СЛОВООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ГНЕЗДА, МАРКИРУЮЩИЕ СОМАТИЗМЫ В РАЗНОСТРУКТУРНЫХ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s):  
Alisa Magomadova

В статье рассматриваются в сравнительном аспекте номинативные единицы русского и чеченского языков, входящие, в корреляционные словообразовательные гнезда с вершинными словами глаз, ухо. Данные соматизмы мало изучены не только со стороны словообразовательных свойств, но и их функциональных значений.The article examines in comparative aspect the nominative units of the Russian and Chechen languages that are included in the correlation word-formation nests with the apices of the eyes, ear. These somatisms are poorly studied not only from the side of derivational properties, but also from their functional meanings.

Author(s):  
Elena Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
Olga Prokhorova ◽  
Igor Chekulay ◽  
◽  
...  

The article deals with cognitive models underlying the process of plant categorization by the speakers. Having analyzed 200 names of herbs and flowers in English, the authors differentiated three cognitive models, which the phytonyms categorization is based on: metaphoric, metonymic and propositional. It is shown that "the codes of culture", or in other words, well-known realia, are used as sources for nomination; on their basis typical cognitive models are formed. Since the names of flowers and herbs in the English language are mostly compound words, the identified cognitive models are described taking into account the action of the cognitive word-formation mechanisms of proverse and reverse. The first mechanism structure of a phytonym presupposes the direct order of compound-word components as a result of the initial word-combination integration. This word building mechanism is typical of the compound structures "adjective / verb + noun". The reversive mechanism represents the inner structure of a phytonym as a result of reverse transformation of the word-combination initial components. This type of mechanism is characteristic of the phytonyms created on the basis of the structures "noun + noun", "noun + ' + noun". The article describes the models of proverse and reverse structuring, which are typical of English phytonyms. The prospects of the research are to study the cognitive models and mechanisms underlying plant nomination in a comparative aspect based on the material of several languages.


Author(s):  
Валентина Юрьевна Кириллова

Данная работа посвящена изучению парных слов, бытующих в языках центральной зоны Волго-Камского языкового союза - чувашском и марийском. Цель исследования - установить общий пласт парных лексических образований в сопоставляемых языках. Материалом исследования послужили списки парных слов, составленные на базе академических лексикографических источников. Работа выполнена в компаративном аспекте. В ее основу положен количественно-качественный подход, позволяющий объективно оценить параметры изучаемого явления. В результате исследования автор делает вывод, что парных слов в чувашском языке более чем в два раза больше, чем в марийском. Такая диспропорция объясняется доминированием в чувашском языке синтаксического способа словообразования в отличие от марийского с его ведущим аффиксальным способом деривации. Автором представлена классификация общего фонда чувашских и марийских парных образований: 1) чувашизмы в марийском языке, отсутствующие в исходном языке;2) чувашизмы в марийском языке, сохраняющиеся в языке-доноре; 3) общие единицы с противоположным расположением компонентов; 4) мариизмы в чувашском языке. В марийском списке парных слов имеются единицы чувашского происхождения, отсутствующие в исходном языке. По этой причине марийский материал может стать новой областью контактологических разысканий, способствующих реконструированию лакунарных аналогичных парных слов в чувашском языке. This work is devoted to the study of paired words that exist in the languages of the central zone of the Volga-Kama language union - Chuvash and Mari. The aim of the research is to establish the common layer of paired lexical formations in the compared languages. The research material was the lists of paired words compiled on the basis of academic lexicographic sources. The work was done in a comparative aspect. It is based on a quantitative and qualitative approach that allows an objective assessment of the parameters of the phenomenon under consideration. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that there are more than two times more paired words in the Chuvash language than in the Mari. This disproportion is due to the dominance of the syntactic way of word formation in the Chuvash language, in contrast to the Mari with its leading affix way of derivation. The author presents the classification of the common fund of the Chuvash and Mari paired formations: 1) Chuvashisms in the Mari language, which are absent in the original language; 2) Chuvashisms in the Mari language, which have been preserved in the donor language; 3) common units with opposite arrangement of components; 4) Mariisms in the Chuvash language. The Mari list of paired words contains the units of Chuvash origin that are absent in the original language. For this reason, the Mari material can become a new area of contactological research, contributing to the reconstruction of similar lacunar paired words in the Chuvash language.


Author(s):  
Синхуа Ван ◽  
Анна Владимировна Курьянович

Введение. В XXI в. все языки мира претерпевают коренные изменения в своем лексическом составе. В связи с необходимостью номинации новых понятий, явлений и предметов в процессе познания и освоения постоянно изменяющегося окружающего мира лексический фонд языков обогащается за счет возникновения новой лексики, среди которой в достаточном количестве присутствуют жаргонные слова. Молодежный жаргон – интереснейший языковой феномен как в русском, так и в китайском языках, практически параллельно развивающийся в двух совершенно разных языковых системах и лингвокультурах. Материал и методы. Анализируются способы пополнения лексического фонда русского и китайского молодежного сленга в сопоставительном аспекте с учетом фактора обусловленности когнитивными механизмами смыслопорождения в рамках жаргонного фрагмента национальной картины мира. Исследование осуществляется на материале словарной картотеки авторов, а также данных лексикографических источников с опорой на методологию контекстологического, сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа, а также словообразовательного моделирования. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлены наиболее продуктивные способы обогащения корпуса молодежной лексики в обоих языках. Это метафоризация, аффиксация, иноязычные заимствования. В то же время, в отличие от русского молодежного жаргона, в китайском языке больший удельный вес и лингвокультурную специфику в образовании новых сленговых единиц обнаруживают такие способы, как аббревиация и гомофония. Китайский молодежный социолект обнаруживает специфику и при адаптации иноязычных заимствований. Данные отличия обусловлены типологическими особенностями китайского языка и своеобразием языковой картины мира современной китайской молодежи. Заключение. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты позволяют говорить о совокупном действии в рамках жаргонных подсистем русского и китайского языков как универсальных тенденций в области словопроизводства, так и специфичных для каждого языка путях реализации этих тенденций. Способы пополнения молодежного жаргона в конкретной лингвокультуре обусловлены концептуальным содержанием ее соответствующего фрагмента. Introduction. In the 21st century, all the languages of the world undergo radical changes in its lexical composition. Due to the need to nominate new concepts, phenomena and objects in the process of cognition and development of a constantly changing world, the lexical fund of languages is enriched by the emergence of new vocabulary, among which there are a lot of slang words. Youth jargon is an interesting language phenomenon both in Russian and in Chinese, which is developing almost simultaneously in two completely different language systems and linguistic cultures. Material and methods. The author analyzes the ways of replenishing the lexical fund of Russian and Chinese youth slang in a comparative aspect, taking into account the factor of cognitive mechanisms dependence of meaning generation within the framework of the slang fragment of the national world picture. The study is carried out on the basis of the material of the author’s dictionary files, as well as data from lexicographic sources based on the methodology of contextual, contrastive-comparative analysis, as well as word-formation modeling. Results and discussion. The most productive ways of enriching the corpus of youth vocabulary in both languages are revealed. This is metaphorization, affixation, foreign borrowing. At the same time, unlike Russian youth jargon, in the Chinese language, such methods as abbreviation and homophony reveal a greater specific gravity and linguocultural specifics in the formation of new slang units. The Chinese youth sociolect also reveals specifics when adapting foreign borrowings. These differences are due to the typological features of the Chinese language and the originality of the linguistic picture of the world of modern Chinese youth. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the study allow us to talk about the combined action within the framework of the slang subsystems of the Russian and Chinese languages as universal trends in the field of word production, and ways specific to each language to implement these trends. Ways to replenish youth jargon in a particular linguistic culture are determined by the conceptual content of its corresponding fragment.


Author(s):  
Pavol Stekauer ◽  
Salvador Valera ◽  
Livia Kortvelyessy
Keyword(s):  

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Baeskow

For many decades there has been a consensus among linguists of various schools that derivational suffixes function not only to determine the word-class of the complex expressions they form, but also convey semantic information. The aspect of suffix-inherent meaning is ignored by representatives of a relatively new theoretical direction – Neo-Construction Grammar – who consider derivational suffixes to be either purely functional elements of the grammar or meaningless phonological realizations of abstract grammatical morphemes. The latter view is maintained by adherents of Distributed Morphology, who at the same time emphasize the importance of conceptual knowledge for derivational processes without attempting to define this aspect. The purpose of this study is first of all to provide support for the long-standing assumption that suffixes are inherently meaningful. The focus of interest is on the suffixes -ship, -dom and -hood. Data from Old English and Modern English (including neologisms) will show that these suffixes have developed rich arrays of meaning which cannot be structurally derived. Moreover, since conceptual knowledge is indeed an important factor for word-formation processes, a concrete, theory-independent model for the representation of the synchronically observable meaning components associated with -ship, -dom and -hood will be proposed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Yulia Chernyakhovskaya

This year is the centenary of the death of the Russian publicist and religious thinker V.V. Rozanov. And this year also follows the year of the 110th anniversary of the great Soviet writer, philosopher and futurist I.A. Efremov. The first figure ended the era, gathering and absorbing all the rushing about, as well as political and spiritual conflicts of the Russian intelligentsia in the time of the outgoing monarchy. The latter was born at the beginning of the new era and proclaimed the images of the great future. It’s an interesting question whether they, like the images of their corresponding eras, differ immensely, and we could say that they are split and unrelated. Or if the images of the later epoch are the continuation of the former ones, overcoming the deadlocks of the old era and solving its conflicts. Did the intellectuals of the Soviet era discard the problems of the tsarist intellectuals or, on the contrary, did they manage to offer advanced answers? The philosophy of V.V. Rozanov, so original and not fully explored to this day, could not but be reflected in the works of his successors and heirs. Revealing similar trends of philosophical thought in the legacy of the Soviet period, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that a number of analogous issues were investigated also by I. A. Efremov.


Author(s):  
Anealka Aziz Hussin ◽  
Tuan Sarifah Aini Syed Ahmad

Engaging students in language activities can sometimes be challenging for language educators. One of the ways to engage students in language activities is through language games. Language games can motivate students to communicate, strengthens their ability to comprehend the language and enhance their problem-solving and cognitive skills. Language games also have a vast potential to increase engagement of the students, thus lead to the creation of the Conquer & Score: The Derivational Island. It is a word formation enrichment game catering to students learning lexicology and linguistics. The topic was chosen based on the result of an online quiz on the types of morphemes. The game focuses on the derivational morphemes used to form the English language words. The game requires knowledge of morphology as well as basic lexical analysis skills. The game provides educators a fun and engaging reinforcement activity for the students. Gamification elements used in the game such as rewards, flexible learning path and progress indicator offer a safe environment for competition, which can motivate students to outdo each other to win the game. This paper also highlights some important aspects of games in learning.


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