The Logical and Compositional Organization of the Lecture (Based on a Lecture from M. Mamardashvili’s Course “Lectures on Proust”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Talanina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discourse ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Spatiotemporal Coordination ◽  
Different Levels

Functional and stylistic studies give us an idea of linguistic features of speech products, thus enabling style identification. These specific features become most recognizable when comparing styles. Discourse studies, on the contrary, are mainly focused on understanding and describing basic factors of creating a form of a literary language (style) and factors that determine the characteristics of speech products in individual situations within a socially significant sphere. This article presents an analysis of the logical and compositional organization of the lecture as a genre of academic discourse, taking a university lecture from M. Mamardashvili’s course on M. Proust as an example. The specific nature of the lecture genre in academic discourse is determined by its basic function in the teaching process implemented in direct dialogue with the audience. The research is based on the thesis that a lecture is an event that can be analysed using the concept of chronotope. The use of this concept beyond the analysis of fiction is relevant since spatiotemporal coordination is mandatory for any speech product, regardless of the sphere it is created in or the functions it performs. The main feature of the lecture chronotope is multi-level organization, since a lecture has its own internal spatiotemporal coordinates. The lecture chronotope is explicated at different levels of the text (compositional, lexical and grammatical), which are interconnected. Considering this, two interconnected frameworks of the lecture – structural and semantic – are singled out; they provide the logical and compositional organization of the material, which is important to ensure students’ understanding.

Turnout in Multi-Level Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona N. Golder ◽  
Ignacio Lago ◽  
André Blais ◽  
Elisabeth Gidengil ◽  
Thomas Gschwend
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Level ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
European Elections ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels

Voters face different incentives to turn out to vote in one electoral arena versus another. Although turnout is lowest in European elections, it is found that the turnout is only slightly lower in regional than in national elections. Standard accounts suggest that the importance of an election, in terms of the policy-making power of the body to be elected, drives variation in turnout across elections at different levels. This chapter argues that this is only part of the story, and that voter attachment to a particular level also matters. Not all voters feel connected to each electoral arena in the same way. Although for some, their identity and the issues they most care about are linked to politics at the national level, for others, the regional or European level may offer the political community and political issues that most resonate with them.

Parties, Voters, and Multi-Level Elections

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona N. Golder ◽  
Ignacio Lago ◽  
André Blais ◽  
Elisabeth Gidengil ◽  
Thomas Gschwend
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Party System ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
Electoral Institutions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter argues that individual voting behaviour and the strategies chosen by political parties across multiple electoral arenas should be considered jointly. Existing literature points to the importance of an election as a major driving force in voting behaviour, but it is argued that voters and parties may differ in their assessments of the importance of elections at different levels. The chapter discusses how the effect of the importance of an electoral arena, for both voter and party behaviour, will be conditioned by electoral institutions and characteristics of parties and the party system, in addition to individual voter characteristics contributing to it.

Contradictions of the upcoming period: points for developing the agenda for medium- and long-term perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
D.M. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Object Of Control ◽  
Trade Wars ◽  
New Social Order ◽  
Different Levels

Analysis of the economic and social situation allows for the conclusion that the world is entering an era of global instability and contradictions. There is clearly a crisis of compensatory and basic institutions. Humans cease to be the subjects of the historical process and instead are becoming the object of control. Contradictions are sharply increasing at different levels. We are witnessing the conflict between labor and capital related to the national nature of labor and the global nature of capital. Production, security and regional applied science are changing, but financial and institutional systems remain global. Information and trade wars are intensifying. During a multi-level crisis, it is difficult to predict what a new social order will be like, but the transition to it will be difficult and highly possibly rife with (macro-) regional conflicts.

scholarly journals Towards an interdisciplinary science of the subjective experience of remembering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Simons ◽  
Kaja Julia Mitrenga ◽  
Charles Fernyhough
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Different Levels

Some of the most interesting advances in the study of episodic memory have come from considering different levels of analysis. In this article, we focus on how insights from multiple disciplines can inform understanding of the subjective experience of remembering. For example, we highlight how inspiration from the arts and humanities can generate novel research questions that can elucidate the cognitive and brain mechanisms responsible for what it feels like to remember a previous experience. We also consider how a multi-level perspective can help to address some confusions in the literature, such as between reconsolidation and reconstruction, and how a full understanding of memory requires appreciation of social and cultural factors.

Language of Modern Advertising

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Iryna Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Communication ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Place Names ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Professional Occupation ◽  
Different Levels

Professional language is a universal tool of specialists’ communication. Every professional language has its specificity at different levels. They are terminology, genre features of texts, ethics of professional communication etc. However, none of these languages can be an antagonist of literary language. Violation of the standards of literary language, intellectual imbalance between the advertiser’s IQ and the consumer, the existence of negative connotations and emotions, failure to reach advertiser’s intentions; unsuccessful linguistic design of advertising product, violation of ethics of communication with the client; failed branding; inappropriate neologisms; wrong semantics towards words of foreign origin, famous to place names, onyms, dubious creativity are typical features of language. The specialist in language of advertising (“lingvoreklamist”) is an expert in the language of copywriting. His professional occupation allows not only to make professional re-branding and to find both linguistic and intellectual mistakes in an advertising text, but also to find a name for the company or institution according to their specialty. It means that he work as trouble-shooter in order to make advertising product of high quality.

scholarly journals Passive Voice Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Shpresë Qamili
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
External Development ◽  
Different Levels

It is well known that the differences between the languages and the different levels of relationship between them and the use of the English passive voice in Albanian language are complex achievements of hypotheses given by language thinkers, because the language first of all is a process and processes change from time to time as a result of new language achievements and transformations and as a result of changes in people's worldview. The English and Albanian passive voice do not have a single grammatical structure and that this should be related to numerous legalities that follow the languages in their internal and external development. The studies carried out in terms of linguistic features, even of the passive voice according to the comparative method, have opened new paths to see similarities and differences even in the passive voice structure. This study is intended to give our modest contribution to notice the similarities and differences in the use of the passive voice as well as its structure in both languages. This contrastive analysis tries to facilitate the acquisition of English as a foreign language for students, pupils, to make the translation from English into Albanian and vice versa easier, to provide linguistic information to language researchers. The comparison is supported by the following English novels and their translated versions in Albanian such as: “Oliver Twist” by Charles Dickens and translated by Skënder Luarasi and “Silas Marner” by George Eliot and translated by Ramazan Hysa, where similar as well as different features have been found.

scholarly journals Grammatical Intricacy in EFL Textbooks

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinh To
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
English Textbooks ◽  
Different Levels

Grammatical intricacy is an important concept in charactering complexity of language (Halliday, 2008). However, this concept has not yet been fully investigated in the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language (TEFL), particular in English as a foreign language (EFL) textbooks in higher education. This paper aims to examine grammatical intricacy across textbook levels in a book series used in tertiary education in the Vietnamese context. This is part of a larger research project looking at linguistic complexity of English textbooks in the TEFL setting. The research employed Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the main theoretical framework and Halliday’s method as a measure of grammatical intricacy to look at how this language feature was used in reading comprehension texts in four textbooks at different levels including elementary, pre-intermediate, inter-mediate and upper-intermediate. The findings revealed that grammatical intricacy increased in accordance with the book levels. Particularly, the mean scores of grammatical intricacy showed a gradual increase from the elementary to the intermediate book level; though they were not different significantly and the upper-intermediate textbook did not show the topmost grammatical complexity. These findings suggest that the use of grammatical intricacy in the investigated textbooks was appropriate for EFL learners across levels; however, the use of other linguistic features such as lexical density and nominalisation may potentially impact the use of simple clauses in the textbooks at a higher level. Thus, further investigations are recommended to fully explore the complexity of textbook language.      

Ripensare gli indicatori per le politiche per l’innovazione attraverso il Design-thinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Mauro Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Systemic View

The final chapter contains the proposal to rethink the policies for innovation based on the approach defined Design thinking. Particularly important is the introduction of concepts such as global order parameters, referring to a systemic view of the techno-economic dynamics, and of a complementary methodology, called Agile. Based on the proposed framework, the decision-making space of different actors (private, public) in pursuing objectives at different levels is then analyzed. In this way a multi-level and multi-stakeholder decision making process can be enriched through a multiplicity of indicators in order to timely verify the efficiency of implementation process.

Explaining the visibility of EU citizens: a multi-level analysis of European Union news

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Walter
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
The Eu

This article analyses the visibility of European Union (EU) citizens in EU news during the 2009 European Parliament election. It argues that the presence of EU citizens in EU news is vital for responsiveness of European governance. First, the theoretical notion of EU citizens is considered. Next, a new way of defining EU citizens is proposed: EU citizens are divided into national and supranational EU citizens. The visibility of EU citizens in EU news of 27 EU member states is analysed aiming to explain cross-country differences. The paper is based on a large-scale content analysis of TV and newspaper articles gathered during the 2009 European Parliament election. To explain different levels of visibility, a multi-level analysis is carried out. The results suggest that EU citizens are visible in the EU news, yet, their presence strongly varies across countries. The findings indicate that explanations for different levels of visibility can be found at both the media and country level.

Stimulating learning by empowering leadership

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1168-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingze Li ◽  
Pengcheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Team Learning ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the theoretical and practical calls for an examination of the multi-level effects of empowering leadership on creativity. In addition, it attempts to link empowering leadership to creativity from the perspective of information processing, which is different from traditional mechanisms of psychology. Design/methodology/approach Based on the perspective of information processing, the authors tested how and why different levels of empowering leadership may relate to team and individual creativity. Multi-source data were collected from 62 team leaders and 295 team members. Statistical methods, such as the hierarchical linear model, hierarchical regression analysis, and bootstrapping tests, were used to analyze the data. Findings The results show that team and individual learning mediate the effects of empowering leadership on creativity at the team and individual levels. Interestingly, the authors also found that team learning negatively moderates the indirect and positive effect of individual empowering leadership on individual creativity. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this study is that the authors used cross-section data instead of longitudinal data to analyze the causal relationship. As such, the results may not truly reveal the causality. Practical implications The findings indicate that empowering leadership is important for stimulating both individual and team learning; thus, it benefits different levels of creativity. In addition, the results also suggest that there are interplay between different level mechanisms, and empowering team leader should trade-off individual and team learning effects in order to promote both team and individual creativity effectively. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by providing a multi-level and cross-level analysis of empowering leadership and creativity. It clarifies how empowering leadership stimulates individual and team creativity at different levels simultaneously.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document