In vivo Experiments of Natural Products Protection of Antagonistic Effects of Lead on Iron

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2747-2751
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Toxic Potential

Living organisms take nutrients from the environment, and together with them, substances with toxic potential � such as heavy metals. Lead is one common metal pollutant especially in aquatic environment, from where the fish can be intoxicated very easily. Bioavailability, distribution, toxic action, synergistic and antagonistic effects are characteristics which can alter the fish health. Our experimental study followed the effects of lead overload in water on iron distribution, in different tissues sample Carassius gibelio Bloch fish. We performed the experiment in four different fish groups: control C; lead � Pb (administration of lead in water 0.075mg/mL of water, as Pb(NO3)2 x � H2O); lead (the same dose) and 2% of freeze-dry garlic incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+garlic; lead (the same dose) and 2% chlorella incorporated into fishes� food � Pb+chlorella, for 21 consecutive days. The iron concentration was analysed with AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) from gills, muscle, skin (and scales), intestine, liver, heart, brain, ovary, testicles, and kidney. The obtained data presented a significantly decrease of iron content in all tested tissue samples that demonstrated, alteration of iron homeostasis, explained by a strong antagonistic effect of lead on iron. Our experiment showed that biologic active principles from garlic and chlorella act like natural protectors, and potentiate the iron deficiency even in the case of lead overload in aquatic environment, for fish.

In vivo Experiments (Carassius gibelio Bloch) on Copper Homeostasis Alteration After Lead Intoxication and Natural Biologic-active Principles Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1807-1810
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Tiberiu Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Carassius Gibelio

Minerals are involved in the most metabolic pathways and are necessary for living organisms in different concentrations. When the concentration of these biominerals is unbalanced due to different factors, the metabolic processes are disturbed and the organism tries to find recovery solutions. Cu is one mineral indispensable for living organism, also for fishes, and its concentration it could be drastically reduced by the presence of high concentration of some heavy metals � like Pb, due to antagonistic effect. Our research evaluates the Pb toxic potential on Carassius gibelio Bloch on Cu distribution in different tissues and two natural solutions for potentiation of antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu. We worked on four different fish groups: control group (C); and for three experimental groups we add 75 ppm Pb � as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O into the water from aquarium. To potent the Pb toxicity we add into the grounded fish feed 2% lyophilized garlic to E3 group and 2% chlorella to E4 group. Every group had 30 fishes in separate aquarium, the fishes were fed every 2 times a day and had 12h alternate light and dark. After 21 days of experiment the fishes were euthanized with cloves oil and the tissue samples were collected (brain, gill, gonads, intestine, kidney, liver, striated muscle � epaxial myotomes, cardiac muscle, and skin). The samples were analytical prepared for AAS in order to determinate the Cu concentration in all tissue samples. The results presented the best protection of garlic against antagonistic effect of Pb on Cu in brain and testicles, and the lowest protection in muscle-striatal; while chlorella best protection was observed in heart muscle, brain, kidney and liver, and lowest protection in muscle-striatal.

The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2009
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Mirela Ahmadi ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Living Organisms

In living organisms lead is classified as potential toxic metal, and in high concentration can produce intoxication with the alteration of some vital organs, especially liver and kidney. In aquatic environment lead can be absorbed by fishes and other organisms, with different distribution in various tissues. Our aim of experiment was to verify and demonstrate the protective effect of lyophilized garlic and chlorella against bioaccumulation of lead in fishes living in aquatic environment deliberated polluted with lead. Thus, lyophilized garlic and chlorella administrated as supplements in fodder for fishes (Carassius gibelio) diminished the antagonistic effect of lead against zinc in all tested tissues: liver, kidney, heart, brain, ovary, testis, muscles myotome � epaxial, skin � with scales, gills, and intestine.

scholarly journals An In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Jamie Mollentze ◽  
Chrisna Durandt ◽  
Michael S. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bone Disorders ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Stromal Stem Cells

The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine, including tissue engineering and transplantation, has generated a great deal of enthusiasm. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues, most commonly, bone marrow but more recently adipose tissue, dental pulp, and Wharton’s jelly, to name a few. MSCs display varying phenotypic profiles and osteogenic differentiating capacity depending and their site of origin. MSCs have been successfully differentiated into osteoblasts both in vitro an in vivo but discrepancies exist when the two are compared: what happens in vitro does not necessarily happen in vivo, and it is therefore important to understand why these differences occur. The osteogenic process is a complex network of transcription factors, stimulators, inhibitors, proteins, etc., and in vivo experiments are helpful in evaluating the various aspects of this osteogenic process without distractions and confounding variables. With that in mind, the results of in vitro experiments need to be carefully considered and interpreted with caution as they do not perfectly replicate the conditions found within living organisms. This is where in vivo experiments help us better understand interactions that might occur in the osteogenic process that cannot be replicated in vitro. Potentially, these differences could also be exploited to develop an optimal MSC cell therapeutic product that can be used for bone disorders. There are many bone disorders, most of which cause a great deal of discomfort. Clinically acceptable protocols could be developed in which MSCs are used to aid in bone regeneration providing relief for patients with chronic pain. The aim of this review is to examine the differences between studies conducted in vitro and in vivo with regard to the osteogenic process to better define the gaps in current osteogenic research. By better understanding osteogenic differentiation, we can better define treatment strategies for various bone disorders.

THE INFLUENCE OF SELENITE ON FILLAMENTOUS FUNGI HYPHA MORPHOMETRY PARAMETERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Pajic ◽  
◽  
Natasa Todorovic ◽  
Dunja Stefanovic ◽  
Mihailo D. Rabasovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

Selenium salts have been known for long time to have a potential for both beneficial and harmful effects on living organisms. It is present in the environment, where it can be readily assimilated by plants and fungi, thus entering the food chain. We investigated the cell growth dynamics in the presence of selenite which is considered to have more toxic potential than selenate. The effects of selenite (1 mM) on the growth of fungi from the activated spores to the end of the exponential growth were measured on several hypha morphological parameters by microscopy in vivo. Phycomyces blaekesleneeanus was used as model filamentous fungus. The most striking effect of Se+4 treatment was inhibition of hypha growth, resulting in more than four times shorter hypha in Se+4 –treatment group than in the control (200 ± 50 µm, n = 50 vs 900 ± 100 µm, n = 40 respectively) at the end of exponential growth period under controlled conditions. The Se+4 effect was an inhibition and not a simple delay in growth, as hypha length did not change significantly from 27th to 30th hour of culture in Se+4-treatment group. Since the microscopy was performed on live cultured cells, undisturbed cytoplasmic streaming was observed, confirming that hyphae were alive at all time points measured. 30h old spore diameters were also significantly reduced by Se+4 treatment (p = 0.0365), while hypha diameters were not significantly altered.

scholarly journals Synergic and Antagonistic Action of Active Principles on Chromium-Lead Antagonism - in vivo Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Lavinia Stef ◽  
Ioan Pet ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Freeze Dried

Heavy metal pollution of the aquatic environment has become a major concern for the world. As natural water pollutants, heavy metals are among the most toxic due to their cumulative effect and the difficulty of being converted into insoluble compounds in the surface waters. Lead and its compounds are toxic to aquatic organisms, especially fish, even at low concentrations, being able to replace essential elements from the organism. Thus, we tested the concentration of chromium in tissues of Prussian carp�s fingerlings, exposed to chronic lead intoxication, following the synergic and antagonistic effects of some active principles from garlic and chlorella in various tissues. Our experiment was performed on 120 Prussian carps for 21-days as following: C group (without treatment), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO3)2 x �H2O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% freeze dried garlic in feed), E3 group (75 ppm Pb into water + 2% freeze-dried chlorella in feed). At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples (gills, muscle, heart, skin and scales, intestine, liver, brain, gonads, and kidney) were sampled after anaesthesia. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used to determination of chromium concentrations in tissues. Our results revealed that freeze-dried garlic presented antagonistic effect between administrated lead and tested chromium concentration, while the chlorella showed antagonistic and synergic action, depending on the organ tissue that we had analysed.

scholarly journals LINC01018 confers a novel tumor suppressor role in hepatocellular carcinoma through sponging microRNA-182-5p

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. G116-G126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Mingfang Xu ◽  
Zhengang Sun ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Yan Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Hcc Cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the development and progression of HCC. Herein, the current study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of LINC01018 in regulating the progression of HCC. Initially, the expression of LINC01018, microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p), and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was quantified in 72 paired HCC and adjacent normal tissue samples as well as HCC cells, followed by identification of the interaction among them. To define the contributory role of LINC01018 in the progression of HCC, the expression of LINC01018, miR-182-5p, or FOXO1 was altered in HCC cells, followed by evaluation of cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis. Finally, in vivo tests were performed to further verify the role of LINC01018 in HCC. It was observed that LINC01018 and FOXO1 were poorly expressed but miR-182-5p was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cells. The upregulation of LINC01018 was shown to decrease proliferation while promoting apoptosis of HCC cells. LINC01018 acted as a sponge of miR-182-5p, which targeted FOXO1. Last, mice injected with Hep3B overexpressing FOXO1 displayed suppressed xenograft tumor formation. Collectively, overexpression of LINC01018 represses proliferation and promotes apoptosis of HCC cells via upregulation of FOXO1 by sponging miR-182-5p, which highlights overexpression of LINC01018 as a candidate suppressor of HCC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides evidence for understanding the molecular mechanism involved in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and identifies a novel network of LINC01018/miR-182-5p/FOXO1. We also conducted in vivo experiments in nude mice to validate the anti-tumor effect of LINC01018.

Selenium and mercury in organisms: Interactions and mechanisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (NA) ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Yi Yang ◽  
Yu-Wei Chen ◽  
John M. Gunn ◽  
Nelson Belzile
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Mercuric Mercury

This paper reviews the growing literature dealing with the antagonistic effect of selenium (Se) compounds on the toxicity of mercury (Hg) compounds in higher animals and organisms present in the aquatic environment. It covers both laboratory and field studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms that explain the protective action of Se compounds on mercuric mercury (Hg2+) and methylmercury (CH3Hg+) toxicity. The review is subdivided according to the molecular form of Hg and the organisms in which the antagonism has been studied. Many authors suggest that the protective effect of selenite on the toxicity of Hg2+in mammals is due mainly to the in vivo formation of mercuric selenide (HgSe), a stable and biologically inert complex. The detection of HgSe has been confirmed in several studies in support of this mechanism. Possible mechanisms that may be involved in the antagonism between Se compounds and CH3Hg+in mammals and aquatic organisms are also presented. The possibility of adding Se compounds to contaminated lakes and reservoirs as a remediation technique to limit the bioaccumulation of Hg2+and CH3Hg+is critically discussed.

Heparin: a potent inhibitor of hepcidin expression in vitro and in vivo

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura Poli ◽  
Domenico Girelli ◽  
Natascia Campostrini ◽  
Federica Maccarinelli ◽  
Dario Finazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Hepcidin Expression ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Hepcidin is a major regulator of iron homeostasis, and its expression in liver is regulated by iron, inflammation, and erythropoietic activity with mechanisms that involve bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) binding their receptors and coreceptors. Here we show that exogenous heparin strongly inhibited hepcidin expression in hepatic HepG2 cells at pharmacologic concentrations, with a mechanism that probably involves bone morphogenetic protein 6 sequestering and the blocking of SMAD signaling. Treatment of mice with pharmacologic doses of heparin inhibited liver hepcidin mRNA expression and SMAD phosphorylation, reduced spleen iron concentration, and increased serum iron. Moreover, we observed a strong reduction of serum hepcidin in 5 patients treated with heparin to prevent deep vein thrombosis, which was accompanied by an increase of serum iron and a reduction of C-reactive protein levels. The data show an unrecognized role for heparin in regulating iron homeostasis and indicate novel approaches to the treatment of iron-restricted iron deficiency anemia.

Iron Metabolism In Macrophages In Non Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 4669-4669
Author(s):  
Valentina Vaja ◽  
Elena Paltrinieri ◽  
Irene Motta ◽  
Erika Poggiali ◽  
Alessia Marcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Divalent Metal Transporter 1 ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Background β-thalassemia is a disease characterized by alteration of β-globin chains production. The phenotype is associated with development of anemia, ineffective erythropoiesis (IE), and iron overload. Cellular iron homeostasis in macrophages is regulated at multiple steps and by numerous genes. Macrophages can acquire iron by Transferrin receptor 1-mediated uptake of transferrin-bound iron, acquisition of molecular iron via the divalent metal transporter 1 (Dmt1) and phagocytosis of senescent erythrocytes with subsequent recycling of iron. There is only one well-characterized pathway by which iron can exit cells, ferroportin-1 (Fpn1), which is expressed on the cell surface of macrophages and acts as the exclusive trans-membrane export protein for ferrous (Fe2+) iron. Hepcidin, a mainly liver-derived peptide induced by iron and cytokines and master regulator of body iron homeostasis, exerts its regulatory effects via binding to Fpn1, which is thought to be the hepcidin receptor. This interaction results in Fpn1 internalization, proteasomal degradation and blockage of iron export. Little is known about what happens at the level of macrophages in thalassemic patients and how they face the high iron concentration. The aim of this study was to characterize the differential expression of the genes involved in iron homeostasis and changes in iron trafficking in fully differentiated unpolarized (M0) human macrophages in Non Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia (NTDT) patients. Methods Monocytes were purified using positive selection with CD14-coated magnetic beads (Miltenyi Biotec) from peripheral blood of 7 NTDT patients and 7 healthy normal controls. Monocytes were cultured for 6 days in RPMI containing 10% FBS and 25 ng/ml GM-CSF and differentiated in mature macrophages. The expression of specific macrophages surface proteins was analyzed by flow cytometry. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate differentiation and iron retention of macrophages. For basic morphology characterization, formalin-fixed cells were stained using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Iron was detected with DAB-enhanced Perls' staining (Prussian blue reaction). Total mRNA was extracted from cultured cells and gene expression profile was analyzed by real-time PCR using Taqman-probes technologies. Results The purity of the resulting cells suspension was tested by fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis and was beyond 98%. The cell morphology of macrophages showed no differences between control and thalassemic patients. Using immunohistochemistry iron was not detected in human cultured macrophages of thalassemia patients and controls. We characterized the expression of genes related to iron homeostasis. We analyzed the gene expression levels of SLC40A1 (Ferroportin) , SLC11A2 (Dmt1), HAMP (Hepcidin) that are directly involved in macrophage iron traffic and these results show no statistical differences between patients and controls. Conclusions Due to the heterogeneity of the cellular morphology of macrophages there was no significant difference between the macrophages morphology from NTDT and controls. Iron was not present in M0 magrophages. The gene expression levels of ferroportin, Dmt1 and Hepcidin in mature macrophages grown in regular culture medium without other stimuli were comparable between controls and patients. This culture system does not reflect the in vivo iron metabolism of thalassemic patients due to possibly monocytes inability to internalize and accumulate iron. Different stimuli are necessary to simulate the in vivo condition to differentiate the macrophages. Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage are characterized by marked phenotypical and functional heterogeneity. Classical activation by microbial agents and/or Th1 cytokines is associated with the production of oxygen radicals and the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in cytotoxicity and microbial killing (M1 polarization), but macrophages can also follow a different activation pathway after stimulation with the Th2 cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 (M2 polarization). We will therefore investigate whether iron homeostasis is regulated differently in M1 and M2 macrophages and possibly provide a better understanding of the changes in iron metabolism that take place under thalassemia condition. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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