scholarly journals Malignant tumors in children with neurofibromatosis Type 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-429
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mikhailova ◽  
Valentina Kozlova ◽  
Tatiana Kazubskay ◽  
Elena Sharapova ◽  
Mariia Iurchenko ◽  
...  

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is the monogenic inherited syndrome with established variability of clinical manifestations and the predisposition to the development of malignant tumors. Studying NF1 association with different types of cancers in children is necessary to understand the risk of their occurrence and the prognosis of the disease as well as subsequent studies of this predisposition. Aim. Analysis the clinical data of patients with NF1 and malignant and benign tumors arisen in them. Methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 19 patients from 0 to 18 years old with a malignant tumor, carried out in N.N. Blokhin NMRCO from 1997 to 2018. Results. The clinical signs of NF1 showed an age-dependent timing of their onset. Embryonal tumors were the most common and occurred in 11 out of 19 patients (57.9%), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma predominated (42.1%), more often affecting the urogenital tract. Familial NF1 was found in 31.6% of patients. NF1 disease of the parents of these children (in four mothers and two fathers) was limited to pigmented skin lesions and multiple neurofibromas. Genetic testing of NF1 gene in three families of children with embryonal tumors revealed 2 de novo mutations — p.V2635FS & p.W1314X and one inherited from father to son (p.2363_2365del). Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors developed in 15.8% of patients by puberty. Soft tissue sarcomas and hematopoietic tumors occurred in 10.5% of patients, respectively. Melanoma was found in one patient (5.3%). Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to supplement the diapason of types of malignant tumors in children associated with NF1 and the possibility of their use in clinical practice for a more rational and targeted observation for patients. Further study of the molecular genetics and clinical aspects of NF1 is necessary for the development of promising therapies for NF1.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10049-10049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Combemale ◽  
Thomas Mognetti ◽  
Laurence Allanore ◽  
Benoit Bensaid ◽  
Fransesco Giammarile ◽  
...  

10049 Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are difficult to detect in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) individuals. The 18F FDG positron emission tomoscintigraphy (FDG PET) is a useful tool. The Standard Uptake Value (SUV) is the gold standard but it is subject to individual variation among patients and medical centers. So we assessed the interest of FDG PET based on a specific tumor to liver uptake ratio (T/L) instead of SUV to find a reproducible and constant cut-off for detecting malignant tumors. Methods: From 2000 to 2010, we conduct a multi centric study: all patients with NF1 and presenting clinical signs of MPNST suspicion (increased tumor size, induration or pain) underwent a FDG PET. Preliminary study estimated a T/L ratio of 1.5 as cut-off for malignity. Based on semi-quantitative analysis of FDG PET images, patients were compared with this cut-off value. Results: 98 patients with 125 tumors were included. FDG PET evaluation identified 42/125 suspected lesions with T/L > 1.5; among these 30 MPNST and 12 benign lesions were found. 83/125 tumors were classified as non-suspicious and 82 were actually benign according to histology or long term follow up. The 1.5 T/L cut off corresponds to 99 % Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and 71% Positive (PPV). The positive likelihood ratio (LR) was thus equal to 7, 69 and the Negative LR to 0, with 97% sensitivity and 87% specificity. When T/L ratio is < 1.5, MPNST is eliminated with 99% NPV, thus avoiding useless surgery. When T/L ratio is above 1.5, there is a strong suspicion of malignancy. But there is a risk of false positivity, which requires discussion before any therapeutic decision. On the over hand we found no significant correlation between SUVmax and malignancy. Conclusions: This study confirms the FDG PET in the detection of NF1-associated MPNST. The tumor/liver ratio with a cut off 1.5 has a very sensitive and specific value to sort out malignant from benign tumors and thus provides adequate surgery. More this semi-quantitative analysis method is just as easy as SUV, more sensitive and more reproducible.


Author(s):  
А.Р. Зарипова ◽  
Л.Р. Нургалиева ◽  
А.В. Тюрин ◽  
И.Р. Минниахметов ◽  
Р.И. Хусаинова

Проведено исследование гена интерферон индуцированного трансмембранного белка 5 (IFITM5) у 99 пациентов с несовершенным остеогенезом (НО) из 86 неродственных семей. НО - клинически и генетически гетерогенное наследственное заболевание соединительной ткани, основное клиническое проявление которого - множественные переломы, начиная с неонатального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам НО относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушения роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. НО встречается как у мужчин, так и у женщин. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания. На сегодняшний день известно 20 генов, вовлеченных в патогенез НО, и исследователи разных стран продолжают искать новые гены. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные и Х-сцепленные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, которые участвуют в синтезе коллагена I типа, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, которые регулируют дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают НО. Мутации в гене IFITM5, также называемом BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), участвующем в формировании остеобластов, приводят к развитию НО типа V. До 5% пациентов имеют НО типа V, который характеризуется образованием гиперпластического каллуса после переломов, кальцификацией межкостной мембраны предплечья и сетчатым рисунком ламелирования, наблюдаемого при гистологическом исследовании кости. В 2012 г. гетерозиготная мутация (c.-14C> T) в 5’-нетранслируемой области (UTR) гена IFITM5 была идентифицирована как основная причина НО V типа. В представленной работе проведен анализ гена IFITM5 и идентифицирована мутация c.-14C>T, возникшая de novo, у одного пациента с НО, которому впоследствии был установлен V тип заболевания. Также выявлены три известных полиморфных варианта: rs57285449; c.80G>C (p.Gly27Ala) и rs2293745; c.187-45C>T и rs755971385 c.279G>A (p.Thr93=) и один ранее не описанный вариант: c.128G>A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC>AAC (S/D), которые не являются патогенными. В статье уделяется внимание особенностям клинических проявлений НО V типа и рекомендуется определение мутации c.-14C>T в гене IFITM5 при подозрении на данную форму заболевания. A study was made of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 5 gene (IFITM5) in 99 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) from 86 unrelated families and a search for pathogenic gene variants involved in the formation of the disease phenotype. OI is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disease of the connective tissue, the main clinical manifestation of which is multiple fractures, starting from the natal period of life, often leading to disability from childhood. The main clinical signs of OI include blue sclera, hearing loss, anomaly of dentin, increased fragility of bones, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, and renal disorders. OI occurs in both men and women. The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined. To date, 20 genes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of OI, and researchers from different countries continue to search for new genes. In the last decade, it has become known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes encoding proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells cause OI. Mutations in the IFITM5 gene, also called BRIL (bone-restricted IFITM-like protein), involved in the formation of osteoblasts, lead to the development of OI type V. Up to 5% of patients have OI type V, which is characterized by the formation of a hyperplastic callus after fractures, calcification of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, and a mesh lamellar pattern observed during histological examination of the bone. In 2012, a heterozygous mutation (c.-14C> T) in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of the IFITM5 gene was identified as the main cause of OI type V. In the present work, the IFITM5 gene was analyzed and the de novo c.-14C> T mutation was identified in one patient with OI who was subsequently diagnosed with type V of the disease. Three known polymorphic variants were also identified: rs57285449; c.80G> C (p.Gly27Ala) and rs2293745; c.187-45C> T and rs755971385 c.279G> A (p.Thr93 =) and one previously undescribed variant: c.128G> A (p.Ser43Asn) AGC> AAC (S / D), which were not pathogenic. The article focuses on the features of the clinical manifestations of OI type V, and it is recommended to determine the c.-14C> T mutation in the IFITM5 gene if this form of the disease is suspected.


Author(s):  
Khadija S. Tapadar ◽  
Manoj K. Deka ◽  
R. N. Chaubey ◽  
Shah A. Sheikh ◽  
Gargi R. Choudhury ◽  
...  

Background: Soft tissue tumors are defined as mesenchymal proliferations which occur in the extraskeletal non-epithelial tissues of the body, excluding the viscera, coverings of brain and   lymphoreticular system. The objective of this study was to study the histopathological features of soft tissue tumors and to study the occurrence of soft tissue tumors in relation to age, sex and anatomical site.Methods: This study comprised of 89 cases studied over a period of two years. All soft tissue tumors, their gross features, microscopic findings were analysed in detail. Soft tissue tumors were divided into benign and malignant categories and further sub typing were done according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The distribution of soft tissue tumors according to the age, sex and site of occurrence was studied.Results: Out of 89 cases of soft tissue tumors, 76 cases were benign, 4 cases belonged to intermediate category and 9 cases were malignant. Adipocytic tumors formed the largest group constituting 39 cases. Vascular tumors were the second commonest (26 cases) followed by peripheral nerve sheath tumors (11 cases). The benign tumors were seen in younger age as compared to malignant tumors. Malignant soft tissue tumors was seen to be more common in male than female and pleomorphic sarcoma and liposarcoma was commonest (3 cases each).Conclusions: Benign tumors were more common than malignant. The most common benign tumors were lipoma followed by hemangioma and schwannoma. The most common malignant tumor was pleomorphic sarcoma. The benign tumors were seen in younger age as compared to malignant tumors.


2010 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Carlson ◽  
Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic ◽  
Ludwine Messiaen ◽  
Bernd W. Scheithauer ◽  
Brian A. Neff ◽  
...  

Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of benign tumors of the peripheral nervous system and the CNS, including schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. The gene responsible for the development of NF2 acts as a tumor suppressor gene. Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) or single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery has been increasingly used in the past decades to treat benign tumors in patients with NF2. These radiotherapy methods are less invasive and can be potentially used to treat multiple tumors in a single session. The risk of inducing malignancy is unclear. Few reports exist of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, meningiomas, or ependymomas occurring after SRT or stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with NF2. The authors present the first documented case of rhabdomyosarcoma following SRT for multiple NF2-associated schwannomas. Compared with patients with sporadic tumors, NF2 patients having a germline tumor suppressor gene defect may be more prone to secondary malignancies after treatment involving radiation therapy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Meyerholz ◽  
Georgina K. Ofori-Amanfo ◽  
Mariah R. Leidinger ◽  
J. Adam Goeken ◽  
Rajesh Khanna ◽  
...  

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common, cancer-predisposing disease caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor gene. Patients with NF1 have an increased risk for benign and malignant tumors of the nervous system (e.g., neurofibromas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, gliomas) and other tissues (e.g., leukemias, rhabdomyosarcoma, etc.) as well as increased susceptibility to learning disabilities, chronic pain/migraines, hypertension, pigmentary changes, and developmental lesions (e.g., tibial pseudoarthrosis). Pigs are an attractive and upcoming animal model for future NF1 studies, but a potential limitation to porcine model research has been the lack of validated reagents for direct translational study to humans. To address that issue, we used formalin-fixed tissues (human and pigs) to evaluate select immunohistochemical markers (activated caspase-3, allograft inflammatory factor-1, beta-tubulin III, calbindin D, CD13, CD20, desmin, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, glucose transporter-1, laminin, myelin basic protein, myoglobin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, S100, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor). The markers were validated by comparing known expression and localization in human and pig tissues. Validation of these markers on fixed tissues will facilitate prospective immunohistochemical studies of NF1 pigs, as well as other pig models, in a more efficient, reproducible, and translationally relevant manner.


Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia Sur ◽  
Ionel Armat ◽  
Genel Sur ◽  
Diana-Cristina Pop ◽  
Gabriel Samasca ◽  
...  

The three types of neurofibromatosis, namely type 1, type 2, and schwannomatosis, are generally associated with various benign tumors affecting the skin and the nervous system. On rare occasions, especially in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), malignant neoplasms may also be present, several of them possessing a more aggressive course than in individuals without this syndrome. As such, a clear delineation between the three variants of neurofibromatosis is crucial to establish the correct diagnosis and management, as well as predict the neoplasm-related outcomes. Neurofibromin, the principal product of the NF1 gene, is a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation, having been linked to several key signaling pathways involved in tumor growth. Therefore, it may provide a useful therapeutic target for tumor management in these patients. In this article, we want to present the association between deficiency of neurofibromin and the consequences of the lack of this protein leading to different kinds of malignant tumors. The therapy is still uncertain and most therapeutic options are in development or clinical trials.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
E. F. Valiakhmetova ◽  
N. A. Mazerkina ◽  
O. A. Medvedeva ◽  
Y. Y. Trunin ◽  
E. M. Tarasova ◽  
...  

Neurofibromatosis type I (NFI) is one of the most common brain tumor predisposition syndromes. Children with NFI are prone to develop a low grade gliomas, which can be localized in various areas of the brain, however, most of them occur in the structures of the optic pathway: optic nerves, chiasm, tracts and optic radiations – that is, are optic pathway gliomas (OPG). This retrospective study included children with newly diagnosied low grade glioma of the optic pathway at the age from 0 to 18 years with NFI, who underwent medical examination and / or treatment at the Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute from January 1, 2003 till December 31,2015. Atotal from 264 patients 42 (16%) had clinical manifestations of NFI. The ratio of boys and girls was 1:1. The median age was 4.25 years (range 4.5 months – 17 years). Visual disturbances were the most frequent clinical manifestation of the tumor. Surgical resection was performed in 18 patients. The remaining 24 patients OPG were diagnosed based on clinical and radiological findings: 9 patients were in observation group, 11 patients chemotherapy was carried out, three were given radiation therapy, and spontaneous regression of the tumor was recorded in 1 patient. Progression of the disease was observed in 14 patients in our cohort. The overall survival rate in patients with NFI was 98 ± 2% at 5 years. Event free survival rate was 68 ± 7% at 5 years.The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of neurosurgery Ministry of healthcare ofRussian Federation.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document