Evacuation in Ice: Ice Loads on a Lifeboat During Field Trials

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
António J. Simões Ré ◽  
Brian Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
And Training

Full-scale field trials of a conventional lifeboat in pack ice have yielded insights into the design and operation of evacuation craft in ice. The multi-year trials program used an instrumented lifeboat to investigate design considerations such as powering and propulsion, hull form, maneuvering, ice loads and ergonomics. Operational issues that have been examined include ice management for emergency evacuation, coxswain competence and training. This paper focuses on local ice loads measured on the hull during aggressive operations in pack ice. Field measurements are presented and the implications for design and safe operations are discussed.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Analysis of Local Ice Loads on a Lifeboat Measured in Full-Scale Field Trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Samsur Rahman ◽  
Rocky S. Taylor ◽  
Allison Kennedy ◽  
António Simões Ré ◽  
Brian Veitch
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
Maximum Method

This paper presents an analysis of local ice loads measured during full-scale field trials conducted in 2014 with a totally enclosed motor propelled survival craft (TEMPSC) in controlled pack ice conditions. These data were collected as part of an ongoing research program that aims to identify the limitations of conventional TEMPSC operating in sea ice environments and to provide insight as to how these limitations might be extended. During the 2014 trials, local ice loads were measured at two locations on the TEMPSC's bow area. These loads were the most severe measured to date and corresponded to an average ice floe mass that was approximately 1.25 times the mass of the fully loaded TEMPSC. The event-maximum method of local ice pressure analysis was used to analyze these field data to improve understanding of the nature of ice loads for such interactions and to evaluate the suitability of this approach for design load estimation for TEMPSCs (i.e., lifeboats) in ice. The event-maximum method was adapted for the present application, so as to link exceedance probabilities with design load levels for a given scenario. Comparison of the 2014 results with a previous analysis of 2013 field trials data supports earlier conclusions that these interactions are highly influenced by kinetic energy, since more massive ice floes are observed to impart significantly higher loads on the lifeboats. Illustrative examples examining the influence of ice concentration and sail-away distance have also been provided. The work establishes links between extreme loads and the exposure of the lifeboat to ice for different operating conditions. Based on this work it is concluded that the event-maximum method provides a promising approach for establishing risk-based design criteria for lifeboats if field data are available which adequately represent ice conditions encountered during the design life of the lifeboat.

Large-Scale Field Trials on Dense Vapour Dispersion

1985 ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McQuaid ◽  
B. Roebuck ◽  
D. G. Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field

Effect of Transitions in the Water Table and Soil Moisture Content on the Cathodic Protection of Buried Pipelines

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser King ◽  
Russell Given ◽  
Robert G. Worthingham ◽  
Greg Van Boven
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
O2 Concentration

Buried pipelines can be subject to transitional environments due to changes in soil type or moisture content. Changes in the height of the water table, for example, will affect not only the availability of water but also the access of oxygen to the pipe surface. Transitions between different soil types will also result in different exposure conditions for different parts of the pipe. These variations can affect the distribution of potential on the pipe surface and the ability of the CP system to provide adequate protection. A combination of laboratory-scale soil box tests and field measurements on operating pipelines has been used to study the effect of varying moisture content and water level on the level of cathodic protection and on pipe-depth environmental conditions. In both laboratory tests and field trials, the degree of protection was found to depend on the availability of cathodic reactants (O2 and/or H2O). Ingress of O2 results in a positive shift in potential as more current is required to electrochemically reduce the oxidant and the pipe is less easily polarized. Under some circumstances, the ingress of water has the same effect. Although more aerobic conditions lead to more positive potentials, the pipe is not necessarily less well protected. In many dry and/or high resistivity soils, the pipe surface may well be passive because of the high interfacial pH and/or high O2 concentration.

scholarly journals Development of an analytical model to predict oil reservoirs performance using mechanical waves propagation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Abu Zaid ◽  
◽  
Sherif A. Akl ◽  
Mahmoud Abu El Ela ◽  
Ahmed El-Banbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Reservoir Performance ◽  
Mechanical Waves ◽  
Incremental Oil Recovery ◽  
Wave Induced

The mechanical waves have been used as an unconventional enhanced oil recovery technique. It has been tested in many laboratory experiments as well as several field trials. This paper presents a robust forecasting model that can be used as an effective tool to predict the reservoir performance while applying seismic EOR technique. This model is developed by extending the wave induced fluid flow theory to account for the change in the reservoir characteristics as a result of wave application. A MATLAB program was developed based on the modified theory. The wave’s intensity, pressure, and energy dissipation spatial distributions are calculated. The portion of energy converted into thermal energy in the reservoir is assessed. The changes in reservoir properties due to temperature and pressure changes are considered. The incremental oil recovery and reduction in water production as a result of wave application are then calculated. The developed model was validated against actual performance of Liaohe oil field. The model results show that the wave application increases oil production from 33 to 47 ton/day and decreases water-oil ratio from 68 to 48%, which is close to the field measurements. A parametric analysis is performed to identify the important parameters that affect reservoir performance under seismic EOR. In addition, the study determines the optimum ranges of reservoir properties where this technique is most beneficial.

scholarly journals Sea-ice Reconnaissance by Radar

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Radar Network ◽  
Radar Screen ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
Radar Information ◽  
Sea Coast

AbstractTo observe the distribution of pack ice off the coast of the Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido, a radar network consisting of three radar stations was constructed during 1967-69. It covers an area about 70 km wide and 250 km long. The stations are remote-controlled by radio from the Sea Ice Research Laboratory and the information obtained is transmitted back to the laboratory and observed there. Radar has the great advantage of being able to make continuous observations of ice. Usually several special features can be seen on the radar screen, and they are used as markers for the observation of movement. It is ascertained that the average pattern of drift in this area is from north to south-east along the coast line and the ice field undergoes internal deformation during its drift. To get some information on the surface topography of ice from A-scope radar, the intensity of echo signals is classified into 16 steps by computer. To obtain the movement of an ice field from the numerical radar information, a modified two-dimensional cross-correlation method was tested.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Komik Matematika Berbasis Kontekstual Untuk Materi Lingkaran

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Elfrida Rif’atul Chusniah ◽  
Rini Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Scale Field

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan komik matematika berbasis kontekstual untuk materi lingkaran yang berkualitas baik berdasarkan tiga kriteria, yaitu valid, praktis, dan efektif. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D). Prosedur-prosedur pengembangan yang digunakan meliputi empat langkah: (1) melakukan perencanaan produk yang akandikembangkan, (2) mengembangkan produk awal, (3) validasi dan revisi produk, (4) uji coba lapangan skala kecil dan revisi. Uji coba komik dilakukan secara terbatas oleh 10 siswa kelas VIII SMP. Teknik pengumpulan data yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket, sedangkan instrumen penelitian yangdigunakan meliputi lembar validasi, angket penggunaan media, dan angket respon siswa. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komik matematika dinyatakan valid dengan skor kevalidan 4 oleh ahli media dan 3,9 oleh ahli materi dari skor maksimum 5 sehingga dikategorikan valid, komik matematika dinyatakan praktis dengan hasil analisis persentase kepraktisan 76,28 % dan komik matematika dinyatakan efektif degan hasil analisis persentase keefektifan 79,4%, sehingga dikategorikan efektif. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka media komik ini memiliki kualitas yang baik sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai satu upaya atau alternatif media dalam proses pembelajaran sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dan menciptakan suasana yang menyenangkan bagi siswa.Kata Kunci: media pembelajaran, komik matematika, lingkaranThis research is a research that aims to develop contextual based mathematical comics for good quality circle material based on three criteria, namely valid, practical, and effective. The design of this research is Research and Development (R&D). The development procedures used include four steps: (1) conducting product planning to be developed, (2) developing initial products, (3) product validation and revision, (4) small-scale field trials and revisions. Comic trials are limited to 10 students in grade VIII SMP. Data collection techniques applied in this study were questionnaires, while the research instruments used included validation sheets, media use questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The research data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative. The results of this study indicate that mathematics comics are declared valid with a validity score of 4 by media experts and 3.9 by material experts from a maximum score of 5 so that they are categorized valid, mathematical comics are declared practical with the results of a practicality percentage analysis of 76.28% and mathematical comics are declared effective with the result of the analysis of the effectiveness percentage is 79.4%, so it is categorized as effective. Based on these results, this comic media has good quality so that it can be used as an alternative media used by teachers in the teaching and learning process in an effort to improve the quality of education and create a pleasant atmosphere for students.Keywords: learning media, mathematical comics, circles

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN SOAL TES PENALARAN TINGGI BERBASIS KOMPUTER PADA BAHASAN TRIGONOMETRI SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kuswardani ◽  
I Nyoman Arcana
Keyword(s):  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Student Questionnaire ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good Research

This study aims to (1) Developing the higer oreder thinking skills test on computer based in the subject of trigonometric SMA. (2) Knowing the feasibility of a higer oreder thinking skills tests computer based made on the subject of trigonometric SMA. This research is a research and development (Research & Development). The development method used in this study follows a simple development procedure suggested by Borg and Gall consisting of five steps: (1) Product analysis to be developed, (2) initial product development, (3) Expert Validation and product revision, (4) ) Limited field trials and product revisions, (5) Main-scale field trials and end products. The results of this study is a computer-based test entitled: "Computer Based Test Problems On High Trigonometric Discussion" which is packaged in the form of Comapct Disk (CD). The computer-based tests were tested limited trial of 30 students and a major trials of 34 SMA N 10 Yogyakarta. Problem-based computer test has met the validity, reliability, objectivity, praktibilitas, and economical. Validation results show a computer-based test is worth using. This is supported by: average grain matter about 4.80 (very good) and average media expert 4,76 (very good) and student questionnaire score 39,03 (very good.  Research suggestions, the product should be used by students as an exercise in computer based reasoning. 

Inconsistent effects of limestone on rice cadmium uptake: Results from multi-scale field trials and large-scale investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 136226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Meie Wang ◽  
Andrew C. Chang ◽  
Yanling Li ◽  
Weiping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cadmium Uptake ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Field

scholarly journals Off-Site Lime Stabilisation as an Option to Treat Pit Latrine Faecal Sludge for Emergency and Existing On-Site Sanitation Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Greya ◽  
Bernard Thole ◽  
Catherine Anderson ◽  
Flavius Kamwani ◽  
Jan Spit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Off-site lime stabilisation for treating faecal sludge was assessed by undertaking small-scale (35 L) and large-scale (600 L) field trials in Blantyre, Malawi. Hydrated lime was dosed to maintain pH 10, pH 10.5, pH 11, pH 11.5, and pH 12 depending on the buffer capacity of the faecal sludge in the four replica small-scale field trials. Significant reduction of E. coli to below the detection limit of 104 CFU/100 mL within 1 hour of treatment was reported for pH > 11. Based on the small-scale findings, large-scale field trials were conducted and greater than 3 log removal of E. coli was observed under pH 12 conditions. Therefore, based on the study, off-site lime stabilisation by dosing lime in the range of 10–35% w/w (dry solid basis), depending on the buffer capacity and solids content of the sludge to maintain pH > 11, can be used to sanitise faecal sludge during emergencies, as well as for existing on-site sanitation systems.

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