Judicial Conciliation and Mediation: Correlation Problems and Development Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
S. I. Pervukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Function ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Development Prospects

This article is dedicated to the issue of the correlation between judicial conciliation and mediation. The author compares these two conciliatory procedures according to the following criteria: organizational and legal framework, key goals and objectives; legal status of the person assisting the parties in resolving the dispute and their role and function/competence in the procedure; the peculiarities of the procedural form; the court role in organizing and performing conciliatory procedures after a trial being initiated. As a result of the comparison, the author comes to the conclusion that judicial conciliation and mediation are overlapping, which may have the negative effect on the development of the amicable dispute resolution as a legal institute. The author formulates the suggestions regarding the further development of the judicial conciliation model in order to attract the disputing parties' interest to this procedure and to raise its efficiency as the judicial load optimizing instrument.

scholarly journals History of education in Switzerland – historic development and current challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Michèle Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Role And Function

As in other countries, history of education in Switzerland is faced with a number of challenges (e.g. job cuts, questioning of the discipline’s role and function). This paper argues that the disci-pline’s current situation can only be adequately understood in light of its eventful history. In a first step this paper therefore deals with the historic development of the history of education in Switzerland. Particular focus is placed on the establishment of the history of education as a part of pedagogy at the institutions of teacher education during the first half of the 19th century and the discipline’s further development over the course of the late 19th and 20th century. In a se-cond step, this paper discusses the consequences for the discipline’s present and future that arise from its specific, historically evolved situation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2014.12

scholarly journals Managing returns to prison from medium-secure services: qualitative study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jayne Leonard ◽  
Caroline Sanders ◽  
Jennifer J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Mental Health Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Admissions Criteria ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

Background Little is known about factors that influence discharge decision-making for people admitted to medium-secure services from prison, particularly for those who are returned to prison following treatment. Aims To explore the organisational influences on care pathways through medium-secure services for those admitted from prison. Method We recruited 24 clinicians via purposive and snowball sampling; 13 shared their experiences via a focus group, and 11 shared their experiences via individual semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was conducted, producing three overarching themes: maintenance of throughput and service provision, class of two systems, and desirable and undesirable patients. Results Data indicated external factors that direct and, at times, limit clinicians’ pathway decisions, including commissioning criteria and legal status under the Mental Health Act 1983 and within the criminal courts system (i.e. whether on remand or sentenced). These factors also influence how clinicians view the role and function of medium-secure services within the wider forensic mental health system, and therefore the types of patients that are deemed ‘appropriate’ for continued treatment when making discretionary pathway decisions. Conclusions There remains a deficit in adequate resources to meet the mental health needs of prisoners who are admitted to medium-secure services. To meet the clinical need of all admissions, criteria for prolonged treatment in medium-secure services needs to be reconsidered, and it is likely that provision for the medium-secure hospital estate will need to increase substantially if effective rehabilitation of those who transfer from prison is to take place.

scholarly journals Party expats? Mapping transnational party branches of French, German and UK parties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix-Christopher von Nostitz
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Party ◽  
National Elections ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

AbstractToday many parties interact with members and supporters outside their national borders. One way parties do so is by establishing transnational party branches. However so far, there is a lack of theoretical and empirical research exploring this transnational aspect of party activity. This paper provides a first insight into why parties develop transnational branches, and how it affects their organization. It argues that the development of party branches abroad differs across countries due to the incentives provided by the national legal framework on voting and donations from abroad. In turn, the role and functions of the transnational branches vary depending on this legal framework. Looking at the two transnational branches of the two mainstream parties in France, Germany and the United Kingdom, this paper first briefly outlines the different national legal frameworks and the scope and size of transnational party branches. It then focuses on how they are organized, their role and function, and how this shapes their relationship to their homeland party. This explorative research is mainly based on legal and secondary data. The paper finds that the parties studied differ substantially in location, number and membership size for their transnational branches. Furthermore, the organizational links and the control by the national party over transnational party branches is the highest where parties have the most to gain in terms of votes in national elections and donations.

scholarly journals ¿Puede la mayoría cualificada socavar la democracia? El caso de Hungría

2018 ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Boldizsár Szentgáli Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Qualified Majority ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
And Function ◽  
Legal Character ◽  
Role And Function

Este estudio se centra en las llamadas Leyes Cardinales en Hungría. El principal objetivo es entender mejor el concepto, especialmente su rol histórico y su funcionamiento dentro del ordenamiento del país, a lo largo de la transición a la democracia, y en la actualidad. Se destacará la importancia de este tipo de normas cuando existe una mayoría parlamentaria cualificada. A lo largo de las últimas décadas diversos países han adoptado una subcategoría especial de Ley, para cuya aprobación se exigen normalmente reglas procedimentales más estrictas que para las ordinarias, y que suelen exigir mayorías cualificadas, aprobándose por las dos Cámaras Legislativas, y sujetas a revisión constitucional previa, antes de su entrada en vigor. En general, gozan de exigencias mayores y de controles más severos que las leyes ordinarias. Después de definir la noción, y de hacer un breve repaso por la escena internacional así como por otras cuestiones introductorias, se centra la atención en tres aspectos: el bagaje histórico que presentan, las materias que regulan, y los caracteres que más destacan. En cada uno de ellos se comparará el caso húngaro con el caso español para demostrar cómo las Leyes Cardinales pueden ser consideradas un factor de riesgo para la democracia, y por qué no sucede lo mismo para el caso de España.This study focuses on the so-called «cardinal laws» in Hungary: my primary purpose is to provide a better understanding of this concept, and especially to conceptualize the historical role and function of this legal framework in Hungary, during the democratic transition, and even nowadays. Particular highlight will be given to the special impact of cardinal laws under qualified parliamentary majority. During the last decades, several countries have entrenched a special subcategory of law, which is adopted by stricter procedural rules, than the requirements of the ordinary legislative process. These laws are enacted by qualified majority, by the consent of the two chambers of the legislation, they are subject to mandatory constitutional review before their promulgation, or additional safeguards are implemented in the ordinary legislative process. After having defined qualified law, and having provided a brief international overview, and outlined some further introductory considerations, I would focus on three aspects in Hungary: the historical background, the scope of qualified law, and the legal character of these norms. Under each point, the Hungarian development would be compared to the Spanish experience to demonstrate, why could be cardinal laws considered as a risk factor for democracy, and why this approach is not relevant as regard Spanish organic laws.

scholarly journals The role and function of the e-signature, time stamp, and e-evidence in the context of Turkish commercial law

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Leyla Keser Berber
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Time Stamp ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
Turkish Commercial Code ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

One of the aims of the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) is to enable digital companies to promote digital transformation. To achieve this aim, it has brought many novelties to Turkish Law. This paper explains the roles and functions of the e-signature, time stamp and e-evidence in the context of the TCC, and concludes that although the TCC promotes digital companies, further changes to the legal framework are necessary to keep up with the technological advancements. Index words: Turkish Commercial Code; digital transformation; e-signature; time stamp; e-evidence

Problems and prospects for the Russian banking supervision development in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1296
Author(s):  
K.A. Omarieva ◽  
P.G. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Banking Supervision ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Document Flow ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Development Prospects

Subject. The article addresses problems and prospects for the banking supervision development in the Russian Federation under modern conditions. Objectives. We review the essence and methods of organization of the banking supervision, and identify the main problems and prospects for its development. Methods. To provide valid, reliable and reasoned recommendations, we apply normative and integrated approaches to the study of the banking supervision effectiveness in the current circumstances. Results. The paper investigates main problems and development prospects for the Russian banking supervision. The essential importance of supervision comes from the main role of the banking system in maintaining accounts of economic entities and making settlements. Even minor failures or delays in operations can lead to negative outcomes and disastrous consequences for the entire monetary system and the national economy. Therefore, we highlight issues that require attention, and make proposals for further development of the banking supervision. Conclusions. In the context of dynamically developing economy, the banking practice is becoming more complex. As a result, there is a need for new financial instruments that can reduce risks, increase the speed and efficiency of operations and document flow, and help achieve the world levels of introduced standards.

Identifikasi Peran dan Strategi Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Zurayna Sari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Maintenance Strategy ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Free Port ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

ABSTRAKPelabuhan berperan sebagai fasilitas penunjang pusat pertumbuhan regional dalam proses pembangunan ekonomi wilayah. Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang diarahkan sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi regional dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian Kawasan Sabang. Permasalahan yang dihadapi Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang adalah belum optimalnya peran dan fungsi Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang dalam menunjang perekonomian wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang dalam mendorong perkembangan perekonomian Kawasan Sabang. Lingkup materi yang dibahas mencakup peran-peran Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang, menentukan potensi dan masalah serta upaya-upaya peningkatan peran Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang. Metode analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT IFAS-EFAS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan dalam kurun waktu 4 (empat) tahun terakhir dari tahun 2010-2013, Pelabuhan Bebas Sabang belum optimal dalam menjalankan perannya, sehingga membutuhkan strategi pengembangan dengan pendekatan Agressive Maintenance Strategy (strategi perbaikan agresif), yaitu strategi konsolidasi internal dengan memperbaiki faktor-faktor kelemahan untuk memaksimalkan pemanfaatan peluang.Kata kunci: Pengelolaan, SWOT IFAS-EFAS, WilayahABSTRACTPort was supporting facility of regional growth center in the process of regional economic development. Sabang free port was directed as the center of regional economic growth and expected to raise the economy of sabang. Problems faced by sabang free port was yet optimal role and function in supporting the economy of the region. This study aimed to determine the role of sabang free port in supporting the economic development of sabang. The covered material scope included roles of sabang free port, determining the potentials and problems and efforts of increasing the role of sabang free port. The method of analysis was descriptive analysis with qualitative and quantitative approach. The analytical tool used was the swot ifas-efas analysis. The analysis results showed in the period of 4 (four) years from 2010 until 2013, sabang free port was not optimal in carrying out its role yet, so it requires development strategies with agressive maintenance strategy approach, which is internal consolidation strategy by improving vulnerability factors to maximize the utilization of opportunities.Keywords:, Management, Regional, SWOT IFAS-EFAS

Thematic Priorities For Sustainable Development of Ukraine-Romania Cross-Border Cooperation (The Case Study of Chernivtsi Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bohatyrets ◽  
Liubov Melnychuk ◽  
Yaroslav Zoriy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Strategic Orientations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

This paper seeks to investigate sustainable cross-border cooperation (CBC) as a distinctive model of interstate collaboration, embedded in the neighboring borderland regions of two or more countries. The focus of the research revolves around the establishment and further development of geostrategic, economic, cultural and scientific capacity of the Ukrainian-Romanian partnership as a fundamental construct in ensuring and strengthening the stability, security and cooperation in Europe. This research highlights Ukraine’s aspirations to establish, develop and diversify bilateral good-neighborly relations with Romania both regionally and internationally. The main objective is to elucidate Ukraine-Romania cross-border cooperation initiatives, inasmuch Ukraine-Romania CBC has been stirring up considerable interest in terms of its inexhaustible historical, cultural and spiritual ties. Furthermore, the similarity of the neighboring states’ strategic orientations grounds the basis for development and enhancement of Ukraine-Romania cooperation. The authors used desk research and quantitative research to conclude that Ukraine-Romania CBC has the impact not only on the EU and on Ukraine multi-vector foreign policy, but it also has the longer-term global consequences. In the light of the current reality, the idea of introducing and reinforcing the importance of Cross-Border Cooperation (CBC) sounds quite topical and relevant. This research considers a number of explanations for Ukraine-Romania Cross-Border Cooperation as a key element of the EU policy towards its neighbors. Besides, the subject of the research is considered from different perspectives in order to show the diversity and complexity of the Ukraine-Romania relations in view of the fact that sharing common borders we are presumed to find common solutions. As the research has demonstrated, the Ukraine-Romania cross border cooperation is a pivotal factor of boosting geostrategic, economic, political and cultural development for each participant country, largely depending on the neighboring countries’ cohesion and convergence. Significantly, there is an even stronger emphasis on the fact that while sharing the same borders, the countries share common interests and aspirations for economic thriving, cultural exchange, diplomatic ties and security, guaranteed by a legal framework. The findings of this study have a number of important implications for further development and enhancement of Ukraine-Romania cooperation. Accordingly, the research shows how imperative are the benefits of Romania as a strategic partner for outlining top priorities of Ukraine’s foreign policy.

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