scholarly journals Terms of Forced Return and Expulsion of Foreigners and Stateless Persons by Bodies of the Border Guard Service in a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Nadia DEMCHYK ◽  
Ruslan HRYNKO

The article examines the doctrinal approaches to determining the legal nature of the terms of forced return and expulsion of foreigners and stateless persons by bodies of the border guard service. The analysis of domestic and foreign scientific views on time measurement in administrative proceedings has been carried out. The rules of the American and European system of termination of illegal stay of third-country nationals in connection with immigration detention, which is distinguished by its purpose and duration. The place of administrative deportation in the system of migration measures under Russian law is explained by the fact that it is an administrative punishment of foreign citizens and stateless persons who are subject to detention and are kept in specially designated premises. The peculiarities of temporal regulation and its significance in the application of coercive measures aimed at the return of a migrant in the context of the global spread of coronavirus infection are clarified. The allocation of material and procedural terms within the framework of which the state border guards exercise the powers of forced return and expulsion from the territory of Ukraine is reasoned. The focus on achieving the migration result reflects the material content of the terms allotted for departure and / or ensuring the departure of an illegal migrant from the country. The material expulsion terms are also associated with detention, which is applied according to the rules of administrative proceedings and is characterized by a significant duration, especially in a pandemic. The appointment of procedural terms is justified on the basis of the current norms of administrative-procedural legislation and is associated with the performance of the procedural actions necessary to be applied to the court and the phasing of administrative-jurisdictional proceedings. During the quarantine it is allowed to review the procedural terms in contrast to the material ones. Among the prospects of elaboration of the chosen topic, a comprehensive study of the normative regulation of time characteristics of immigration detention in accordance with the new administrative legislation and the return of foreigners (stateless persons) detected during their crossing the state border and entering the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine is proposed.

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
V. A. Nikulina

The prototype of the modern institution of limitation periods for criminal prosecution appears in old Russian law. The crime under it is of a private legal nature (offense), and the main punishment is revenge on the offender. The nascent state power requires limiting revenge, which is destructive in nature, although it continues to act as a natural reaction to deviant behavior. One of these restrictions is the establishment of a certain period during which it was allowed to take revenge with impunity. In different legal systems, this period is designated differently. In old Russian law, which was influenced by Byzantine legal practice, there was a demand for the legality of revenge only in case of immediate implementation, which brings it closer to the institution of necessary defense. This also shows the beginnings of the modern institution of limitation periods, since revenge at that time satisfied the goals of punishment. The analysis of the norms of Russkaya Pravda [Russian Justice] in comparison with the norms of ancient German law is a confirmation of this. In addition, the establishment of limitation periods in old Russian law in some cases had procedural prerequisites, which are also characteristic of the modern institution of limitation periods. Nevertheless, long-standing oblivion did not receive its further development in old Russian law. The most popular institution was monetary compensation, which not only effectively replaced revenge, but also provided an economic platform for the emerging state apparatus. In such circumstances, it was economically unprofitable to limit the payment of ransom as the main type of punishment for that period of time, and first of all directly to the state in the person of the princely power. Thus, in its historical development, the institution of limitation periods for criminal prosecution at the stage of old Russian law acquires its identity and significance only when comparing and disclosing those tasks that were solved by the state in this particular period of time by applying punishment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Mariia HORDIICHUK ◽  
Nadiia KOTENKO

Introduction. Correctional labor is one of the established measures of administrative coercion at the legislative level. Their introduction was facilitated by the development and improvement of the administrative law of the Ukrainian SSR with the aim of the qualitative implementation of the jurisdictional activities of the state. At the same time, in science, the issue of the institution of correctional labor remains controversial and controversial. This is due to the fact that the need for the existence of this institution is being criticized due to: first, the need for modern administrative law in this institution; second, the compliance of correctional labor with the goals of administrative punishment; third, the progressive development of administrative legislation. The purpose of the paper is in the study of correctional labor as one of the types of administrative penalties and the determination of further prospects for their application. Results. Correctional labor is an administrative penalty that is applied exclusively by the court to the offender, and which consists in imposing on him the obligation to be involved in work at the main place of work, for a certain period, with the deduction of a part of the wages in favor of the state. Studying the legal nature of corrective labor as a type of administrative punishment, as well as the problems of their implementation, it is concluded that this type of punishment is a relic of the Soviet era, when one of the ways to reeducate the offender was an established team, its labor activity and public reprimand within the labor collective. Conclusion. The system of administrative penalties, enshrined in Art. 24 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine should be optimized. We propose: firstly, this type of administrative penalty, as correctional labor, should be excluded from Ukrainian legislation; secondly, instead of corrective labor, it is advisable to establish the possibility of assigning community service for committed administrative offenses.


Author(s):  
И. В. Панова

В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы института административной ответственности. Устанавливается, что в своём историческом развитии данный институт прошёл в России несколько этапов, в каждом из которых выявляется и анализируется существование различной системы мер административной ответственности, а также механизма их назначения и применения. Раскрываются также характерные черты и отличия административной ответственности от иных разновидностей юридической ответственности, её определения и их динамика в историческом плане. Обосновывается вывод об отсутствии в рассматриваемом генезисе общих подходов к вопросам как правового регулирования, так и реализации административной ответственности, об отсутствии институционального единства в целом. Вместе с тем особо детерминируется и подчёркивается развитие административного судопроизводства. В рамках рассмотрения современного этапа развития института административной ответственности акцентируется внимание на вопросах, главным образом, применения административно-деликтного законодательства судами общей юрисдикции и арбитражными судами, предлагаются способы их решения. К поднятым авторами проблемам относятся, в частности, вопросы определения и квалификации малозначительности и длящихся административных правонарушений, вины юридического лица, статуса законного представителя юридического лица в производстве по делам об административных правонарушениях, а также проблема привлечения к административной ответственности публичных органов исполнительной власти. Отдельному анализу подвергаются проблемы отсутствия на законодательном уровне определения административной ответственности и системности в федеральном сегменте административно-деликтного законодательства, предлагаются в связи с этим поправки в Кодекс Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях. В части недостатков административно-наказательной политики государства отмечается наличие проблемы назначения административного наказания ниже низшего предела и отсутствие должной согласованности в размерах административных штрафов. К недостаткам главного административно-деликтного закона России, подробно рассматриваемым в статье, относятся также отсутствие положений, определяющих порядок обжалования наложенных мер пресечения, и проблема возможности обжалования, в принципе, промежуточных процессуальных актов административной ответственности. Особое внимание уделяется проблеме подведомственности (подсудности) рассмотрения дел о привлечении к административной ответственности и порядка их пересмотра. Помимо частных предложений законодательного характера статья содержит авторскую концепцию совершенствования развития законодательства об административной ответственности по нескольким направлениям, включая процедуру назначения и применения административных наказаний. The article considers topical problems of the institution of administrative responsibility. The authors state that in its historical development this institution has passed several stages in Russia. The existence of different systems of administrative responsibility measures as well as the mechanism of their purpose and application is defined and analyzed at every stage. Characteristic features and differences of administrative responsibilities from other kinds of legal responsibility, its definition and their dynamics in a historical context are disclosed in the article. The research proves the conclusion concerning the absence in the reviewed genesis of common approaches to the issues of legal regulation and implementation of administrative responsibility, the absence of institutional unity as a whole. At the same time, development of administrative proceedings is specially determined and emphasized in the text. In the context of determining the modern stage of the development of the institution of administrative responsibility special attention is paid mainly to the problems of implementing the administrative and tort legislation by courts of general jurisdiction and by courts of arbitration; the ways of solving these problems are also suggested. The problems raised by the authors concern in particular the issues of definition and qualification of insignificance and continuing administrative offense, guilt of a legal entity, status of the legal representative of the legal entity in the proceeding of administrative violations as well as the problem of bringing the state executive bodies to administrative responsibility. A special analysis underwent the problems of the absence, at the legislative level, of the definition of administrative responsibility and consistency in the federal segment of the administrative and tort legislation; amendments to the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative violations are also suggested. As for the drawbacks of administrative and punitive policy of the state the authors point to the problems of imposing administrative punishment which is lower than the lowest limit and the absence of proper conformity in the dimensions of administrative fines. Among the drawbacks of the main administrative and tort law of Russia considered in detail in this paper is the absence of provisions defining the order of appeal of the imposed preventive measures as well as the problem of the possibility of appeal in general, and the problem of interim procedural acts of administrative responsibility. Special atten-tion is paid to the problem of the jurisdiction of cases on bringing to administrative responsibility and the order of their retrial. In addition to the private offers of legislative character, the article presents the authors conception of improving the development of legislation on administrative responsibility in several directions including the procedure and implementation of administrative punishment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-219
Author(s):  
I.S. CHUPRUNOV

The paper provides analysis of the legal nature and the mechanism for exercise of the right of pre-emption (right of first refusal) in respect of execution of a contract taking as an example of right of first refusal to purchase a stake in a non-public corporation, and also examines the boundaries of parties’ autonomy and freedom of contract in this area. The author comes to the conclusion that the key elements of the construction of the right of pre-emption are the transformation powers that belong to the right holder. The author also demonstrates that, notwithstanding their dominance in Russian law, the views, which suggest that exercise of the right of pre-emption leads to “transfer of rights and obligations of a purchaser” (the translative theory), should be rejected. These views must be replaced with the constitutive theory, according to which exercise of the right of pre-emption results in a new contract between the right holder and the seller (as a general rule, on the same terms that were agreed between the seller and the purchaser).


2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. K. Sabirova

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of administrative proceedings instituted for violations of fire safety requirements, including important changes made in the relevant area of the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of the legislative possibility of applying administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of activities for non-compliance with the requirements of the federal state firefighters oversight (including named changes).


Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
R. V. Tkachenko

The paper is devoted to the examination of issues related to the increasing importance of budgetary regulation for the proper functioning of a modern innovative society. The key role of the budgetary regulation in the financial process of the State is particularly acute in the context of systemic crises that include socio-economic consequences caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia. In the course of the study, the features of changes in the state financial policy caused by the above-mentioned crisis phenomena are highlighted. The paper describes various approaches to the interpretation of the budgetary regulation as a category of financial law, explores various types and legal forms of methods of the budgetary regulation, analyses mechanisms and the impact of the State on the budget system through the existing legal structure of the budgetary regulation. It is determined that the rules of financial law governing the whole complex of public relations concerning the distribution and redistribution of the national product between the levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation constitute the institution of financial law, namely: the budgetary regulation. The author concludes that the approach based on the concentration of basic powers in the financial field at the federal level significantly slows down the dynamics of development of economic activity in the majority of regions of Russia, while the need for breakthrough innovative development of Russian society determinates the expansion of long-term tax sources of income for regional budgets. In this regard, it is proposed to consolidate additional regulation for revenues gained by regional and local budgets in the form of targeted deductions from federal taxes on a long-term basis.


Author(s):  
Andrii Moisiiakha ◽  

The article is devoted to the problems of finding ways to improve the mechanisms of implementation of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere. The purpose of this article is to identify areas for improvement of mechanisms for implementing public policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere, taking into account the needs of their unification within a single approach to the organization of social processes in the analyzed area. Achieving this goal has provided solutions to more practical problems: the development of goals, objectives, areas of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere, as well as organizational and legal support for its implementation. All this together will allow to introduce quite detailed algorithms and tools for managing the socio-humanitarian development of Ukraine and to quickly and effectively overcome the negative risks that arise in it. The content, essence and state-legal nature of mechanisms of public administration, as a set of ways and tools of practical realization of state policy are revealed. The analysis of modern approaches to understanding the essence of mechanisms of public administration is carried out. The author's definition of the mechanism of public administration in the socio-humanitarian sphere is offered. The content and essence of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere are revealed. The conclusion concerning the basic determinants and features of its development is made. Approaches to the formation of mechanisms for the implementation of state policy in the socio-humanitarian sphere are generalized. The need to further unify approaches to the implementation of such public policy in different sectors of the socio-humanitarian sphere has been proved. The main directions of improvement of mechanisms of its realization are allocated. The mechanism of state policy implementation in the socio-humanitarian sphere is defined as a set of nonlinear sets of tools and methods of state influence, which is implemented through appropriate management decisions (a set of measures as components of state policy) to develop the rights and interests of citizens and practical implementation. guarantees of the state in the fields of education, health care, social security, as well as others covered by the humanitarian mission of the state and able to influence the formation of productive forces, human, intellectual and social capital in society.


2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Auwais Rafudeen

This paper examines a South African debate on legislating Muslim marriages in the light of anthropologist Talal Asad’s critique developed in his Formations of the Secular (2003). It probes aspects of the debate under four Asadian themes: (1) the historicity of the secular, secularism, and secularization; (2) the place of power and the new articulations of discourses it creates; (3) the state as the arm of that power; and (4) the interconnections (or dislocations) among law, ethics, and the organic environment (habitus). I argue that Asad illumines the debate in the following ways: (1) by providing a deeper historical and philosophical appreciation of its terms of reference, given that the proposed legislation will be subject to South Africa’s secular Bill of Rights and constitution; (2) by requiring us to examine and interrogate the genealogies of such particular hegemonic discourses as human rights, which some participants appear to present as ahistorical and privileged; and (3) by showing, through the concept of habitus, why this debate needs to go beyond its present piecemeal legal nature and develop an appreciation of the organic linkages among the Shari‘ah, morality, community, and self. Yet inevitable nuances are produced when applying Asad’s ideas to the South African context.


Author(s):  
М.Ф. Гареев

В статье рассматривается и обосновывается необходимость возобновления в уголовном праве института конфискации имущества в качестве уголовного наказания. Необходимость его возобновления обусловлена наличием ряда преступных деяний, представляющих угрозу обществу, государству, национальной безопасности Российской Федерации. В настоящее время законодательная регламентация конфискации имущества в качестве иной меры уголовноправового характера, вызванная неопределенностью его сущности, целевых установок и механизма назначения, не выполняет предупредительную задачу, установленную уголовным законодательством. The article discusses and substantiates the need to renew the institution of confiscation of property in criminal law as a criminal punishment. The need to resume it is due to the presence of a number of criminal acts that pose a threat to society, the state, and the national security of the Russian Federation. Currently, the legislative regulation of the confiscation of property as another measure of a criminal-legal nature, caused by the uncertainty of its essence, targets and the mechanism of appointment, does not fulfill the preventive task established by the criminal legislation.


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