In vivo Experiments (Carassius gibelio Bloch) on Copper Homeostasis Alteration After Lead Intoxication and Natural Biologic-active Principles Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1807-1810
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Tiberiu Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Carassius Gibelio

Minerals are involved in the most metabolic pathways and are necessary for living organisms in different concentrations. When the concentration of these biominerals is unbalanced due to different factors, the metabolic processes are disturbed and the organism tries to find recovery solutions. Cu is one mineral indispensable for living organism, also for fishes, and its concentration it could be drastically reduced by the presence of high concentration of some heavy metals � like Pb, due to antagonistic effect. Our research evaluates the Pb toxic potential on Carassius gibelio Bloch on Cu distribution in different tissues and two natural solutions for potentiation of antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu. We worked on four different fish groups: control group (C); and for three experimental groups we add 75 ppm Pb � as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O into the water from aquarium. To potent the Pb toxicity we add into the grounded fish feed 2% lyophilized garlic to E3 group and 2% chlorella to E4 group. Every group had 30 fishes in separate aquarium, the fishes were fed every 2 times a day and had 12h alternate light and dark. After 21 days of experiment the fishes were euthanized with cloves oil and the tissue samples were collected (brain, gill, gonads, intestine, kidney, liver, striated muscle � epaxial myotomes, cardiac muscle, and skin). The samples were analytical prepared for AAS in order to determinate the Cu concentration in all tissue samples. The results presented the best protection of garlic against antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu in brain and testicles, and the lowest protection in muscle-striatal; while chlorella best protection was observed in heart muscle, brain, kidney and liver, and lowest protection in muscle-striatal.

In vivo Experiments of Natural Products Protection of Antagonistic Effects of Lead on Iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747-2751
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Toxic Potential

Living organisms take nutrients from the environment, and together with them, substances with toxic potential � such as heavy metals. Lead is one common metal pollutant especially in aquatic environment, from where the fish can be intoxicated very easily. Bioavailability, distribution, toxic action, synergistic and antagonistic effects are characteristics which can alter the fish health. Our experimental study followed the effects of lead overload in water on iron distribution, in different tissues sample Carassius gibelio Bloch fish. We performed the experiment in four different fish groups: control C; lead � Pb (administration of lead in water 0.075mg/mL of water, as Pb(NO3)2 x � H2O); lead (the same dose) and 2% of freeze-dry garlic incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+garlic; lead (the same dose) and 2% chlorella incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+chlorella, for 21 consecutive days. The iron concentration was analysed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) from gills, muscle, skin (and scales), intestine, liver, heart, brain, ovary, testicles, and kidney. The obtained data presented a significantly decrease of iron content in all tested tissue samples that demonstrated, alteration of iron homeostasis, explained by a strong antagonistic effect of lead on iron. Our experiment showed that biologic active principles from garlic and chlorella act like natural protectors, and potentiate the iron deficiency even in the case of lead overload in aquatic environment, for fish.

The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2009
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Mirela Ahmadi ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Living Organisms

In living organisms lead is classified as potential toxic metal, and in high concentration can produce intoxication with the alteration of some vital organs, especially liver and kidney. In aquatic environment lead can be absorbed by fishes and other organisms, with different distribution in various tissues. Our aim of experiment was to verify and demonstrate the protective effect of lyophilized garlic and chlorella against bioaccumulation of lead in fishes living in aquatic environment deliberated polluted with lead. Thus, lyophilized garlic and chlorella administrated as supplements in fodder for fishes (Carassius gibelio) diminished the antagonistic effect of lead against zinc in all tested tissues: liver, kidney, heart, brain, ovary, testis, muscles myotome � epaxial, skin � with scales, gills, and intestine.

Agitation Techniques to Enhance Drainage of Retained Hemothorax

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062097800
Author(s):  
Ian A. Makey ◽  
Nitin A. Das ◽  
Samuel Jacob ◽  
Magdy M. El-Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Colleen M. Makey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
Retained Hemothorax ◽  
And Control ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Benchtop Model

Background. Retained hemothorax (RH) is a common problem in cardiothoracic and trauma surgery. We aimed to determine the optimum agitation technique to enhance thrombus dissolution and drainage and to apply the technique to a porcine-retained hemothorax. Methods. Three agitation techniques were tested: flush irrigation, ultrasound, and vibration. We used the techniques in a benchtop model with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and pig hemothorax with tPA. We used the most promising technique vibration in a pig hemothorax without tPA. Statistics. We used 2-sample t tests for each comparison and Cohen d tests to calculate effect size (ES). Results. In the benchtop model, mean drainages in the agitation group and control group and the ES were flush irrigation, 42%, 28%, and 2.91 ( P = .10); ultrasound, 35%, 27%, and .76 ( P = .30); and vibration, 28%, 19%, and 1.14 ( P = .04). In the pig hemothorax with tPA, mean drainages and the ES of each agitation technique compared with control (58%) were flush irrigation, 80% and 1.14 ( P = .37); ultrasound, 80% and 2.11 ( P = .17); and vibration, 95% and 3.98 ( P = .06). In the pig hemothorax model without tPA, mean drainages of the vibration technique and control group were 50% and 43% (ES = .29; P = .65). Discussion. In vitro studies suggested flush irrigation had the greatest effect, whereas only vibration was significantly different vs the respective controls. In vivo with tPA, vibration showed promising but not statistically significant results. Results of in vivo experiments without tPA were negative. Conclusion. Agitation techniques, in combination with tPA, may enhance drainage of hemothorax.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Micelles for NIR/GSH-Triggered Chemophototherapy of Cancer

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Zhang ◽  
Yuzhuo Wang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Hou Liu ◽  
Yueqi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mixed Micelles ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Low Efficiency

The chemotherapy of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (SDDSs) is a promising method to enhance cancer treatment effects. However, the low efficiency of chemotherapy drugs and poor degradation partly limit the application of SDDSs. Herein, we report doxorubicin (DOX)-loading mixed micelles for biotin-targeting drug delivery and enhanced photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Glutathione (GSH)-responsive mixed micelles were prepared by a dialysis method, proportionally mixing polycaprolactone-disulfide bond-biodegradable photoluminescent polymer (PCL-SS-BPLP) and biotin-polyethylene glycol-cypate (biotin-PEG-cypate). Chemically linking cypate into the mixed micelles greatly improved cypate solubility and PTT/PDT effect. The micelles also exhibited good monodispersity and stability in cell medium (~119.7 nm), low critical micelles concentration, good biodegradation, and photodecomposition. The high concentration of GSH in cancer cells and near-infrared light (NIR)-mediated cypate decomposition were able to achieve DOX centralized release. Meanwhile, the DOX-based chemotherapy combined with cypate-based NIR-triggered hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species could synergistically induce HepG2 cell death and apoptosis. The in vivo experiments confirmed that the micelles generated hyperthermia and achieved a desirable therapeutic effect. Therefore, the designed biodegradable micelles are promising safe nanovehicles for antitumor drug delivery and chemo/PTT/PDT combination therapy.

The effects of intravitreally injected bevacizumab on the retina and retina pigment epithelium: experimental in-vivo electron microscopic study in intact versus vitrectomized eyes

Open Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufer Kocak ◽  
Candan Ozogul ◽  
Suleyman Kaynak ◽  
Ulker Sonmez ◽  
Mehmet Zengin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Electron Microscopes

AbstractTo analyze the retinal toxicity of bevacizumab at various doses both in vitrectomized and non-vitrectomized rabbit models. Twenty- eight rabbits were included in the study. Twenty- four rabbits were assigned to six groups, with 4 of the rabbits in the control group. The animals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 received bevacizumab at a dose of 0.3 mg, 0.5 mg and 1.5 mg /eye, respectively. The rabbits in Groups 4, 5 and 6 received intravitreal bevacizumab of 0.3 mg, 0.5 mg and 1.5mg/eye, respectively, after gas compression vitrectomy. Two weeks after the procedure, the rabbits were euthanized. Retina tissue samples were then obtained and examined with both light and electron microscopes. In Groups 1, 2 and 3 after bevacizumab injection, toxic degeneration in the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium cells was observed via electron microscopic examination. The findings in Groups 4 and 5 were normal as compared to the control group. In Group 6, toxicity in the bipolar neurons and photoreceptor cells was noticed. Increased toxicity and retinal penetration were noticed in all administered doses of bevacizumab in the presence of vitreous. In addition, ocular toxicity occurred through the injection of the highest dose of bevacizumab after vitrectomy. It is possible that the bevacizumab dose and the, vitreous are as important as the drug half-life in the vitreous.

Photodynamic effects of Radachlorin® on cervical cancer model

2005 ◽  
Vol 09 (12) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Young Kwak ◽  
Dae-Seog Lim ◽  
Su-Mi Bae ◽  
Yong-Wook Kim ◽  
Joon-Mo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been reported to be effective for treating various tumors and induce apoptosis in many tumor cells. In this study, we examined a biological significance of PDT with a chlorin-based photosensitizer, Radachlorin®, in a cervical cancer model, TC-1 cells. When TC-1 cells were exposed to varied doses of Radachlorin® with light irradiation (6.25 J/cm2), PDT induced a dose-dependent growth inhibition of TC-1 cells. All of these cells were significantly damaged after light irradiation and categorized to be early and late apoptosis, as determined by annexin V staining. Radachlorin® localized primarily into the Golgi apparatus of cells in 12 h of the treatment, and weak fluorescence intensity was also detected in mitochondria. On the other hand, in the in vivo experiments, following light irradiation (100 J/cm2), retarded tumor growth was significant in mice treated with Radachlorin®, as compared to the control group. Taken together, we propose that PDT after the application of Radachlorin® may induce the Golgi apparatus-mediated apoptosis of cervical cancer cells in vitro, and also be effective in the mice system.

scholarly journals Synthetic Amphoteric Cryogels as an Antidote against Acute Heavy Metal Poisoning

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7601
Author(s):  
Alzhan Z. Baimenov ◽  
Ildar R. Fakhradiyev ◽  
Dmitriy A. Berillo ◽  
Timur Saliev ◽  
Sergey V. Mikhalovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Acid Sodium Salt

The effectiveness of an amphoteric cryogel (AAC) as an oral sorbent (enerosorbent) for the treatment of acute poisoning of small animals (rats) with heavy metals (HMs) was studied in in vivo experiments. The morphological structure of the cryogel was examined using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and confocal microscopy. The use of the cryogel in the treatment of rats administered an LD50 dose of Cd(NO3)2, CsNO3, Sr(NO3)2, or HgCl2 in aqueous solution showed their high survival rate compared to the control group, which did not receive such treatment. The histological and chemical analysis of internal tissues and the biochemical analysis of the blood of the experimental animals showed the effectiveness of the cryogel in protecting the animals against the damaging effect of HMs on the organism comparable with unithiol, a chelating agent based on 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid sodium salt (DMPS) approved for the treatment of acute poisoning with some heavy metals.

scholarly journals Isolation Purification and Partial Characterization of Antisnake Venom Plant Peptide (BRS-P19) from Bauhinia rufescens (LAM FAM) Seed as Potential Alternative to Serum-Based Antivenin

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
I. Sani ◽  
A.A. Umar ◽  
S.A. Jiga ◽  
F. Bello ◽  
A. Abdulhamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Potential Alternative

Several studies have been reported on active peptides isolated from some medicinal plants, which were effective inhibitors against snake venom induced toxicities. Hence, the aim of this research work was to isolate, purify and characterize an antisnake venom plant peptide from Bauhinia rufescens seed that can serve as potential alternative to serum-based antivenins. B. rufescens seed was collected, duly identified, authenticated and processed. The peptide was isolated from the seed and purified using gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE and then named as BRS-P19. Venom Phospholipase A2 (VPLA2) was used for the study and was isolated from Naja nigricollis venom. Albino mice of both sexes were used for in vivo experiments. They were divided into seven (7) groups of three (3) mice each. Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 were injected with VPLA2 only, group 3 and 4 were injected with VPLA2 then treated with BRS-P19 at doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg b.w. respectively, while mice in group 5 were injected with VPLA2 then treated with standard antivenin, group 6 and 7 were injected with VPLA2 followed by administration of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol respectively. In all the groups, hepatic and renal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined. The results showed that, the BRS-P19 has molecular weight of ~19kD. Its percentage in vitro inhibitory effect against VPLA2 was 91.85 ± 0.32%. For the in vivo study, the animals treated with 0.4 mg/kg b.w. of the BRS-P19 showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the hepatic and renal ROS and MDA levels when compared with the VPLA2 untreated group. But, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in all the treated groups were significantly (P<0.05) increased by the BRS-P19 at 0.4 mg/kg b.w. when compared to the VPLA2 untreated group. Based on these findings, it has been established that, BRS-P19 has antisnake venom effect through inhibition of VPLA2 and antioxidant activity as the possible mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of an Original Amino-Isocyanonaphthalene (ICAN) Compound Family: Promising Broad Spectrum Antifungals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Miklós Nagy ◽  
Gábor Szemán-Nagy ◽  
Alexandra Kiss ◽  
Zsolt László Nagy ◽  
László Tálas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Multiple drug resistant fungi pose a serious threat to human health, therefore the development of completely new antimycotics is of paramount importance. The in vitro antifungal activity of the original, 1-amino-5-isocyanonaphthalenes (ICANs) was evaluated against reference strains of clinically important Candida species. Structure-activity studies revealed that the naphthalene core and the isocyano- together with the amino moieties are all necessary to exert antifungal activity. 1,1-N-dimethylamino-5-isocyanonaphthalene (DIMICAN), the most promising candidate, was tested further in vitro against clinical isolates of Candida species, yielding a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.04–1.25 µg/mL. DIMICAN was found to be effective against intrinsically fluconazole resistant Candida krusei isolates, too. In vivo experiments were performed in a severly neutropenic murine model inoculated with a clinical strain of Candida albicans. Daily administration of 5 mg/kg DIMICAN intraperitoneally resulted in 80% survival even at day 13, whereas 100% of the control group died within six days. Based on these results, ICANs may become an effective clinical lead compound family against fungal pathogens.

Promising in vitro Anti-Toxoplasma gondii effects of commercial Chitosan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Rahimi Esboei ◽  
Masoud Keighobadi ◽  
Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar ◽  
Ahmad Daryani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease that results from infection with an obligate intracellular T. gondii parasite, one of the world's most common parasites. Considering the complications of chemical drugs and the need for an appropriate drug combination for treatment of toxoplasmosis and also considering the antimicrobial potential of chitosan, as a natural source, this study was aimed to evaluate in vitro activity of commercial chitosan (CC) on T. gondii. Methods: In this experimental study, the tachyzoites of T. gondii was collected from the peritoneal exudates from infected Balb/c mice. The tachyzoites were diluted in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Chitosan with low molecular weight was commercially purchased. Then, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL and after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes the viability of tachyzoites were determined by using trypan blue 0.1%. Anti-T.gondii activity of CC in all concentration was significantly higher than pyrimethamine as control group (P=0.05). Results: The concentration of 200 µg/mL of CC had the highest effects and killed 30.5, 52, 59 and 81.5% of tachyzoites after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Moreover, IC50 values of CC were 515, 171, 12.5 and <10 μg/mL in comparison with pyrimethamine as 58.82 μg/mL for 30, 60, 120, and 180 min of exposure time. Conclusion: Our results indicate chitosan in low molecular weight had potent activity against T. gondii tachyzoites and could be an appropriate candidate for treatment of at least acute toxoplasmosis, certainly, after complementary in vivo experiments.

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