickel value for LC 50 at 96h was estimated as 40.1 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.008 - 84.5 mg/L). For manganese the mortality effects has recorded at LC 50 at 96h at estimated value higher than 53 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.04 - 53.9 mg/L). The accuracy of the testing metals concentration was insured by the screening of the dilution water, as well as food and control fish, acclimated in laboratory conditions.

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