Correction Methods and Validation for Environmental Conditions in the Ice Field Trials

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

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Strip-till technology - a method for uniformity in the emergence and plant growth of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in different environmental conditions of Northern Poland

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2018.981 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Iwona Jaskulska ◽

Lech Gałęzewski ◽

Mariusz Piekarczyk ◽

Dariusz Jaskulski

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Block Design ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Field Trials ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Initial Development ◽

Winter Rapeseed

The emergence of plants is especially important for the winter crops that are grown in the challenging environmental conditions of many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The emergence and initial growth of winter rapeseed were compared in field trials in a randomized block design with three replicates for plants sown in conventional tillage systems (CT) and strip-till (ST), which had different weather conditions and on soil with a non-uniform texture over a period of two years. Sowing in the CT was carried out using Horsch Pronto 4DC (Germany) at a row distance of 0.29 m. The ST operations were performed using a Pro-Til 4T drill manufactured by Mzuri Limited (Great Britain) - row spacing of 0.36 m. In favourable rainfall and thermal conditions, the density of winter rapeseed plants two weeks after sowing was found to be higher if it was sown after the CT than in the ST system. In the year that had a serious shortage of rainfall during the sowing period, a considerably higher density of plants was achieved using the ST system. The uniformity of plant growth using the ST technology in soil with a varied texture, especially in a year with an unfavourable distribution of rainfall, was proven by less variability in the number of leaves in the rosette, in the dry mass of the leaf rosette and in the root neck thickness of the winter rapeseed than in the CT system. The ST system can create good conditions for the initial development and preparation of rapeseed plants for wintering.

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Control of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) in corn

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps10065 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 933-938 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Soltani ◽

C. Shropshire ◽

P.H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Excellent Control

Nine field trials (five with PRE and four with POST herbicides) were conducted in 2006 to 2009 on various Ontario farms with heavy common cocklebur infestations to determine the effectiveness of PRE and POST herbicides for the control of common cocklebur in corn. There was no commercially significant corn injury from the PRE herbicides evaluated. Saflufenacil, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine and dicamba/atrazine, applied PRE provided 85, 85, 76, 73 and 67% control of common cocklebur in corn 8 wk after emergence (WAE), respectively. Common cocklebur shoot dry weight was reduced 84, 80, 79, 75 and 68% with saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine, saflufenacil and dicamba/atrazine, respectively. There was no effect on corn yield compared with the weedy control with the PRE herbicides evaluated. The application of 2,4-D/atrazine POST resulted in unacceptable injury (28%) in corn. Dicamba/atrazine, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba and mesotrione + atrazine provided up to 98, 95, 90 and 90% control of common cocklebur 8 wk after application (WAA), respectively. All POST herbicide treatments increased corn yield compared with the non-treated control. Saflufenacil and saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p applied PRE and dicamba, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba/atrazine or mesotrione + atrazine applied POST have potential to provide good to excellent control of common cocklebur in corn under Ontario environmental conditions.

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Evacuation in Ice: Ice Loads on a Lifeboat During Field Trials

Volume 6: Polar and Arctic Sciences and Technology; Offshore Geotechnics; Petroleum Technology Symposium ◽

10.1115/omae2013-10689 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

António J. Simões Ré ◽

Brian Veitch

Keyword(s):

Field Measurements ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Field Trials ◽

Hull Form ◽

Pack Ice ◽

Scale Field ◽

Ice Loads ◽

Ice Field ◽

Operational Issues ◽

And Training

Full-scale field trials of a conventional lifeboat in pack ice have yielded insights into the design and operation of evacuation craft in ice. The multi-year trials program used an instrumented lifeboat to investigate design considerations such as powering and propulsion, hull form, maneuvering, ice loads and ergonomics. Operational issues that have been examined include ice management for emergency evacuation, coxswain competence and training. This paper focuses on local ice loads measured on the hull during aggressive operations in pack ice. Field measurements are presented and the implications for design and safe operations are discussed.

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Desiccation in dry edible beans with various herbicides

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-061 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 871-877 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nader Soltani ◽

Robert E. Blackshaw ◽

Robert H. Gulden ◽

Chris L. Gillard ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Field Trials ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Glufosinate Ammonium ◽

Dry Down ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Harvest Aid

Soltani, N., Blackshaw, R. E., Gulden, R.H., Gillard, C. L., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2013. Desiccation in dry edible beans with various herbicides. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 871–877. There is little information available on the effect of diquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin and saflufenacil applied alone or in tankmix combination with glyphosate as harvest aids in dry bean production under environmental conditions of the various production regions in Canada. A total of 11 field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2010, 2011, 2012) at Exeter, Ontario, Carman, Manitoba, and Lethbridge, Alberta, to evaluate various harvest-aid herbicides in dry bean. Comparison of leaf, pod and stem visual dry down at 4 and 8 d after desiccation application (DAA) indicated that adding a tankmix partner to glyphosate increased visual dry down of leaf, pod and stem 17, 10 and 15% at 4 DAA and 20, 17 and 14% at 8 DAA, respectively. At 8 DAA, glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha−1), diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil provided 13–58, 65–80, 64–71, 12–34, 36–52 and 41–73% dry down of the dominant weeds (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI), respectively. Diquat, glufosinate ammonium, carfentrazone-ethyl, flumioxazin and saflufenacil tankmixed with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha−1) provided 67–77, 65–71, 22–62, 45–69 and 44–74% weed dry down, respectively. Dry bean yield was not reduced with any of the desiccation treatments. Among desiccant treatments that provided consistent desiccation of dry bean and weeds, saflufenacil had the least environmental impact followed by flumioxazin, glufosinate ammonium and then diquat. Based on this study, diquat, glufosinate ammonium, flumioxazin and saflufenacil alone or in combination with glyphosate (450 or 900 g a.e. ha−1) provide consistent desiccation of weeds and dry bean.

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DISEASES DIVERSITY FOR FLAX GENETIC RESOURCES IN LATVIA

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2017vol1.2548 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 278

Author(s):

Inga Stafecka ◽

Dace Grauda ◽

Veneranda Stramkale

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Field Trials ◽

Research Centre ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Stage Of Development

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L) yield of stem and seeds and them quality is influenced by a number of harmful diseases but investigation about pathogens in recent years have not been done in Latvia. Each stage of development of disease is important in the pathogen life cycle and requires certain condition. Goal of this study have identify possibilities of the pathogens and were assess disease severity depending on the genotypes on flax in variable environmental conditions. The resistance to the diseases for 24 flax genotypes and standard variety ‘Vega 2’ were evaluated. The field trials have been carried out over the period from 2015 to 2016 at the Research Centre of Priekuli, part of Vilani in Latgale. Disease progress was measured every week, and for each treatment, severity of diseases index and the area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC) were calculated. The flow cytometry method for detection of flax pathogens was developed. The Fusarium avenaveum was dominating disease and statically significant in both vegetation periods. In 2015 were identified statically significant (p

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Adaptability of Narrow-Crowned Norway Spruce Ideotype (Picea abies (L.) Karst. pendula Form) in 25 Years Half-Sib Comparative Trials in the Eastern Carpathians

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10050395 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 395 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ecaterina Apostol ◽

Marius Budeanu

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Wood Density ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Tree Height ◽

Field Trials ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Eastern Carpathians

This study analysed the stability of the narrow-crowned Norway spruce (pendula form) compared with the classic form of spruce (pyramidalis form) in two half-sib field trials located in the Romanian Carpathians. From eight natural populations, representative of three of the four large spruce spread areas in Romania, open-pollinated seeds from 48 trees (24 pendula ideotype and 24 pyramidalis form) were collected to install the Maneciu and Soveja trials. In these trials, at age 25 years, measurements were performed for the following traits: tree height, breast height diameter, crown diameter, number of branches per whorl and dominant branch diameter. Some important traits were calculated: average volume per tree, trees’ slenderness, crown slenderness and branches’ finesse. Pearson’s simple correlations between the analysed traits were calculated and also the correlations between traits and geographic and climatic gradients of provenances’ origin. In addition, cores were collected to compare the wood density of the two forms of spruce. In both trials, but especially in the limitative environmental conditions of the Soveja trial, the narrow crowned form of Norway spruce (Picea abies f. pendula) presented more favourable average results than the normal crown spruce form for the most important stand stability traits: trees’ slenderness, wood density, branches’ diameter and branches’ finesse. Between spruce crown forms, in both trials, no significant differences were observed for the growth traits, but between trials, higher results resulted in optimal environmental conditions of the Măneciu test (+89% for the trees’ volume). The trees from different provenances and with specific forms of the crown reacted differently to the changing of the testing site, which required the adoption of maximum caution for decisions regarding the transfer of forest reproductive materials. The correlations between the analysed traits converge towards the adoption of a two-step breeding strategy, starting by selection of narrow crowned trees after stability traits.

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Postemergence Control of Annual Bluegrass with Mesotrione in Kentucky Bluegrass

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.4.522 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 522-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Joshua J. Skelton ◽

William Sharp ◽

Bruce E. Branham

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Field Trials ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Significant Application ◽

Levels Of Control

Six field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to study postemergence control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L. var. Hausskn Timm) in kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) with mesotrione. Mesotrione was applied at 11 different rate and application intervals to an area of kentucky bluegrass that was naturally infested with annual bluegrass. Mesotrione rates of 56 g·ha−1 applied two or three times per week for a total of 10 applications or 84 g·ha−1 applied two times per week for a total of seven applications provided consistent control of annual bluegrass but required significant application labor and resulted in minor kentucky bluegrass injury. Other treatments that required fewer applications, 110 g·ha−1 applied twice per week for five applications or 186 g·ha−1 per week for three applications, also achieved high levels of control under high air temperatures, but control levels can vary significantly as temperatures fluctuate and seasons change. Mesotrione can successfully control annual bluegrass in kentucky bluegrass when frequent applications at low rates are applied or when environmental conditions are conducive to control.

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Effects of sowing date and cultivar on spike weight and kernel number in durum wheat

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp09235 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 287 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Simona Bassu ◽

Francesco Giunta ◽

Rosella Motzo

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Field Trials ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Kernel Number ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Intercepted Radiation ◽

Wheat Spike

In wheat, spike weight is associated with kernel number. The response of spike weight to photoperiod and the amount of radiation available during the period of spike growth and the associated changes in spike : stem ratio were investigated through field trials involving three durum wheat cultivars with different flowering time over two seasons and three sowing dates. Across the three cultivars spike and stem weight differed in response to the photoperiod and to the photothermal quotient, i.e. the ratio between intercepted radiation and temperature; this reflected the sensitivity of the spike : stem ratio to the environmental conditions induced by sowing date, which affected the allometry of the ratio. The photothermal quotient (0.14–1.70 MJ m–2 day–1 °C–1) explained most of the variation in both spike weight (83–270 g m–2) and kernel number per m2 (2638–13 993), across all the environments sampled. The phenology explained a significant portion of the variation in spike weight, but its influence was minor compared with the combined effects of the quantity of intercepted radiation and the temperature. Therefore, the correlation between kernel number and the photothermal quotient before anthesis was more sensible to the environmental variation induced by sowing date beyond its conventional window.

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