scholarly journals “A Part of Speech” by Joseph Brodsky: Bilingualism as a Creative Method in Poetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
National Language ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Joseph Brodsky ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
General Complication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Distance

This article is an attempt of textological conceptualization of an interlingual transfer (doubling) of a literary text. This transfer, in case it has been done by the author him/herself, is traditionally called self-translation, yet it can also by qualified as an adaptation of the “old” text to the perceptive abilities of the “new” recipient, i.e. a collective reader representing a different national and cultural medium and bearing its values as a prevalent aesthetic waymark. Special importance in the above process is attached to such a significant feature of any literary text of high quality as its elasticity. The textological approach to the scientific understanding of the differentlanguage text binary is often complemented by the bilinguological categorization of the subject, i.e. a text of poetry and, at the same time, a poetic cycle. From this standpoint, the mode of primary/secondary character of the two interconnected texts might lose its substantial preciseness. Further on, the article scrutinizes a landmark (for the Russian culture) literary text and its self-translation: the poetic cycle “A Part of Speech” by Joseph Brodsky. Four conceptual dominants of the cycle, with regard to their axiological hierarchy, are distinguished: 1) space/distance – location – oblivion; 2) time (epoch) – history – event – oblivion; 3) love – breakup – oblivion; 4) speech – art – extension – immortality. Further, a comparative analysis of their different-language verbalization is carried out. It is stated that Brodsky’s creation of this bilingual cycle reflects his striving for a cultural adaptation of each version to the background knowledge, historical experience, principles, traditions, aesthetic attitudes and, generally, sentiments of different groups of readers. In some cases this is done by means of the national language only, in other cases by the general complication of the poems’ figurative fabric.

POETIC FEATURES OF THE LITERARY TEXT

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
G. Mukhamejanova ◽  
◽  
A. Mukhamejanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Study Development

Currently, due to linguistic personalities associated with culture, language, national existence, especially with literature, various aspects and aspects of linguistics are revealed in the development of literature in linguistics and linguoculturology. From this point of view, linguistics, first of all, reveals the essence of linguistic poetics, determines the degree of its residence in the language, literature, reveals the subject of study, development, teaching, and connections with other branches of science. This article examines the phonetic micropoetics of the language of a work of art, and also analyzes the nature of phonetic phenomena used in a work of art, using specific examples.

TAX GAP AS A CONSEQUENCE OF UNPAID TAX LI-ABILITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
RADAN KOSTIĆ ◽  
MILAN MIHAJLOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
The Subject

Tax evasion and grey economy are present in all countries. It’s es-timated that grey economy in developed EU countries is at around 10-15% of GDP, while it amounts to over 30% of GDP in Serbia. Therefore the subject of this paper is determining basic goals of Serbia’s tax policy, i.e. combating grey economy that complicates efficient resource allocation and slows down economic development, because economic subjects that are prone to tax evasion represent disloyal competi-tion to economic subjects that do business legally. In order to fight tax evasion, or-ganization and work of tax administration are of special importance.

LYKOPHRON AND EPIGRAPHY: THE VALUE AND FUNCTION OF CULT EPITHETS IN THEALEXANDRA

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hornblower
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Religion ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function

The subject of this paper is a striking and unavoidable feature of theAlexandra: Lykophron's habit of referring to single gods not by their usual names, but by multiple lists of epithets piled up in asyndeton. This phenomenon first occurs early in the 1474-line poem, and this occurrence will serve as an illustration. At 152–3, Demeter has five descriptors in a row: Ἐνναία ποτὲ | Ἕρκυνν' Ἐρινὺς Θουρία Ξιφηφόρος, ‘Ennaian … Herkynna, Erinys, Thouria, Sword-bearing’. In the footnote I give the probable explanations of these epithets. Although in this sample the explanations to most of the epithets are not to be found in inscriptions, my main aim in what follows will be to emphasize the relevance of epigraphy to the unravelling of some of the famous obscurity of Lykophron. In this paper, I ask why the poet accumulates divine epithets in this special way. I also ask whether the information provided by the ancient scholiasts, about the local origin of the epithets, is of good quality and of value to the historian of religion. This will mean checking some of that information against the evidence of inscriptions, beginning with Linear B. It will be argued that it stands up very well to such a check. TheAlexandrahas enjoyed remarkable recent vogue, but this attention has come mainly from the literary side. Historians, in particular historians of religion, and students of myths relating to colonial identity, have been much less ready to exploit the intricate detail of the poem, although it has so much to offer in these respects. The present article is, then, intended primarily as a contribution to the elucidation of a difficult literary text, and to the history of ancient Greek religion. Despite the article's main title, there will, as the subtitle is intended to make clear, be no attempt to gather and assess all the many passages in Lykophron to which inscriptions are relevant. There will, for example, be no discussion of 1141–74 and the early Hellenistic ‘Lokrian Maidens inscription’ (IG9.12706); or of the light thrown on 599 by the inscribed potsherds carrying dedications to Diomedes, recently found on the tiny island of Palagruza in the Adriatic, and beginning as early as the fifth centuryb.c.(SEG48.692bis–694); or of 733–4 and their relation to the fifth-centuryb.c.Athenian decree (n. 127) mentioning Diotimos, the general who founded a torch race at Naples, according to Lykophron; or of 570–85 and the epigraphically attested Archegesion or cult building of Anios on Delos, which shows that this strange founder king with three magical daughters was a figure of historical cult as well as of myth.

Anglo-Australians’ and Immigrants’ Attitudes toward Language and Accent: A Review of Experimental and Survey Research

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Callan ◽  
Cynthia Gallois
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
National Language ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
Ethnic Language

Research on the language attitudes of members of dominant and minority speech communities has special importance in countries such as Australia, where governments are in the process of developing a national language policy. Research in Australia suggests that Anglo-Australians remain strongly monolingual and Anglophile in their attitudes; they support educational programs on other languages mainly for their children's own educational advantage. In addition, they show preference in most situations for standard or prestige varieties of English. Second generation members of immigrant groups are under strong pressure to assimilate and to abandon their community languages. Opportunities to learn and use community language are somewhat restricted. In addition, young, second generation Australians may in some cases have even more negative attitudes toward nonstandard accents in English then do Anglo-Australians although they may value their own ethnic language as a signal of solidarity with their ethnic community.

THE PATIENT’S WILL TO MEDICAL INTERVENTION – PRO FUTURO STATEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (XVIII) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Edyta Przybyłek ◽  
Anna Rej-Kietla ◽  
Sandra Kryska ◽  
Dariusz Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Patient’S Will

A patient’s will statement is a document of special importance. In accordance with the provision included in the pro futuro statement, the patient declares that in certain situations in the future he does not want any or specific medical interventions to be taken against him.The purpose of this article is to present the subject of the pro futuro statement with the indication of the problems related to the use of this statement. The issue of a patient’s will statement regarding medical intervention will be analyzed based on available Polish and international legislation related to this issue and the analysis of specialized literature in this area.

Characteristic Properties of Rubber at Low Temperatures. A Discussion of the Stress-Strain Curves of Vulcanized Rubber at Low Temperatures

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Toramatsu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
External Heat ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract The hardening of rubber at low temperatures is one of the well-known physical characteristics of rubber. The loss of elasticity of raw rubber by hardening at 0° to 10° C., its turning to the consistency of glass, and its fragility at −19° C. when cooled with liquid air, and its fibering when stretched to 60–70 per cent previous to breaking, give an experimental proof of the theory of the structure of rubber molecules. Vulcanization makes raw rubber physically less sensitive to heat and to low temperatures, and is of great significance, because it enables vulcanized rubber to be used around −30° C. without losing its elasticity. The effect of external heat on the physical properties, especially on the stress-strain relations, of vulcanized rubber has been discussed mainly for temperatures from −10° to +100° C., and only two papers deal with temperatures from −30° to −60° or −70° C. (cf. Le Blanc and Kröger, Kolloid Z., 37, 205 (1925); Tener, Kingsbury and Holt, Bureau of Standards Technologic Papers Vol. 22, No. 364). Of special importance are a means of recognizing changes m the physical properties (phenomenon of freezing-hard ness) of vulcanized rubber at −30° to −60° or −70° C., and the practical value of such information. Though there is a contradiction in the fundamental meaning of the “cold resistant theory” of rubber, investigations of the two phases of the subject may throw some light on practical problems and widen the scientific point of view.

Aristotle's Use of Medicine as Model of Method in his Ethics

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Source Of Information

Philosophy, in general, moves in a sphere of abstraction, and its statements claim to be necessary and of universal validity. The reader therefore expects them to appeal directly to his reason, and he does not normally reflect much on the time and historical conditions that determined what the philosopher took for granted. It is only in this age of historical consciousness that we have come to appreciate these factors more readily, and the great thinkers of the past appear to us more or less closely related to the culture of their age. The writings of Plato and Aristotle in particular are for us an inexhaustible source of information about Greek society and civilisation. This is true also in regard to the relation of Greek philosophy to the science of its time, and this is of special importance for our understanding. That relation can be traced throughout Aristotle's logical, physical, and metaphysical works; but the influence of other sciences and arts is no less evident in his ethics. In this paper I propose to examine the numerous references to medicine that occur in the Nicomachean Ethics. They are mostly concerned with the question of the best method of treating this subject. The problem of the right method is always of the utmost importance for Aristotle. The discussion of it begins on the first page of the Ethics, where he tries to give a definition of the subject of this course of lectures and attributes it to a philosophical discipline that he calls ‘politics’. He does so in agreement with the Platonic tradition. We can trace it back to one of the dialogues of Plato's first period, the Gorgias, in which the Platonic Socrates for the first time pronounces his postulate of a new kind of philosophy, the object of which ought to be the care of the human soul (φυχῆς θεραπεία). He assigns this supreme task to ‘political art’, even though it does not fulfil this function at present.

scholarly journals Varför forskarutbildning?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dellgran ◽  
Staffan Höjer
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Professional Practitioners ◽  
Doctoral Programmes

Why doctoral education? Motivational factors and aspirations among nurses, teach- ers and social workers A significant feature of our knowledge-based society is the gradual academization and professionalization of a growing numbers of occupations. In Sweden, as in other countries, this academization has in several cases led to the establishment of profession-based university disciplines, with professors and PhD programmes, in order to develop and reinforce a scienti c base for profes- sional practice and education. A crucial element in this process is that professional practitioners are expected to seek admission to these doctoral programmes, and thereby choose a career as a researcher, and in varying degrees become involved in the continued development of scientific knowledge within their discipline. This article is based on a survey with 749 respondents and the aim is to examine and compare motives and aspirations among nurses, teachers and social workers to undertake doctoral educa- tion. Over 90 per cent of the respondents have stayed in academia as teachers and researchers after their PhD. e results show that multiple motives are normal but that desire for personal growth and personal challenge dominates declared motives in all groups. However, social workers more often stresses political aspirations, while nurses and teachers more often highlight professional and practice-oriented motivation. Furthermore, motives also have some impact on the subject of the dissertation. Studies on patients and professional practice and methods are, for instance, more common among nurses compared to social workers, where research more frequently deals with organizations, social problems and social policy issues. Finally, some implications for research policy, and the continual debate about the gap between research and professional practice, are discussed.

scholarly journals Tecnologia, ciência e o papel da educação: a ponderação da crítica de Theodor W. Adorno

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Monteiro Chaves ◽  
Gomercindo Ghiggi
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Consideration

Resumo: Considerando o avanço das tecnologias bem como o binômio indissociável formado por ela e pela ciência – e consequentemente atrelados à educação –, configurando práticas enraizadas culturalmente na sociedade atual, o presente artigo traz como objetivo central discutir a relação da técnica (tékhné) com a concepção de homem que se quer formar, à luz das críticas adornianas. Ponderando o imperativo de subverter a ideologia utilitarista da educação, tal reflexão se justifica pela necessidade de compreensão do papel do educador, bem como da instituição escolar, mediante tal avanço nos últimos tempos. Concluindo que esta relação não pode suceder de maneira alienada, acrítica e indiferente, pois uma educação após Auschwitz deve certamente estar receptiva à relevância essencial da tecnologia em um mundo contemporâneo. No entanto, não é o sujeito que está a serviço dela e sim a relação contrária, em que o educando possa valer-se dos recursos tecnológicos como mais uma dimensão do agir humano. Como potente braço prolongado do operari humano, pensada como acontecimento paradigmático na história do ser. Palavras-chave: Theodor Adorno; tecnologia; educação; professor. TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE AND THE ROLE OF EDUCATION: A CRITICAL CONSIDERATION OF THEODOR W. ADORNO Abstract: Considering the advancement of technologies as well as the inseparable duo formed by her and science - and thus tied to education - setting culturally rooted practices in today's society, this paper aims at discussing the relationship of technique (tékhné) with the concept of man constructed in the light of adornian criticism. Given the imperative to subvert the utilitarian ideology of education. Such reflection is justified by the necessity of understanding the role of the educator as well as the school, by this advance in recent times. Concluding that this relationship can not succeed in an alienated, uncritical and indifferent way, since an education after Auschwitz should certainly be receptive to the special importance of technology in a contemporary world. However, it is not the subject who is in her service, but the opposite relationship, in which the student can make use of technological resources as another dimension of human action. A powerful extended arm of human operari, thought as paradigmatic event in the history of being. Keywords: Theodor Adorno; technology; education; teacher.  

scholarly journals The Topos of Childhood in the Poetry of Moses Rosenkranz

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Tetiana Lakusta
Keyword(s):  
Special Importance ◽  
Literary Space ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Childhood Home ◽  
Adult World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Work

The subject of this article is to study the literary space of childhood in the lyrical works of Moses Rosenkranz. The poems “Geburtspunkt” (“Birthplace”), “Meine Dörfer” (“My Villages”), “Auf der Weide” (“In the Pasture”), “Erinnerung” (“Memory”), “Nachts am Fenster” (“At Night by the Window”), “Der Bach” (“Stream”), “Die Liebe im Dorf” (“Village Love”), “Sonntag” (“Sunday”), “Tiefer Zug” (“Deep Mark”) from collection “Bukowina. Gedichte 1920–1997” have become the basis for the study of images and motifs traditionally associated with childhood – home, parents, garden, village, the theme of memory, motif of the lost paradise and ways of their literary actualization. The article attempts to determine the features of the topos of childhood in the lyrics of Moses Rosenkranz: the insecurity of the childhood from the destructive power of the adult world, the special importance of the theme of the lost paradise, which exposes the conflict of the adult and child worlds, the idyllic chronotope traditionally associated with the theme of childhood. In the course of this study, it has been found that Bukovinian images and motifs are key in the poetic work of Moses Rosenkranz. The land where he was born and spent his childhood and youth is portrayed by the author in his lyrical works with particular warmth and tenderness. Even being far from Bukovina, the author did not forget his country and imprinted his image in poems. The space of Rosenkranz's childhood is full of idyll and harmony, though he had been impressed by the brutality of the adult world in the childhood. Moses Rosenkranz's favorite character is a simple peasant with his traditions, misfortunes and hopes.

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