scholarly journals BIOGEOGRAFÍA DE ESPONJAS MARINAS (PHYLUM PORIFERA); ESTUDIOS EN EL PACÍFICO ORIENTAL

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
C. Vega ◽  
C. J. Hernández-Guerrero ◽  
J. A. Cruz-Barraza
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

Las esponjas (Phylum Porifera) constituyen uno de entre grupos y animales acuáticos más biodiversos y abundantes del planeta. En las últimas décadas han adquirido un creciente interés debido a su importancia evolutiva, ecológica y económica (e.g. biotecnológica). Además de estos aspectos, las esponjas también son interesantes desde el punto de vista biogeográfico, debido a que poseen adultos sésiles y larvas que en general presentan dispersión limitada, lo que permite estudiar la historia de su dispersión. Pese a su importancia, el conocimiento sobre sus patrones de distribución ha sido poco desarrollado. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar el estado del conocimiento biogeográfico de los Porifera, así como dar a conocer un panorama actual de su situación en la región del Pacífico oriental. En general, la falta de un buen conocimiento faunístico de los poríferos en esta región, dificulta el establecimiento de sus relaciones biogeográficas. Durante los últimos años, se ha realizado una intensa campaña para ampliar el conocimiento taxonómico básico, sin embargo, el grado de avance aun no es suficiente, por lo que es importante continuar con el desarrollo de trabajos que aborden estudios faunísticos y los patrones de distribución de los poríferos. Sin duda, con la continuidad que se le está dando a esta labor, y la implementación de marcadores moleculares en la sistemática y biogeografía de los poríferos, en poco tiempo será posible utilizarlos dentro de modelos biogeográficos. Ello nos dará una mayor perspectiva de los patrones de distribución y especiación que ocurren en los océanos, y especialmente en la gran región geográfica del Pacífico oriental. Biogeography of marine sponges (Phylum Porifera); studies in the Eastern Pacific Sponges (Phylum Porifera) constitute one of the more diverse and abundant aquatic animal groups on the planet. In the last decades they have gained great interest due to their evolutionary, ecology and economic importance (e.g., biotechnology). Besides these features, sponges are of much interest to biogeography, because they have sessile adults and larvae with limited dispersal, which allows studying the history of their dispersal. Despite their importance, the knowledge about sponge distribution patterns remains poorly development. The goal of this review is to introduce the biogeography knowledge state, as well as give an actual panorama of their situation in the eastern Pacific. In general, lack of good knowledge about Porifera fauna in this region difficult to establish biogeographical relationships. During the last years an intense campaign has began in order to develop the basic taxonomic knowledge, however, the progress is not enough, there for it is important to continue the development of studies about the distribution patterns of Porifera. These investigations along with the implementation of molecular markers in the systematics and biogeography of Porifera, allow in the near future use the sponges within biogeographic models. This will give us greater insight about the patterns of distribution and speciation in the oceans, particularly in the geographical region of the eastern Pacific.

Biogeographical implications of Zambezian Cichlidogyrus species (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) parasitizing Congolian cichlids

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3608 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAARTEN P.M. VANHOVE ◽  
MAARTEN VAN STEENBERGE ◽  
STEVEN DESSEIN ◽  
FILIP A.M. VOLCKAERT ◽  
JOS SNOEKS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Haplochromine Cichlids ◽  
Centre Of Diversity ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dispersal Abilities

Fishes normally restricted to inland waters are valuable model systems for historical biogeography, inter alia, because of their limited dispersal abilities and concordance with the distribution patterns of other freshwater taxa (Zogaris et al. 2009). The comparison of fish species assemblages has been the major biogeographical tool for delineating African aquatic ecoregions as the fossil record is often meagre and merely offers complementary information. This is, for example, the case for the Zambezian and Congolian ichthyofaunal provinces, which display substantial contemporary fish diversity (Stewart 2001). Between both regions lies the Bangweulu-Mweru ecoregion (sensu Scott 2005), known for its high percentage of endemicity. Although hydrographically belonging to the Congo Basin, the Bangweulu-Mweru ecoregion has a high affinity with the Zambezi province (Scott 2005), due to historical river connections (Tweddle 2010). Studies comparing the Zambezi and Congo ichthyofaunal provinces are rare and hampered by lack of data from the Congo Basin. The latter harbours more than 1250 fish species (Snoeks et al. 2011) while in the Zambezi, only 120 freshwater fishes are found (Tweddle 2010). Indeed, species richness declines in all major African teleost families from the Congo Basin southwards, riverine haplochromine cichlids forming a notable exception to this rule (Joyce et al. 2005). Although it was hypothesized by Tweddle (2010) that the origin of many Zambezian fish species is in the Congo Basin, the haplochromines Serranochromis Regan, Sargochromis Regan, Pharyngochromis Greenwood and Chetia Trewavas, together forming the serranochromines, have their centre of diversity in the rivers of the Zambezian ichthyofaunal province (Joyce et al. 2005). Therefore, the biogeographical history of Cichlidae across the Zambezi- Congo watershed is not only key to cichlid biogeography on an African scale, but also complementary to biogeography of all other teleosts in the region. Yet, colonisation and speciation patterns are difficult to unravel due to complex hydrological history (Katongo et al. 2007; Schwarzer et al. 2012).

scholarly journals Assessing diversity among traditional Greek and foreign eggplant cultivars using molecular markers and morphometrical descriptors

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios A. Augustinos ◽  
Constantinos Petropoulos ◽  
Vassiliki Karasoulou ◽  
Fotios Bletsos ◽  
Vasilis Papasotiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Domestication Selection ◽  
History Of

Eggplant is a widely cultivated vegetable crop of great economic importance. Its long lasting history of domestication, selection and breeding has led to the development of numerous cultivars with variable traits. In the present study, we assessed the diversity levels within and among eleven Greek and foreign cultivars, using 22 morphological descriptors and two different classes of molecular markers (retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism-REMAP markers and nuclear microsatellites). Our results, in accordance with other studies in the field showed: a) the limited levels of genetic polymorphism within the cultivars; b) the high morphological and genetic divergence existing among them as indicated by the genetic distance values calculated, which could be attributed to selection, inbreeding and bottleneck effects; and c) the lack of concordance among morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Despite these, our analysis showed that the utilization of combinations of markers is an effective method for the characterization of plant material providing also useful diagnostic tools for the identification and authentication of the selected Greek cultivars.

La valorisation des prestations non-bois: particularités genevoises (essai) | Commercialization of non-wood forest services: the case of Geneva (essay)

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (8) ◽  
pp. 232-234
Author(s):  
Patrik Fouvy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Body ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

The history of the forests in canton Geneva, having led to these being disconnected from productive functions, provides a symptomatic demonstration that the services provided by the forest eco-system are common goods. Having no hope of financial returns in the near future and faced with increasing social demands, the state has invested in the purchase of forest land, financed projects for forest regeneration and improvement of biological diversity and developed infrastructures for visitors. In doing this the state as a public body takes on the provision of services in the public interest. But the further funding for this and for expenses for the private forests, which must be taken into account, are not secured for the future.

scholarly journals Relicts from Glacial Times: The Ground Beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Austrian Alps

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Paill ◽  
Stephan Koblmüller ◽  
Thomas Friess ◽  
Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn ◽  
Christian Mairhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Austrian Alps ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Limited Dispersal

The last ice age considerably influenced distribution patterns of extant species of plants and animals, with some of them now inhabiting disjunct areas in the subarctic/arctic and alpine regions. This arctic-alpine distribution is characteristic for many cold-adapted species with a limited dispersal ability and can be found in many invertebrate taxa, including ground beetles. The ground beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 of the subgenus Bothriopterus was previously known to have a holarctic-circumpolar distribution, in Europe reaching its southern borders in Wales and southern Scandinavia. Here, we report the first findings of this species from the Austrian Ötztal Alps, representing also the southernmost edge of its currently known distribution, confirmed by the comparison of morphological characters to other Bothriopterus species and DNA barcoding data. Molecular data revealed a separation of the Austrian and Finish specimens with limited to no gene flow at all. Furthermore, we present the first data on habitat preference and seasonality of P. adstrictus in the Austrian Alps.

scholarly journals Some lessons for malaria from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matiana González-Silva ◽  
N. Regina Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eradication Campaign ◽  
Global Polio Eradication Initiative ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched in 1988 with the aim of completely clearing wild polio viruses by 2000. More than three decades later, the goal has not been achieved, although spectacular advances have been made, with wild polio virus reported in only 2 countries in 2019. In spite of such progress, novel challenges have been added to the equation, most importantly outbreaks of vaccine-derived polio cases resulting from reversion to neurovirulence of attenuated vaccine virus, and insufficient coverage of vaccination. In the context of the latest discussions on malaria eradication, the GPEI experience provides more than a few lessons to the malaria field when considering a coordinated eradication campaign. The WHO Strategic Advisory Committee on Malaria Eradication (SAGme) stated in 2020 that in the context of more than 200 million malaria cases reported, eradication was far from reach in the near future and, therefore, efforts should remain focused on getting back on track to achieve the objectives set by the Global Technical Strategy against Malaria (2016–2030). Acknowledging the deep differences between both diseases and the stages they are in their path towards eradication, this paper draws from the history of GPEI and highlights relevant insights into what it takes to eradicate a pathogen in fields as varied as priority setting, global governance, strategy, community engagement, surveillance systems, and research. Above all, it shows the critical need for openness to change and adaptation as the biological, social and political contexts vary throughout the time an eradication campaign is ongoing.

Evolutionary ecology of Agave : distribution patterns, phylogeny, and coevolution (an homage to Howard S. Gentry)

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. Eguiarte ◽  
Ofelia A. Jiménez Barrón ◽  
Erika Aguirre‐Planter ◽  
Enrique Scheinvar ◽  
Niza Gámez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Distribution Patterns

Assessment of loading history of compartments in the knee using bone SPECT/CT: A study combining alignment and 99mTc-HDP tracer uptake/distribution patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Hirschmann ◽  
Stephan Schön ◽  
Faik K. Afifi ◽  
Felix Amsler ◽  
Helmut Rasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Loading History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bone Spect

The evolutionary history of the goby Elacatinus puncticulatus in the tropical eastern pacific: Effects of habitat discontinuities and local environmental variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.R. Sandoval-Huerta ◽  
R.G. Beltrán-López ◽  
C.R. Pedraza-Marrón ◽  
M.A. Paz-Velásquez ◽  
A. Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
History Of

Library Resources for the History of Science in Newcastle Upon Tyne

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
W. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Local History ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Town ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

Science historians need two major kinds of literary resources, old books, journals, patents, plans and other documents from which to quarry their facts, and critical tools such as histories of science, bibliographies and biographies. Provision of the second category needs positive planning; the first is often itself an accident of local history. Among the factors which have shaped Newcastle upon Tyne may be numbered a Roman river crossing, a Norman castle, mediaeval walls, powerful charters granted by Tudor and Stuart monarchs, a favourable site in a coalfield, and a phenomenal succession of inventive entrepreneurs in mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, and mechanical and electrical engineering. Its scientific and cultural institutions (see Table) are of respectable maturity, and in addition the town possessed by 1815 several chapel and meeting-house libraries, a newsroom and subscription library in the Assembly Rooms together with three circulating libraries run by prominent booksellers. Present resources are concentrated in six organizations, with two more in the near future.

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