scholarly journals Experimental therapy for rabbits with radiation cystitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Oleg Korytov ◽  
Sergey Ivanov ◽  
Luiza Korytova ◽  
Alexandr Semenov ◽  
Grigory Tochilnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Bladder Mucosa ◽  
Intravesical Administration ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Hyaluronic Acids ◽  
Rabbit Urinary Bladder ◽  
Fractional Irradiation

Using a new model of the induction of radiation cystitis (RC) in rabbits, the treatment effectiveness of animals with intravesical administration of a biodegradable drug - a gel containing salts of alginic and hyaluronic acids, as well as dioxidine and lidocaine (AHDL) was assessed. The work was performed on female rabbits of the “Chinchilla” breed. Fractional irradiation of the rabbit urinary bladder was carried out by a linear photon accelerator: a single dose per fraction was 6 Gy administered daily for 5 days to a total focal dose of 30 Gy. As a result of irradiation of the bladder, the animals developed RC. AHDL-gel was injected intravesically using a catheter at a dose of 2500 mg / kg of body weight 3 times a day weekly for 2 months, starting from 1 month after irradiation. The drug had a pronounced therapeutic effect on the rabbits with RC: the values ​​of clinical and laboratory indicators of cystitis in urea and blood were reduced, it was observed regression of morphological manifestations of inflammation in the bladder mucosa.

Experimental Venous Thrombosis in Rats

1963 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Nordöy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Plasma Coagulation ◽  
Global Tests

Summary1. Thrombosis in rats were produced by Blake et al.’s technique of application of formalin solution to the jugular vein. The incidence of thrombosis produced by a 10% (v/v) formalin in 65% methanol solution and observed after 24 hours was 30% ± 4.6 S. D.2. The administration of 100 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight orally every fourth hour for 24 hours increased the incidence of thrombosis about twice (to about 65%).A single dose of 400 mg EACA 1,000 g body weight had a slight effect only.3. EACA increased markedly the antifibrinolytic activity in plasma with a maximum after 3—5 hours oral administration. A moderate increase in the fibrinogen concentration was observed in all groups.4. Global tests for plasma coagulation, the platelet count and the number of adhesive platelets were not significantly influenced by the administration of EACA.

Potential anti-toxic effect of d-ribose-l-cysteine supplement on the reproductive functions of male rats administered cyclophosphamide

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel O. Oludare ◽  
Gbenga O. Afolayan ◽  
Ganbotei G. Semidara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to access the protective effects of d-ribose-l-cysteine (DRLC) on cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced gonadal toxicity in male rats. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight rats each. Group I the control, received distilled water (10 ml/kg), Group II received a single dose of CPA 100 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (i.p), Groups III and IV received a single dose of CPA at 100 mg/kg (i.p) and then were treated with DRLC at 200 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w) and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. Rats in Groups V and VI received DRLC at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w for 10 days, respectively. DRLC was administered orally. Results Results showed that CPA increased percentage of abnormal sperm cells and reduced body weight, sperm count, sperm motility, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone levels (p<0.05). CPA also induced oxidative stress as indicated by the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced activities of the oxidative enzymes measured (p<0.05). Liver enzymes were elevated while the blood cells production was decreased in the rats administered CPA. DRLC supplementation enhanced the antioxidant defence system as indicated in the reduced MDA levels and increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes when compared with CPA (p<0.05). Bodyweight, sperm count, sperm motility, FSH, and testosterone levels were increased in the CPA + DRLC II group compared with CPA (p<0.05). Conclusions The results of this present study showed that DRLC has a potential protective effect on CPA-induced gonadotoxicity.

scholarly journals Extended single-dose toxicity study of [211At]NaAt in mice for the first-in-human clinical trial of targeted alpha therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Watabe ◽  
Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima ◽  
Kazuhiro Ooe ◽  
Yuwei Liu ◽  
Kenta Kurimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Targeted Alpha Therapy ◽  
Evaluation Point ◽  
Alpha Therapy

Abstract Objective Astatine (211At) is a promising alpha emitter as an alternative to iodine (131I). We are preparing the first-in-human (FIH) clinical trial of targeted alpha therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer in consultation with Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. Here, we performed an extended single-dose toxicity examination under a reliability standard, as a preclinical safety assessment of [211At]NaAt to determine the FIH dose. Methods [211At]NaAt solution was injected into normal 6-week-old mice (male (n = 50) and female (n = 50), body weight: male 33.2 ± 1.7 g, female 27.3 ± 1.5 g), which were then divided into four groups: 5 MBq/kg (n = 20), 20 MBq/kg (n = 20), 50 MBq/kg (n = 30), saline control (n = 30). The mice were followed up for 5 days (primary evaluation point for acute toxicity: n = 80) or 14 days (n = 20: evaluation point for recovery) to monitor general condition and body weight change. At the end of the observation period, necropsy, blood test, organ weight measurement, and histopathological examination were performed. For body weight, blood test, and organ weight, statistical analyses were performed to compare data between the control and injected groups. Results No abnormal findings were observed in the general condition of mice. In the 50 MBq/kg group, males (days 3 and 5) showed a significant decrease in body weight compared with the control. However, necropsy did not differ significantly beyond the range of spontaneous lesions. In the blood test, males (50 MBq/kg) and females (50 MBq/kg) showed a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts on day 5, and recovery on day 14. In the testis, a considerable weight decrease was observed on day 14 (50 MBq/kg), and multinucleated giant cells were observed in all mice, indicating a significant change related to the administration of [211At]NaAt. Conclusions In the extended single-dose toxicity study of [211At]NaAt, administration of high doses resulted in weight loss, transient bone marrow suppression, and pathological changes in the testis, which require consideration in the FIH clinical trial.

Suppression of Mesangial-Cell Proliferation by Trapidil in Glomerulonephritis Induced by Anti-Thymocyte Serum in Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Razzaque ◽  
M Cheng ◽  
T Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mesangial Cell ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mesangial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Group Ii

Trapadil (Mochida Pharmaceuticals, Japan), an antiplatelet drug, suppresses the growth of several cell types and is thought to antagonize platelet-derived growth factor. The effects of trapidil on mesangial-cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis induced by anti-thymocyte serum in Wistar rats were investigated. Control rats were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (group I); group II rats were injected with a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight), and group III rats were treated with both a single dose of anti-thymocyte serum (8 ml/kg body weight) and with trapidil (5 mg/kg body weight/day). Three rats in each group were killed on day 3, and the other three on day 10. Control rats showed no significant histological changes on day 3 or day 10. In group II, on day 3, there was a marked decrease in glomerular cell numbers, with mesangiolysis. Histologically severe mesangial-cell proliferation with expansion of mesangial areas was noted on day 10. None of the rats in group III showed mesangial alterations, histologically, indicating that mesangial-cell proliferation was suppressed by trapidil. This suppression may result from antagonism of the binding of platelet derived growth factor to the specific surface receptors in the mesangial cells. Trapidil may have clinical value in the treatment of mesangial-cell proliferative glomerular diseases.

scholarly journals An analysis of the objective and subjective evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Valeriy Nikolaevich Egiev ◽  
Yuliya Borisovna Mayorova ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Zorin ◽  
Anastasiya Vladimirovna Мелеshko ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Orlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Excess Body Weight

The results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity usually considers a variety of factors and the main attention is paid to the dynamics of body weight after surgery. It is generally accepted that in the absence of reducing excess body weight or with minimum weight loss (a few kilograms), the result is considered unsatisfactory. The aim of the work was to compare an objective assessment of gastric bypass (GBS) and gastric banding (GB) and the subjective evaluation of treatment effectiveness by patients themselves. The study included 457 (69.7%) patients that underwent GB and 198 (30.3%) patients after GBS. At the late postoperative period 243 patients (53.2%) were available after the GB and 112 (56.6%) patients after GBS. The frequency of matches between objective and subjective assessment of outcomes of surgery usually did not exceed 50%. Given this, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the results of bariatric surgery. Developed multicomponent scale allows to evaluate the effectiveness of any bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Eradication of Salmonella Typhimurium in broiler chicks by combined use of P22 bacteriophage and probiotic

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Augusto Marietto Gonçalves ◽  
Edna Tereza Lima Lima ◽  
Tais Cremasco Donato ◽  
Ticiane Sousa Rocha ◽  
Luis Emiliano Cisneros Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Bacteriophage P22 ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Combined Use

<span style="line-height: 150%;" lang="EN-US">It has been reported that the phage therapy is effective in controlling the number of colony-forming unit (CFU) of <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Salmonella</em> spp. in chicken gut. This paper describes the protective effect of phage and <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lactobacilli</em> administration on <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Salmonella</em> infection in 1-day-old chicks. We administered the bacteriophage P22 in a single dose and a probiotic mixture of four species of bacteriocin-producing <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lactobacillus</em> once a day for one week. Samples were analyzed every 48 hours, and intestinal eradication of <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S.</em> Typhimurium was confirmed after treatments. We observed an increase in the size of duodenal villi and cecal crypts, as well as an increase in body weight in groups that received daily doses of <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lactobacilli</em>. </span><span style="line-height: 150%;" lang="EN-US">This study confirms the efficiency of bacteriophage therapy in controlling salmonellosis in chicks and the beneficial effect of <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lactobacilli</em> mixtures in the weight gain of the birds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>

Comparison of fluconazole and amphotericin B in prophylaxis of experimental Candida endocarditis caused by non-C. albicans strains.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Bayer ◽  
M D Witt ◽  
E Kim ◽  
M A Ghannoum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Prophylactic Efficacy ◽  
Endocarditis Prophylaxis ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Candida Strain ◽  
Fungistatic Agent

Amphotericin B (1 mg/kg of body weight, intravenous) and fluconazole (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) were compared in the prophylaxis of experimental Candida endocarditis caused by drug-susceptible, non-C. albicans strains C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Neither antifungal agent was effective at preventing endocarditis due to either Candida strain when either agent was administered in a single-dose regimen (1 h prior to fungal challenge); the prophylactic efficacy of both agents increased substantially when a second prophylactic dose was given (24 h postchallenge). The excellent prophylactic efficacy of fluconazole, a fungistatic agent, underscores the importance of microbistatic mechanisms in endocarditis prophylaxis.

Carbamazepine Phakmacokinetics in Obese and Lean Subjects

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Caraco ◽  
Ester Zylber-Katz ◽  
Elliot M Berry ◽  
Micha Levy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Group A ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lean Group

Objective: To compare carbamazepine pharmacokinetic parameters between obese and lean subjects following the administration of a single 200-mg tablet. Design: Single-dose intervention, open study. Setting: Teaching university hospital. Subjects: Eighteen obese (group A) otherwise healthy subjects, referred to the metabolic outpatient clinic, and 13 healthy lean (group B) volunteers. Inclusion criterion for the obese subjects was a body mass index (BMI = weight/height2) of more than 30 kg/m2. In the obese group, mean ± SD total body weight (TBW), BMI, and percent of ideal body weight (IBW) were 111.4 ± 19.9 kg, 38.8 ± 6.0 kg/m2, and 182.7% ± 30.7%, respectively. These values were significantly greater than the respective values of 63.2 ± 8.3 kg, 22.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2, and 105.8% ± 5.8% obtained in the lean group (p < 0.001). Intervention: Single-dose oral administration of carbamazepine 200-mg tablet (Teril, Taro, Israel). Outcomes: Carbamazepine elimination half-life (t1/2), apparent volume of distribution (Varea/F), and its oral clearance (Clpo/F) were derived from the drug concentration-time curves. Results: Carbamazepine Varea/F and t1/2 were significantly greater in group A than in group B (98.4 ± 26.9 vs. 60.7 ± 8.5 L, respectively, p < 0.001; and 59.4 ± 14.7 vs. 31.0 ± 5.0 h, respectively, p < 0.001), but its Clpo/F was reduced only slightly in obese as compared with lean subjects (19.8 ± 5.2 vs. 23.0 ± 4.6 mL/min, respectively, p = 0.07). Correction for IBW yielded similar results for Varea/F and t1/2, but Clpo/F per kg of IBW was significantly smaller in the obese than in the lean subjects (0.32 ± 0.07 vs. 0.39 ± 0.06 mL/min/kg of IBW, respectively, p < 0.02). Linear correlations were observed between Varea/F and TBW for both group A (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) and group B (r = 0.77, p < 0.002). Conclusions: In comparison with lean subjects, carbamazepine Varea/F is significantly greater in obese subjects and its t1/2 is markedly prolonged. The minor nonsignificant effect of obesity on carbamazepine Clpo/F suggests that in obese subjects the carbamazepine daily dose should be based on IBW, not on TBW.

scholarly journals Spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by Palicourea aeneofusca in the region of Pernambuco and induction of conditioned food aversion

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Bezerra de Brito ◽  
Raquel Feitosa Albuquerque ◽  
Brena Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Samuel Salgado Albuquerque ◽  
Stephen Tomas Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Conditioned Food Aversion

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of Palicourea aeneofusca poisoning in cattle in the region of Pernambuco, Brazil and to determine if it is possible to induce food aversion by P. aeneofusca poisoning in cattle raised under extensive management conditions. To determine the occurrence of poisoning, 30 properties were visited in five municipalities of the region of Pernambuco. Three outbreaks of poisoning of cattle were monitored. To induce conditioned food aversion by the consumption of P. aeneofusca, 12 animals were randomly distributed into two groups of six animals each. Cattle were weighed and received green P. aeneofusca leaves in their trough at a dose of 35mg kg-1 body weight for spontaneous consumption. The control group (CG) animals received water (1ml kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube after the first ingestion of the plant, while the other animals, constituting the aversion test group (ATG), underwent induced aversion with lithium chloride (LiCl - 175mg kg-1 body weight) via a feeding tube. For the ATG cattle, the aversion to P. aeneofusca induced by a single dose of LiCl persisted for 12 months. In contrast, the CG animals continued to consume the plant in all tests performed, indicating the absence of aversion. This study showed that aversive conditioning using LiCl was effective in preventing poisoning by P. aeneofusca for a period of at least 12 months.

In Vivo Effect of Heparin on Acid and Alkaline Ribonuclease Activities of Mouse Liver

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaston De Lamirande ◽  
George Weber ◽  
Antonio Cantero
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Alkaline Ribonuclease ◽  
Blood Coagulability

A single dose of 30 µg/gm body weight of depo-heparin was injected subcutaneously into white Swiss mice. At 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours after the injection, the blood coagulation time was measured and the activity of acid and alkaline ribonuclease of liver was determined. This single injection of depo-heparin significantly inhibited the acid and alkaline ribonucleases of liver 1 hour after injection. The enzymatic activities significantly increased after the blood coagulability was restored. The in vivo inhibition of acid and alkaline ribonuclease activity supports the explanation that the accumulation of ribonucleic acid in cells of tissue culture in the presence of heparin might be due to the inhibition of ribonuclease.

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