scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROCHEMICAL LOAD ON PLANT SUPPLY OF FOOD ELEMENTS AND YIELD OF MAIZE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
N.M. Asanishvili ◽  
N.H. Buslaieva ◽  
S.L. Shliakhturova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
By Products

The article presents the results of research on the optimization of the supply of maize plants with the main nutrients under different agrochemical loads in the Forest-Steppe. The aim of the research was to establish the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and by-products of the predecessor as fertilizers on the supply of plants with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and corn yield. The research was carried out during 2016-2019 on dark gray wooded soil of the Forest-Steppe with the use of field, chemical, calculation-weight and mathematical-statistical methods. It were found that long-term growing of agricultural crops for 30 years under different agrochemical loading in crop rotation on dark gray wooded soil of the Forest-Steppe led to the creation of different agrochemical backgrounds. According to the results of soil and plant diagnostics, it has been established that nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for growing corn. In the variants with application of increased (N180P120K180) and high (N240P120K240) norms of mineral fertilizers against the background of by-products of the predecessor (winter wheat straw), where the highest yield of corn is formed - 11.21-12.10 t / ha, mobile phosphorus content 20 cm layer of soil was very high, mobile potassium - high, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - very low. In these variants, maize plants in stages BBCH 16, 19 and 65 accumulated the optimal amount of nitrogen, and the content of phosphorus and potassium showed optimal and high supply during the growing season for the application of mineral fertilizers in the norms above N60P45K60.According to the results of correlation and regression analysis, the decisive role of nitrogen and potassium in the formation of corn productivity was confirmed. Mathematical models have been constructed that make it possible to predict the level of maize yield depending on the content of chemical elements in the soil and plants at the early stages of BBCH development.

scholarly journals Optimization of mineral nutrition of maize hybrids on the basis of plant diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
N. M. Asanishvili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The article presents the results of research conducted during 2016-2019 on the impact of different rates of mineral fertilizers and by-products of the predecessor on the content of chemical nutrients in plants and the yield of maize hybrids in the Forest-Steppe. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in maize plants in ontogenesis in relation to the yield of hybrids of early and middle-early maturity groups to optimize the mineral nutrition of the crop. The research was conducted on dark gray wooded soil using field, chemical, calculation-weight and mathematical-statistical methods. According to the stages of growth and development of BBCH, the peculiarities of the dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plants of hybrids with FAO 190 and 280 depending on the agrochemical load of growing technology are established. Varietal regularities of concentration of chemical elements in maize plants in connection with the accumulation of dry matter by crops in ontogenesis and yield were revealed. Hybrids with the corresponding genetically determined level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in plants have been identified and its influence on the realization of genotype productivity potential has been shown. The decisive role of potassium and nitrogen in the formation of the corn crop on dark gray wooded soil has been experimentally proved and confirmed on the basis of statistical and correlation analyzes. All hybrids were characterized by high tightness of correlations between yield and content in plants of nitrogen (r = 0.760–0.934) and potassium (r = 0.755–0.943) during the growing season as opposed to phosphorus, where these connections were of medium strength (r = 0.334–0.589) and only partially close (r = 0.702–0.806). According to the results of plant diagnostics of mineral nutrition of plants, the most effective growing technologies with different agrochemical loading are singled out, which ensure the yield of early and middle-early maize hybrids in agro-climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe at 9.56–10.39 and 11.21–12.10 t/ha.

scholarly journals Formation of corn grain quality in different directions of use depending on the technology of growing in the Forest-steppe

1970 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
V. F. Kaminskyi ◽  
N. M. Asanishvili
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Corn Grain

Purpose. The aim of the research conducted during 2016-2019 was to determine the impact of technological methods on the indicators of corn grain quality to optimize the elements of growing technology depending on the directions of use in conditions of the Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods – field, quantitative and weight, chemical, comparative and calculation, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the results of the research, dependences of formation of quality of grain on the content of protein, starch, fat in it and correlation dependencies between these indicators and yield of corn have been revealed. The best quality of grain of a forage and food direction is formed when applying high doses of mineral fertilizers, and for processing on bioethanol the optimal content of starch and protein is guaranteed at optimum and raised level of fertilizing. It was established that the content of protein, starch and fat had less effect on their yield from 1 hectare than the general yield level. The technologies of cultivation of different intensity as to their possible application for the production of grain of different directions of use with the given quality parameters, the yield of protein, starch, fat and bioethanol have been evaluated. Conclusions. The technology of corn growing with complex application of intensification elements in conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone, which includes introduction of N240P120K240 on the background of by-products of its predecessor, application of the soil and insurance herbicide, plant growth and micro-fertilizers is suitable for fodder and food purposes and ensured the yield of 12.1 t/ha of grain with protein content and yield – 10.56% and 1.28 t/ha, fat – 4.29% and 0.52 t/ha, starch – 71.27% and 8.62 t/ha. For processing on bioethanol effective is the technology of corn growing with the introduction of N180P120K180, by-products of the predecessor, soil herbicide and bio-stimulants, which provided a yield of 9.76 t/ha of grain with a starch content of 72.26% for the yield of 7.05 t/ha and yield of bioethanol at the level of 3982 l/ha.

scholarly journals SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXING ABILITY OF CHICKPEA AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CROP AT DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
H. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
I. V. Prokopchuk ◽  
S. V. Prokopchuk
Keyword(s):  
Black Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Active Formation

Results of studying effect of mineral fertilizers in combination with inoculation with nitrogen-fixingbacteria on chickpea productivity in podzolic black soil of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine havebeen shown. Pre-sowing bacterization contributed to the active formation and functioning of thesymbiosis, provided that the background of nitrogen fertilizers did not exceed 60 kg/ha. Under theinfluence of mineral fertilizers both separately and in combination with seed inoculation, chickpea yieldincreased by 10.8–15.2 hwt/ha compared to the variant without fertilizers and without inoculation.It was established that in order to obtain high and stable yields of chickpea seed in podzolic blacksoil of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with low content of nitrogen of alkalihydrolyzing compoundsand high content of mobile phosphorus and potassium, its fertilization system should include applicationof phosphate and potash fertilizers in the dose of 60 kg/ha during primary tillage, and nitrogen fertilizers– for presowing cultivation. Before sowing, seeds should be processed with the suspension of ammoniummolybdate and Ryzobofit.

scholarly journals Soil fertility and agriculture yield with the application of organomineral or mineral fertilizers in solid and fluid forms

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽  
Agostinho Rebellatto ◽  
Marco André Grohskopf ◽  
Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽  
Paulo Hentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of organomineral and mineral fertilizers, in their solid and fluid forms, on soils with variable charges with high fertility built up from nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the soil and plant, as well as on corn (Zea mays) and black oat (Avena strigosa) yield. The treatments consisted of one control and four fertilizers - two organomineral and two mineral - in solid (SO, solid organomineral; and SM, solid mineral) and fluid (FO, fluid organomineral; and FM, fluid mineral) forms applied in Rhodic Kandiudox and Distrochrept soils with no-tillage. The use of organomineral or mineral fertilizers in fluid and solid forms increases total N content in the soil, maintains exchangeable K content in both soils, and may enhance available P content to the depth of 0.6 m in Distrochrept. These factors allowed significantly increasing corn yield, regardless of the fertilizer, and establishing greater residual effect for fluid organomineral fertilizer in the winter black oat yield, even in soils with high fertility.

scholarly journals Control of segetal vegetation under adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
M.M. Ptashnik ◽  
S.V. Dudnyk ◽  
F.I. Brukhal ◽  
N.Ye. Boris
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

In the results of research are presented the regularities of the formation of cenoses of segetal vegetation in field crops, in particular, corn for grain and soybeans, with adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine in order to develop effective, environmentally safe, resource-and energy-saving agrotechnological measures to control the level of contamination of agricultural land. The research was carried out during 2016-2020 in a stationary two – factor field experiment, which includes 5 alternative tillage systems (plowing, flat – cutting processing, differentiated – chiseling, shallow and surface – disking) and 3 fertilizer systems (without fertilizers; earning in the soil by – products of the predecessor; by-products + mineral fertilizers) in a short-term grain crop rotation (winter wheat-corn for grain-spring barley-soy) on gray large-sawn-light loamy forest soils.It was found that in agrocenoses of corn for grain and soybeans during the growing season, a small-year type of contamination is formed with a predominance of representatives of the Poaceae family, the monocotyledonous class, in particular Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Setaria glauca L.The best results in controlling of the development of segetal vegetation on experimental variants were provided by varieties of deep tillage (plow, flat-cut or chisel) against the background of an organic-mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessor into the soil and the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Such fertilizer systems decreased the contamination of crops by 38.9%.When cultivating the soil without turning the soil chunk – flat-cut and disking, against the background without fertilizers, the development of segetal vegetation was poorly controlled.Systems of minimized–shallow and surface disk treatments significantly (up to 88%) increased the abundance and (up to 91%) weight indicators of crop weed contamination in the pre-harvest period compared to multi-depth plowing and differentiated system of basic soil tilling.

scholarly journals The Comparative Efficiency of Organic, Mineral and Organo-Mineral Fertilizers for the Winter Wheat Grain Yield in the Forest-Steppe of the Volga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00094
Author(s):  
Alevtina Kulikova ◽  
Evgeniy Yashin ◽  
Alexander Karpov ◽  
Elena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study deals with organic, mineral and organo-mineral systems of winter wheat fertilization in the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe. According to the organic fertilization system, straw of the predecessor, green manure and Biocomposite-correct were introduced into the soil (typical medium-thick medium loamy chernozem) for green manure mass (vetch-oat mixture). The organo-mineral system included two options: straw applied together with nitrogen in a dose of 10 kg per 1 ton of straw and zeolite enriched with amino acids. The mineral fertilizers were nitrogene phosphorus with the NPK content of 16 kg ai/ha, carbamide and potassium chloride. In addition, highly siliceous rock zeolite was applied as a fertilizer. It was found that the use of organic and organomineral fertilizers improves the nutrient regime of the soil; in terms of the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the arable layer, these options were not inferior to the option with the use of mineral fertilizers. When introducing zeolite enriched with amino acids, the yield of winter wheat exceeded the option with the use of mineral fertilizers by 0.59 t/ha. The use of organic and organo-mineral fertilizers contributes to the production of environmentally friendly products

scholarly journals Екологічна експертиза технологій вирощування пшениці озимої в умовах північного Лісостепу

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
О. В. Тогачинська ◽  
І. В. Паращенко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
By Products ◽  
Generative Organs

Висвітлено результати екологічної експертизи технологій вирощування пшениці озимої у північному Лісостепу за впливом на процеси міграції міді в генетичних горизонтах темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту та накопичення її у веґетативних і генеративних органах рослин. Результати екотоксикологічних досліджень дали змогу виявити, що мінеральна система удобрення та інтенсивний захист рослин можуть бути причиною нагромадження потенційно небезпечних шкідливих речовин у верхніх горизонтах ґрунту, а також сприяти їх міграції вниз за ґрунтовим профілем і створювати потенційну загрозу забруднення ґрунтових вод. The research was carried out on the basis of the Institute of Agroecology of the UAAS and the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of UAAS». Winter wheat variety – Lada Odes’ka. The soil of the experimental field is dark gray podzolized. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of fertilizer variants against the background of the minimal and intensive system of plant protection: control (without fertilizers), N60N30, P135K135 + N80 + N55, by-products, P90K90 + N60 + N30. The results of ecological examination of technologies of winter wheat growing in the Northern Forest-Steppe for the influence on the processes of copper migration in the genetic horizons of dark gray podzolized soil and its accumulation in vegetative and generative organs of plants are highlighted. The results of ecotoxicological studies have revealed that the mineral fertilizer system and intensive plant protection can cause the accumulation of potentially hazardous substances in the upper horizons of the soil. As well as promote their migration down the soil profile and create a potential threat to groundwater contamination. It was established that under the influence of mineral fertilizers (P135K135 + N80 + N55, P90K90N60 + N30, N45P45K45) intensive protection was carried out more active accumulation of potentially dangerous substances by vegetative (stem, leaves) by the organs of wheat. The use of by-products led to a decrease in the activity of these processes. Fertilizer systems, and especially plant protection, have had a significant impact on the redistribution of harmful substances between vegetative and generative organs of wheat. The amount of copper in winter wheat grains with intensive plant protection increased significantly. Prospects for scientific work in the future will be aimed at studying the influence of the transition of the transition of nickel, zinc from the soil into vegetative and generative organs of winter wheat and conducting an environmental assessment of technologies for growing winter wheat according to toxicological indicators.

scholarly journals Assimilation of basic nutrients from soil and mineral fertilizers of grain wheat on the black grain of the podzolized sand of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
H. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
O. Cherno ◽  
V. Boiyko ◽  
V. Liubych
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Different Doses

Assimilation of basic nutrients from soil and mineral fertilizers of grain wheat on the black grain of the podzolized sand of the Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine The effect results of prolonged use of different doses and ratios of fertilizers on chernozem podzolized in a field crop rotation under the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on the content of essential nutrients in winter wheat grain and straw, the precursor of which was soybean, were shown. It has been found that, due to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers, the nitrogen content of winter wheat grain increased by 13–49%, phosphorus by 3–19%, and potassium by 6–14%. With grain, winter wheat absorbs nitrogen most – 49.4–147.8 kg/ha and phosphorus – 22.1–51.9 kg Р2О5/ha, and potassium – only 15.0–32.6 kg K2О/ha, depending on yield and quality. It is estimated that 27–33% of nitrogen, 35–36% – of phosphorus and 74–76% of potassium are returned to the soil with winter wheat straw from economic removal depending on fertilizer doses. Keywords: winter wheat, podzolic heavy clay loam chernozem, content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, economic removal.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of biostimulants of growth in the technology of growing spring wheat in the Northern Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
V.M. Yula ◽  
М.О. Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
The Cost ◽  
By Products

Research goal. Determination of the effectiveness of growth biostimulants in the technology of growing soft spring wheat in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine to obtain high yield and grain quality. Methods. Field, laboratory research, mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. Under the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine the effect of the complex application of elements of adaptive technology of cultivation, in particular, mineral fertilizers, protection system and biostimulants of plant growth on the productivity of soft spring wheat variety Nedra was established.The cultivation technology, which provided for the application of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 during IV and VIII stages of organogenesis against the background of ensiling the by-products of predecessor and integrated crop protection in combination with the use of biostimulants in the average years of research, received the highest yield of spring wheat - 4.08 t/ha. Yield increase with this technology compared to the control was 2.03 t/ha. Crude protein content under these growing conditions was 16.3 %, crude gluten – 32.8 %, which corresponds to the 1st class of grain quality according to DSTU 3768: 2019. At low production costs for purchase and application of biostimulants of growth (only 200 UAH/ha) the economic effect of their use varied from 0,85 to 1,6 thousand UAH/ha in different fertilization technologies of growing soft spring wheat of Nedra variety. The cost of 1 ton of grain was reduced by 0,20–0,57 thousand UAH. Conclusions. The average yield increase of spring wheat from biostimulants application was 0.2–0.35 t/ha depending on fertilization level in growing technology. иThe use of biostimulants in combination with mineral fertilizers, to a greater extent, influenced the increase in the weight of 1000 grains. At technology, which provided the introduction of mineral fertilizer in a dose of N45P90K90 before sowing and by N45 on IV and VIII stages of organogenesis on the background of encroaching by-products predecessor and integrated system of protection received the highest economic effect of biostimulants application – 1.6 thousand UAH/ha, for reducing the cost of producing 1 ton of grain at 0.33 thousand UAH.

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