scholarly journals Екологічна експертиза технологій вирощування пшениці озимої в умовах північного Лісостепу

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
О. В. Тогачинська ◽  
І. В. Паращенко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
By Products ◽  
Generative Organs

Висвітлено результати екологічної експертизи технологій вирощування пшениці озимої у північному Лісостепу за впливом на процеси міграції міді в генетичних горизонтах темно-сірого опідзоленого ґрунту та накопичення її у веґетативних і генеративних органах рослин. Результати екотоксикологічних досліджень дали змогу виявити, що мінеральна система удобрення та інтенсивний захист рослин можуть бути причиною нагромадження потенційно небезпечних шкідливих речовин у верхніх горизонтах ґрунту, а також сприяти їх міграції вниз за ґрунтовим профілем і створювати потенційну загрозу забруднення ґрунтових вод. The research was carried out on the basis of the Institute of Agroecology of the UAAS and the NSC «Institute of Agriculture of UAAS». Winter wheat variety – Lada Odes’ka. The soil of the experimental field is dark gray podzolized. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of fertilizer variants against the background of the minimal and intensive system of plant protection: control (without fertilizers), N60N30, P135K135 + N80 + N55, by-products, P90K90 + N60 + N30. The results of ecological examination of technologies of winter wheat growing in the Northern Forest-Steppe for the influence on the processes of copper migration in the genetic horizons of dark gray podzolized soil and its accumulation in vegetative and generative organs of plants are highlighted. The results of ecotoxicological studies have revealed that the mineral fertilizer system and intensive plant protection can cause the accumulation of potentially hazardous substances in the upper horizons of the soil. As well as promote their migration down the soil profile and create a potential threat to groundwater contamination. It was established that under the influence of mineral fertilizers (P135K135 + N80 + N55, P90K90N60 + N30, N45P45K45) intensive protection was carried out more active accumulation of potentially dangerous substances by vegetative (stem, leaves) by the organs of wheat. The use of by-products led to a decrease in the activity of these processes. Fertilizer systems, and especially plant protection, have had a significant impact on the redistribution of harmful substances between vegetative and generative organs of wheat. The amount of copper in winter wheat grains with intensive plant protection increased significantly. Prospects for scientific work in the future will be aimed at studying the influence of the transition of the transition of nickel, zinc from the soil into vegetative and generative organs of winter wheat and conducting an environmental assessment of technologies for growing winter wheat according to toxicological indicators.

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE CROP AND THE QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-923
Author(s):  
V.G. Vlasov ◽  
◽  
L.G. Zakharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The results of studying the influence of elements of the technology of cultivation of spring wheat (various predecessors, methods of basic tillage, doses of mineral fertilizers) in order to obtain grain that meet the food requirements (GOST 9353-2016) are presented. The studies were carried out in 2015–2017 in the Ulyanovsk region in the forest-steppe zone on leached chernozem. The object was the Ulyanovskaya 105 spring soft wheat variety, which has been recommended for cultivation in the Volgo-Vyatka (4), Middle Volga (7), Ural (9) regions of the Russian Federation since 2017. The scheme of the experiment provided for placement after peas and winter wheat, autumn main dumping and shallow tillage. In each of the options, the sowing was carried out using three backgrounds of mineral fertilizer – N24Р6 К0 kg/ha a.i. before sowing; N64Р18К35 kg/ha d.v. before sowing + retardant “Tse Tse Tse 750” (chlormequat chloride); N50Р30К70 kg/ha d.v. before sowing + N25 in tillering + N30 after heading + retardant “Tse Tse Tse 750”, calculated for the planned yield of 4.0; 5.0 and 6.0 t/ha, respectively. The meteorological conditions in the years of research were characterized by uneven precipitation (HTC in 2015 – 0.7; in 2016 – 0.8; in 2017 – 1.4). The grain yield of the studied variety of spring soft wheat on average for the variants of the experiment ranged from 3.82 t/ha to 5.60 t/ha with its high quality. The largest amount of protein (720–760 kg/ha) and grain weight per ear (1.07–1.08 g) were formed by the predecessor of peas after plowing against the background of the introduction of mineral fertilizers in doses calculated for the planned yield of 5.0–6,0 t/ha. In terms of the content of crude gluten (28.1–30.9%), in nature (786–798) and vitreousness (87–91%), the grain corresponded to the indicators of class 2, in terms of protein content in the grain (12.5–13.5%) – indicators of the 3rd class of GOST 9353-2016. Higher quality grain with a higher yield level was formed according to the pea predecessor. The coefficient of elasticity of flour dough within the normal range for strong wheat (0.70–0.85) was observed on all variants of plowing and on 1 background of mineral fertilizers for fine processing according to the predecessor winter wheat, as well as on 1 and 2 backgrounds of mineral fertilizers according to to both methods of basic tillage according to the pea precursor. According to the general baking assessment (4.1–4.4 points), the Ulyanovskaya 105 variety corresponded to the norm for valuable crop varieties.

scholarly journals THE NEW ORGANIC-MINERAL FERTILIZER FOR GRAIN CROPS

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Ivanov ◽  
Zh. A. Ivanova ◽  
I. V. Sokolov ◽  
I. A. Freydkin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
North West ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Organic Mineral

The problem to provide the livestock industry of the North-West of Russia with forage grain has sharply escalated since 2010. Its successful solution is connected with the level and validity of the use of mineral and organic fertilizers. The purpose of the study, started by the Menkovsky Branch of the AFI in 2012, was to find effective options for the use of new organic-mineral fertilizer (OMF) which provides maximum agronomic effect and can produce grain of high quality. The methodological basis was the micro trials in polyethylene vessels without bottoms of 1 × 1 × 0.4 m in size with an artificially formed upper part of the profile of degraded sandy sod-podzolic soil. The soil was of 4.75 рНKCl, 3.46 mmol (eq) of Ng per100g, 3.20 mmol (eq) of Sch per100g, 1.83% of humus, 217 mg / kg of mobile compounds of phosphorus and 92 mg / kg of potassium. In the course of research, there was high agronomic efficiency of its use for winter wheat and satisfactory agronomic efficiency of its use for barley. When the winter wheat variety ‘Moskovskaya 56’ was fertilized with 5 t/ha of organic-mineral fertilizer containing 2.46% of Ng, 4.51% of P₂O₅ and 3.36% of K₂O, grain yield increased in 2.6 times. Fertilized with N75P50K50 the productivity improved in 3.8 times with a payback of 1 kg of NPK 7.4 and 5.6 grain units, respectively. It has been established that the combination of OMF with mineral fertilizers is accompanied by a significant yield increase with a decrease in its relative contribution from 153% to 59% and from 143% to 105% and a payback of 1 kg of NPK from 3.8 to 2.6 and from 6.9 to 4.7 of barley grain units and winter wheat grain units, respectively. The best indicators of the agronomic efficiency of OMF, both when applied in pure form and when fertilized with N75P50K50, corresponded to a dose of 4 t / ha. It has been found that the addition of 10 kg of potassium (К₂О) per 1 ton to OMF provided yield increase on 15% and the payback period of 1 kg NPK increased from 6.4 to 8.4 grain units. Qualitative indicators of wheat and barley grain fertilized with OMF improved due to the rise of raw protein percentage on 8–27% and a number of ash elements, such as CaO (from 0.07 to 0.11 mg/kg), MgO (from 0.16 to 0.21 mg/kg), Zn (from 21.5 to 23.6 mg/kg). 

scholarly journals The effect of mineral and organomineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat on the southern black soil in the condi-tions of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Artem Ermilov ◽  
◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
Vladimir Turchin ◽  
Vera Kamenevа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer System

Field experiments were conducted in 2017-2020 on the southern black soil in the conditions of the Lower Don. The Doneko winter wheat variety was sown. The predecessor of wheat is corn for grain. Mineral fertilizers were represented by ammonium nitrate (34.4%), nitroammophosk (16-16-16) and carbamide (46%), which acted as a background option in the scheme of the ex-periment. Organomineral fertilizers were preceded by the following agrochemicals: Ruther, Leyli 2000, Alga 1000/Turbo, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Garden (Master Green Mix) and Double Vine (Monocaliphosphate). In the experiment, options for the joint use of non-root application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. It was found that the use of organomineral fertilizers Ruther (0.5 or 0.25 l/ton) and Leyli (0.25 l/ton) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l/ha) and Humiful Pro (0.2 l/ha) in spring tillering and in the flag leaf phase against the background of a starter treatment mineral fertilizer in the form of azofoska at a dose of N32P32K32, fertilizing on frozen-thawed soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and non-root topdressing with carbamide in the phase, earing at a dose of N20 increased the increase in grain yield on average for 3 years compared to the control variant (farm fertilizer system) by 0.73 t/ha or by 23.0%. The greatest increase in yield from the Router root-forming agent used for seed treatment was 0.36 t/ha or 11.3%. Keywords: WINTER WHEAT, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS, YIELD

scholarly journals Winter wheat varieties productivity of on elements of growing technology under the conditions of Southern Step of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
O. Markovska ◽  
T. Hrechyshkina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Fertilizer System

Agrarian science has faced the problem of is the humanity provision with food, the major part of which is provided by grain crops. Winter wheat the most fully uses the existing bioclimatic potential of the Ukrainian regions. The highest productivity of this crop can be obtained with the use of modern adapted varieties with high genetic potential of productivity taking into account the soil-climatic conditions of the zone, improvement and development of highly effi cient, scientifi cally grounded systems of nutrition and plants protection against harmful organisms. The article presents the results of the research conducted in 2017–2019 on dark brown medium-loam low-saline soils under the conditions of the experimental fi eld of State Enterprise Experimental Farm “Kopani” of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS of Bilozersky district of Kherson region. The infl uence of varietal characteristics, mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer system, biological and chemical methods of disease protection on the productivity of winter wheat plants was investigated. The fi eld, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the experiment according to the generally accepted methods and guidelines in Ukraine. It was found out that the highest level of productivity was formed by wheat plants of Maria winter variety on the background of application of pre-sowing cultivation of mineral fertilizers at a N30P30 dose with the use of foliar fertilization with organic-mineral fertilizer ROST, solution (2.0 l/ha) at the beginning of the restoration of spring vegetation and in a stage of the fl ag leaf and chemical protection of plants using fungicide – Colossal, emulsion concentrate (1.0 l/ha). Thus, on average during the years of research, the grain yield in this variant was 4.96 t/ha, the number of productive stems – 411 pieces/m2, the number of grains in the ear – 27.6 pieces, the mass of 1000 grains – 51.5g. When using the chemical method of protection to control dark brown spotting (Drechslera sorociniana Subram) of winter wheat, the rate of development of the disease ranged 2.0–3.1 %, and the eff ectiveness ranged 83.1 – 89.4 %. Key words: fertilizers, biologicals, fungicide, yield, foliar feeding, plant protection.

scholarly journals Control of segetal vegetation under adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
M.M. Ptashnik ◽  
S.V. Dudnyk ◽  
F.I. Brukhal ◽  
N.Ye. Boris
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

In the results of research are presented the regularities of the formation of cenoses of segetal vegetation in field crops, in particular, corn for grain and soybeans, with adaptive tillage systems in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine in order to develop effective, environmentally safe, resource-and energy-saving agrotechnological measures to control the level of contamination of agricultural land. The research was carried out during 2016-2020 in a stationary two – factor field experiment, which includes 5 alternative tillage systems (plowing, flat – cutting processing, differentiated – chiseling, shallow and surface – disking) and 3 fertilizer systems (without fertilizers; earning in the soil by – products of the predecessor; by-products + mineral fertilizers) in a short-term grain crop rotation (winter wheat-corn for grain-spring barley-soy) on gray large-sawn-light loamy forest soils.It was found that in agrocenoses of corn for grain and soybeans during the growing season, a small-year type of contamination is formed with a predominance of representatives of the Poaceae family, the monocotyledonous class, in particular Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Setaria glauca L.The best results in controlling of the development of segetal vegetation on experimental variants were provided by varieties of deep tillage (plow, flat-cut or chisel) against the background of an organic-mineral fertilizer system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessor into the soil and the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Such fertilizer systems decreased the contamination of crops by 38.9%.When cultivating the soil without turning the soil chunk – flat-cut and disking, against the background without fertilizers, the development of segetal vegetation was poorly controlled.Systems of minimized–shallow and surface disk treatments significantly (up to 88%) increased the abundance and (up to 91%) weight indicators of crop weed contamination in the pre-harvest period compared to multi-depth plowing and differentiated system of basic soil tilling.

scholarly journals Agroecological justification of winter wheat fertilization systems in the south-west of the Central Black-soil region

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 07005
Author(s):  
Sergey Tyutyunov ◽  
Pavel Solntsev ◽  
Alexey Stupakov ◽  
Marina Kulikova ◽  
Al Dhuhaibawi Haider Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Soil Region ◽  
Fertilizer System

Under the conditions of the south-western part of the Central Black-soil region in the grain-and-plant crop rotation on the black-soil the typical maximum yield of winter wheat was 5.52 t/ha when using the organic-mineral fertilizer system as part of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P60K60 and manure in the dose of 40 t/ha according to the third level of plant protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide insecticide growth substances) with maximum payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers with grain harvest increase – 15.5 kg. Yield increase at the 1st level of plant protection (seed etching) was 1.86 t/ha (68.1%), at the 2nd level of protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide) – 2.55 t/ha (93.4%) and at the 3rd level of protection – 2.79 t/ha (102.2%). The highest increase from pesticides was 0.69 and 0.93 t/ha (15.0 and 20.3%), respectively. The use of such a fertilizer system is justified, in which the energy coefficient was 1.03 and 1.05. The design of an organic fertilizer system using manure does not meet the requirements of bioenergy efficiency at all levels of plant protection (Кee = 0.79-0.87).

scholarly journals Особливості розмноження шкідників пшениці озимої при ресурсоощадних системах застосування добрив у Лісостепу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
В. В. Сахненко ◽  
Д. В. Сахненко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Short Rotation

Узагальнено особливості формувань чисельності шкідників при застосуванні сумішей добрив і засобів захисту рослин на посівах пшениці озимої. Уточнено біологію, поширення, розвиток, еколого-економічне значення шкідників у технологіях вирощування зернових культур і рекомендовані заходи щодо оптимального застосування профілактичних і спеціальних захисних заходів від шкідників у короткоротаційних польових сівозмінах. Теоретично обґрунтовано та експериментально підтверджено закономірності формувань енотмокомплексів при сучасному застосуванні рідких форм добрив, зокрема карбамідно-аміачної суміші (КАС) і засобів захисту рослин. The article generalizes the features of the formation of pest numbers when using mixtures of fertilizers and plant protection products on winter wheat crops. The specified biology, distribution, development, ecological and economic importance of pests in technologies of growing grain crops and recommended measures for the optimal use of preventive and special protective measures against pests in short-rotation field crop rotations. The regularities of the formation of enotmocomplexes in the modern application of liquid forms of fertilizers, in particular the carbamide-ammonium mixture of CAS and plant protection products, are theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. The use of modern liquid forms of fertilizers KAS, 32 % and plant protection products for the cultivation of winter wheat and other cereals in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine remains at a relatively low level: imperfection of technology, adverse climatic conditions, various stresses do not allow realizing the potential of crop productivity. The rationale for the effectiveness of such mixtures for breeding and the number of pests in modern technologies for growing crops deserves special attention in terms of optimizing the phytosanitary state of grain crops in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that the best conditions for the formation of the winter wheat seed crop are created by applying fertilizers at a dose of H90 P40 and integrated plant protection. With high soil moisture and protection of plants from the pest complex, the tank mixtures are crushed, including at low moisture reserves and without plant protection, single and fragmented application of mineral fertilizers provide practically the same yield of winter wheat seeds. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to improve the effectiveness of plant protection products in mixtures of rare forms of fertilizers with the determination of their effect on the dynamics of numbers and reproduction of pests of grain crops in modern crop rotation of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROCHEMICAL LOAD ON PLANT SUPPLY OF FOOD ELEMENTS AND YIELD OF MAIZE IN THE FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
N.M. Asanishvili ◽  
N.H. Buslaieva ◽  
S.L. Shliakhturova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
By Products

The article presents the results of research on the optimization of the supply of maize plants with the main nutrients under different agrochemical loads in the Forest-Steppe. The aim of the research was to establish the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and by-products of the predecessor as fertilizers on the supply of plants with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and corn yield. The research was carried out during 2016-2019 on dark gray wooded soil of the Forest-Steppe with the use of field, chemical, calculation-weight and mathematical-statistical methods. It were found that long-term growing of agricultural crops for 30 years under different agrochemical loading in crop rotation on dark gray wooded soil of the Forest-Steppe led to the creation of different agrochemical backgrounds. According to the results of soil and plant diagnostics, it has been established that nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for growing corn. In the variants with application of increased (N180P120K180) and high (N240P120K240) norms of mineral fertilizers against the background of by-products of the predecessor (winter wheat straw), where the highest yield of corn is formed - 11.21-12.10 t / ha, mobile phosphorus content 20 cm layer of soil was very high, mobile potassium - high, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen - very low. In these variants, maize plants in stages BBCH 16, 19 and 65 accumulated the optimal amount of nitrogen, and the content of phosphorus and potassium showed optimal and high supply during the growing season for the application of mineral fertilizers in the norms above N60P45K60.According to the results of correlation and regression analysis, the decisive role of nitrogen and potassium in the formation of corn productivity was confirmed. Mathematical models have been constructed that make it possible to predict the level of maize yield depending on the content of chemical elements in the soil and plants at the early stages of BBCH development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document