Zeigma – viens no mazāk zināmajiem tropu veidiem: nosaukums, skaidrojums, piemēri

2020 ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Anita Helviga
Keyword(s):  
Complex I ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Concept System ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Insight Into

The terms of literary studies and linguistics concerning stylistics should be viewed in complex, i. e., in a joint concept system. If this is not the case, the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, the development of criticism, and scientific communication in the humanitarian fields as a whole are impeded. The article deals with one of the most unusual tropes – zeugma. For the background information, an insight into the comprehension of the system of tropes in Latvian stylistics is given where zeugma is insufficiently explained; therefore, it is crucial to clarify the main characteristic of the concept. Several terminological sources in English have been selected for the explanation of the concept and provision of examples. In Latvian theoretical literature and study books, there are ambiguous definitions of this term and also different versions of the term itself. In total, the word zeigma (and not zeugma) is considered to be the most appropriate equivalent in Latvian, and the explanation of the term could be as follows: zeugma is a kind of tropes in which a word (most commonly a verb) is used simultaneously in two or more meanings in the same sentence, with an unexpected transfer of meaning creating different semantic relations. Examples from Latvian poetry (Aleksandrs Čaks, Austra Skujiņa) and prose (Anšlavs Eglītis, Regīna Ezera, Andra Manfelde, Andris Akmentiņš) are used to present zeugma as a kind of tropes.

Scientific registers in contact

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Teich ◽  
Mônica Holtz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Functional Variation ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Scientific Research Articles ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Linguistic Means

We report on a project investigating the lexico-grammatical properties of English scientific texts. The goal of this project is to gain insight into the linguistic effects of two scientific disciplines coming into contact with one another (e.g. computer science and linguistics) and possibly forming a merged, new discipline (i.e. computational linguistics). The crucial question to be addressed is how such merged disciplines construe their own, distinctive identity and which kinds of linguistic means they employ to this end. To approach this question, we apply the notion of register, i.e. functional variation or variation according to context of use. On the basis of a corpus of scientific research articles from nine scientific domains, we explore selected lexico-grammatical patterns and assess their contribution to register formation.

At the Limits of the Concept

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden White
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Over Time

It is often forgotten that the humanities—which are made up of history, philosophy, literary studies, philology, rhetoric, art history, musicology, and linguistics—are characterized not so much by their objects of study, which can change over time, as by their focus on reading, the reading of verbal texts, primarily, but also reading in the sense of decoding and recoding images, sounds, and movements. The disciplines that compose the humanities teach different kinds of reading practices. The products of these disciplines for the most part belong to the class of prose and poetic discourses. This is why they may often look similar or even the same, especially when they are cast in the same mode: narrative, argumentative, descriptive, or expressive as the case may be.

Relation-Based Information Retrieval

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
D. Manjula ◽  
T. V. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Retrieval Performance ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Word Context ◽  
Semantic Dimension ◽  
Word Senses ◽  
Insight Into

The traditional Boolean word-based approach to information retrieval (IR) considers only words for indexing. Irrelevant information is retrieved because of non-inclusion of semantic information like word senses and word context. In this work, the importance of representing the documents along another semantic dimension in addition to sense context information is considered. The incorporation of semantic relations as an additional dimension gives a better insight into the interpretation of the document. The micro-contexts generated from the documents are also used in indexing. The retrieval performance is measured in terms of precision and recall. The results tabulated show better performance.

scholarly journals Towards the Functional Typology of Signs

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-301
Author(s):  
L. L. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Object A ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Mental Entity ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
And Linguistics

In this paper, we propose a sketch of the functional classification of the sign as the main object of semiotics. The well-known structural classifications of the sign as a carrier of meaning and information were based on its use in communication, while the cognitive value of the sign as a means of cognition was emphasized. As a mental entity, developing in the process of cognition, from the idea of Possibility to revealing Regularity, the sign was represented by Ch. Pierce, who defined its basic, cognitive, function. In linguistics the role of the sign in communication was especially emphasized, systems of communicative functions of the language sign were proposed by K. Bühler and R. Jacobson. However, the specific tasks that different signs perform are not only related to the aspect of meaning, but also to their significance. Signs that regulate social interaction, as well as signs of art, highlight the value side of their content. R. Barthes believed that the function of a thing can be determined on the basis of its structure – in decomposing it into component parts and then in recomposing it; this way you can understand how the whole works. If you use this method, you can distinguish between different functional character types. In the process of semiosis semantic relations between the two sides of the sign (signans vs signatum) can be different, which allows us to distinguish three main functional types of signs: identifiers, regulators and models. A sign-identifier is usually closely connected with its object, it seems to be “talking about itself”; a sign-regulator has the character of an indication or imperative, it “tells you”, indicating the path to its object; a sign-model recreates the image of an object in another space – it “tells about something”. Modeling signs represent the most complex level of sign organization and semiotic problems. Modeling can use iconic techniques, including the principle of harmonic similarity (or syntactic coding, according to U. Eco), or use the principle of functional similarity. Modifications are possible for any type of signs. The functional types of signs are in a sense correlated with the functions of language in the model of K. Bühler. The proposed classification could systematize ideas about the functions of the sign and the essence of semiosis, in which, according to Ch. Morris, “something functions as a sign”. Functional typology of signs can serve as a methodological basis for a particular semiotic analysis in different areas of semiotics and linguistics.

scholarly journals Geneza i początki Studium Słowiańskiego UJ

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Mirosław Skarżyński
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
The One ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Slavic Studies

The Origin and Early Years of the Slavic Institute of the Jagiellonian UniversityIn 1925, the Slavic Institute was opened at the Jagiellonian University with a view to educate experts in Slavic studies. The intention was for the studies to be interdisciplinary, it was planned to create departments not only in literary studies and linguistics, but covering a possibly wide range of disciplines. The idea of the Study was born not in the academic milieu, but among politicians. The intention was to create an institution which, on the one hand, would educate Poles about Slavdom, and on the other, would win Poland sympathizers in other countries by inviting young people from Slavic countries and making it possible for them to study in Cracow. It was also planned that Polish graduates of the Institute would be given scholarships to various Slavic countries. Another goal of the Institute was to prevent Czechoslovakia from dominating Slavdom. Due to the economic situation of Poland in late 1920s and early 1930s, the project was implemented only partially. The contribution of the Institute to the development of Slavic studies in Poland, however, is unqestionable, especially in the field of personnel education. The Institute was closed in 1951, as part of the reform of higher education that was undertaken by the communist government and destroyed the academic milieu in Poland.

Using a Supply Chain Improvement System (SCIS) to Increase Supply Chain Efficiency

2020 ◽  
pp. 1404-1424
Author(s):  
Herwig Winkler ◽  
Clemens Kuss
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
Supply Chain Relationships ◽  
Vertical Range ◽  
Insight Into

Because of the reduced vertical range of manufacturing in recent decades, the complexity of supply chain relationships has increased dramatically. To address this complexity, and with the current pressure of competition in today's business environment, improving process efficiency has become an objective for companies and supply chains. Currently, there are no concepts available that enable evaluating and improving efficiency along entire supply chains. Based on this deficit, the authors developed the Supply Chain Improvement System (SCIS). This chapter will present the theoretical concept of the SCIS and provide the reader with two case studies that consider how to apply it in entrepreneurial practice. Beginning with offering some background information, current deficits in evaluating the efficiency of supply chains will be noted. Proceeding with the principles, the chapter will give a deeper insight into the structure of the concept.

From Theory to History, Via Midrash

2014 ◽  
pp. 326-367
Author(s):  
David Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Close Reading ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter presents a commentary on ‘Laws of the Foundations of the Torah’, 6:9 and 7:3. Maimonides deploys aggadah to add extra layers of meaning in Mishneh torah. Where he makes intense use of biblical reference, close reading and attention to midrashic resonances can be rewarding. ‘Laws of the Foundations of the Torah’, 6:9, was interpreted as broadening the chapter's theme of avoiding desecration of sacred objects and texts to include the need for sensitive reading of texts. In ‘Laws of the Foundations of the Torah’, 7:3, the juxtaposition of Jacob's dream of the ladder with Ezekiel's vision of the chariot was found to refer to the combination of theoretical knowledge and insight into historical process in the vision of the prophet. This is reflected in the ontological and teleological dimensions of Mishneh torah's form.

Translanguaging in Indian fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-278
Author(s):  
Munmun Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Indian Writing In English ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
The Way

Abstract Translanguaging refers to the way in which multilingual individuals draw on their full linguistic repertoires, rather than adhering to narrow use of one named language. This concept has important sociolinguistic significance because it enables individuals to move beyond colonial structures of power and liberates the language practices of multilinguals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the phenomenon of translanguaging in Indian writing in English, using two anthologies, She Speaks (Ray et al. 2019) and She Celebrates (Choudhury et al. 2020), as data sources. Focusing on stories contained in these anthologies as case studies, the research describes linguistic, cultural and stylistic effects of translanguaging used in these works, in which Indian writers portray their characters engaging in translanguaging as a way of ‘Indianising’ the English language. In line with accounts of the process of translanguaging as culture-specific, the study reveals that often authors and their characters use translanguaging because forms of usage can be difficult to translate – or at least to translate in a way that conveys the meaning those forms have in the original, vernacular context. The study demonstrates how work at the intersection of literary studies and linguistics can illuminate cross-cultural aspects of fiction writing.

scholarly journals How Literature Delivers Knowledge and Understanding, Illustrated by Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Wharton’s Summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Rik Peels
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Actual World ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Epistemic Values ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Literary Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Some philosophers, like Alex Rosenberg, claim that natural science delivers epistemic values such as knowledge and understanding, whereas, say, literature and, according to some, literary studies, merely have aesthetic value. Many of those working in the field of literary studies oppose this idea. But it is not clear exactly how works of literary art embody knowledge and understanding and how literary studies can bring these to the light. After all, literary works of art are pieces of fiction, which suggests that they are not meant to represent the actual world. How then can they deliver knowledge and understanding? I argue that literature and literary studies confer knowledge and understanding in at least five ways: they give us insight into the work and the world of the work of art in question, they shape our intellectual virtues, they invite us to apply various hypotheses, they deliver moral propositional knowledge, and they increase or bring about full understanding with respect to meaning, virtue, and significance. In the course of my argument, I refer at several junctures to Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Edith Wharton’s Summer, in order to illustrate each of these claims.

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