Technologieplanung in der Medizintechnik*/Technology planning in medical engineering - Methodology for the definition of a target system for technology planning of medical products

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 812-817
Author(s):  
F. Klocke ◽  
J. Müller ◽  
P. Mattfeld ◽  
J. Stauder
Keyword(s):  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Target System ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Technology Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Early Phases

Produzierende Unternehmen in der Medizintechnik müssen die Anforderungen vieler Interessenspartner erfüllen. Eine kostengünstige Herstellung erfordert die Berücksichtigung dieser Anforderungen bereits in frühen Phasen des Produktentstehungsprozesses. Es wurde daher eine Methodik entwickelt, die auf Basis eines Zielsystems, das als Ausgangspunkt für die Technologieplanung dient, die Berücksichtigung unternehmensspezifischer Anforderungen erlaubt.   Manufacturing companies in medical engineering have to take into account the needs of a variety of stakeholders. Cost-efficient production requires the consideration of these requirements already in the early phases of the product development process. Therefore, a methodology has been developed that enables the consideration of company-specific requirements based on a target system serving as the starting point for technology planning.

Quality Concept - Applicable Aspects for Management of Research Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Daniela Alice Manolescu ◽  
Adrian Ioana ◽  
Daniela Tufeanu ◽  
Claudiu Nicolicescu ◽  
Bogdan Florea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of

The notion of quality is defined as the totality of the attributes and essential aspects by virtue of which one is what it is, distinguishing itself from the other things. The article has as its starting point the definition of quality according to SR EN ISO 9001:2015. This standard defines the quality like „the set of properties and features of a product or service that gives it the ability to meet the expressed and implied needs of the customers”. Our article treats three categories of expressed and implicit necessities: the expressed and implied needs of clients, as beneficiaries of Products/Work/Services (P/W/S); the expressed and implied necessities of an efficient production management; the expressed and implicit necessities of society as a whole. In the article we present and analyze the components of quality (decalogue of quality) and the correlations between them. The quality term involves two main aspects (components), namely: utility, expressed by degree of utility (this component quantifies the extent to which the P/W/S meets the customer's needs and consequently sells). Technical component (intrinsic), which refers strictly to the technical characteristics of P/W/S. It is obvious that there is mutual dependence between the two components of the concept of quality (biunivoc).

An Architecture and Reference Implementation for WSN-Based IoT Systems

2022 ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Burak Karaduman ◽  
Bentley James Oakes ◽  
Raheleh Eslampanah ◽  
Joachim Denil ◽  
Hans Vangheluwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Reference Implementation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things and its technologies have evolved quickly in recent years. It became an umbrella term for various technologies, embedded devices, smart objects, and web services. Although it has gained maturity, there is still no clear or common definition of references for creating WSN-based IoT systems. In the awareness that creating an omniscient and ideal architecture that can suit all design requirements is not feasible, modular and scalable architecture that supports adding or subtracting components to fit a lot of requirements of various use cases should be provided as a starting point. This chapter discusses such an architecture and reference implementation. The architecture should cover multiple layers, including the cloud, the gateway, and the edges of the target system, which allows monitoring the environment, managing the data, programming the edge nodes and networking model to establish communication between horizontal and vertical embedded devices. In order to exemplify the proposed architecture and reference implementation, a smart irrigation case study is used.

scholarly journals Energy Cost-Efficient Task Positioning in Manufacturing Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5034
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Tabu Search ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Cost Efficient

A problem to determine a production schedule which minimises the cost of energy used for manufacturing is studied. The scenario assumes that each production task has assigned constant power consumption, price of power from conventional electrical grid system is defined by time-of-use tariffs, and a component of free of charge renewable energy is available for the manufacturing system. The objective is to find the most cost-efficient production plan, subject to constraints involving predefined precedence relationships between the tasks and a bounded makespan. Two independent optimisation approaches have been developed, based on significantly different paradigms, namely mixed-integer linear programming and tabu search metaheuristic. Both of them have been verified and compared in extensive computational experiments. The tabu search-based approach has turned out to be generally more efficient in the sense of the obtained objective function values, but advantages of the use of linear programming have also been identified. The results confirm that it is possible to develop efficient computational methods to optimise energy cost under circumstances typical of manufacturing companies. The set of numerous benchmark instances and their solutions have been archived and it can be reused in further research.

scholarly journals Outsourcing decisions – the case of parallel production

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 974-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nordigården ◽  
Jakob Rehme ◽  
Staffan Brege ◽  
Daniel Chicksand ◽  
Helen Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Mixed Strategies ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Lock In

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate an underexplored aspect of outsourcing involving a mixed strategy in which parallel production is continued in-house at the same time as outsourcing occurs. Design/methodology/approach – The study applied a multiple case study approach and drew on qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with wood product manufacturing companies. Findings – The paper posits that there should be a variety of mixed strategies between the two governance forms of “make” or “buy.” In order to address how companies should consider the extent to which they outsource, the analysis was structured around two ends of a continuum: in-house dominance or outsourcing dominance. With an in-house-dominant strategy, outsourcing complements an organization's own production to optimize capacity utilization and outsource less cost-efficient production, or is used as a tool to learn how to outsource. With an outsourcing-dominant strategy, in-house production helps maintain complementary competencies and avoids lock-in risk. Research limitations/implications – This paper takes initial steps toward an exploration of different mixed strategies. Additional research is required to understand the costs of different mixed strategies compared with insourcing and outsourcing, and to study parallel production from a supplier viewpoint. Practical implications – This paper suggests that managers should think twice before rushing to a “me too” outsourcing strategy in which in-house capacities are completely closed. It is important to take a dynamic view of outsourcing that maintains a mixed strategy as an option, particularly in situations that involve an underdeveloped supplier market and/or as a way to develop resources over the long term. Originality/value – The concept of combining both “make” and “buy” is not new. However, little if any research has focussed explicitly on exploring the variety of different types of mixed strategies that exist on the continuum between insourcing and outsourcing.

Holism, Chinese Medicine and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shared Objective ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explores the articulations that have emerged over the last half century between various types of holism, Chinese medicine and systems biology. Given the discipline’s historical attachments to a definition of ‘medicine’ that rather narrowly refers to biomedicine as developed in Europe and the US from the eighteenth century onwards, the medical humanities are not the most obvious starting point for such an inquiry. At the same time, they do offer one advantage over neighbouring disciplines like medical history, anthropology or science and technology studies for someone like myself, a clinician as well as a historian and anthropologist: their strong commitment to the objective of facilitating better medical practice. This promise furthermore links to the wider project of critique, which, in Max Horkheimer’s definition of the term, aims at change and emancipation in order ‘to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them’. If we take the critical medical humanities as explicitly affirming this shared objective and responsibility, extending the discipline’s traditional gaze is not a burden but becomes, in fact, an obligation.

scholarly journals Dissecting cellobiose metabolic pathway and its application in biorefinery through consolidated bioprocessing in Myceliophthora thermophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingen Li ◽  
Shuying Gu ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Bingchen Chen ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Consolidated Bioprocessing ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Myceliophthora Thermophila ◽  
Final Strain ◽  
Cellobiose Metabolism ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract Background Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source for industrial applications. The costs associated with conversion of plant biomass to fermentable sugar represent a significant barrier to the production of cost-competitive biochemicals. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is considered a potential breakthrough for achieving cost-efficient production of biomass-based fuels and commodity chemicals. During the degradation of cellulose, cellobiose (major end-product of cellulase activity) is catabolized by hydrolytic and phosphorolytic pathways in cellulolytic organisms. However, the details of the two intracellular cellobiose metabolism pathways in cellulolytic fungi remain to be uncovered. Results Using the engineered malic acid production fungal strain JG207, we demonstrated that the hydrolytic pathway by β-glucosidase and the phosphorolytic pathway by phosphorylase are both used for intracellular cellobiose metabolism in Myceliophthora thermophila, and the yield of malic acid can benefit from the energy advantages of phosphorolytic cleavage. There were obvious differences in regulation of the two cellobiose catabolic pathways depending on whether M. thermophila JG207 was grown on cellobiose or Avicel. Disruption of Mtcpp in strain JG207 led to decreased production of malic acid under cellobiose conditions, while expression levels of all three intracellular β-glucosidase genes were significantly up-regulated to rescue the impairment of the phosphorolytic pathway under Avicel conditions. When the flux of the hydrolytic pathway was reduced, we found that β-glucosidase encoded by bgl1 was the dominant enzyme in the hydrolytic pathway and deletion of bgl1 resulted in significant enhancement of protein secretion but reduction of malate production. Combining comprehensive manipulation of both cellobiose utilization pathways and enhancement of cellobiose uptake by overexpression of a cellobiose transporter, the final strain JG412Δbgl2Δbgl3 produced up to 101.2 g/L and 77.4 g/L malic acid from cellobiose and Avicel, respectively, which corresponded to respective yields of 1.35 g/g and 1.03 g/g, representing significant improvement over the starting strain JG207. Conclusions This is the first report of detailed investigation of intracellular cellobiose catabolism in cellulolytic fungus M. thermophila. These results provide insights that can be applied to industrial fungi for production of biofuels and biochemicals from cellobiose and cellulose.

scholarly journals A CONTROL LIST FOR THE SYSTEMATIC IDENTIFICATION OF DISTURBANCE FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Peter Welzbacher ◽  
Gunnar Vorwerk-Handing ◽  
Eckhard Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Disturbance Factor ◽  
Systematic Identification

AbstractThe importance of considering disturbance factors in the product development process is often emphasized as one of the key factors to a functional and secure product. However, there is only a small number of tools to support the developer in the identification of disturbance factors and none of them yet ensures that the majority of occurring disturbance factors is considered. Thus, it is the aim of this contribution to provide a tool in form of a control list for the systematic identification of disturbance factors. At the beginning of this contribution, the terms “disturbance factor” and “uncertainty” are defined based on a literature review and different approaches for the classification of uncertainty are presented. Subsequently, the fundamentals of multipole based model theory are outlined. Moreover, a first approach in terms of a control list for a systematic identification of disturbance factors is discussed. Based on the discussed approach and taking the identified weaknesses as a starting point, a control list is presented that combines the existing basic concept of the control list with the fundamentals of multipole based model theory.

Digital competences of the workforce – a research topic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Murawski ◽  
Markus Bick
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Considering working in the digital age, questions on the consequences for the individual workers are, so far, often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the question of whether the digital competences of the workforce is a research topic. The authors argue for the thesis that it is indeed a research topic. Design/methodology/approach In addition to a literature analysis of the top IS, HR, and learning publications, non-scientific sources, as well as the opinions of the authors, are included. The authors’ thesis is challenged through a debate of corresponding pros and cons. Findings The definition of digital competences lacks scientific depth. Focussing on the workforce is valid, as a “lifelong” perspective is not mandatory for research. Digital competence research is a multidisciplinary task to which the IS field can make a valuable contribution. Research limitations/implications Although relevant references are included, some aspects are mainly driven by the opinions of the authors. The theoretical implications encompass a call for a scientific definition of digital competences. Furthermore, scholars should focus on the competences of the workforce, including occupations, roles, or industries. The authors conclude by providing a first proposal of a research agenda. Practical implications The practical implications include the alignment of multiple stakeholders for the design of “digital” curricula and the integration by HR departments of the construct of digital competences, e.g. for compensation matters and job requirements. Originality/value This paper is one of very few contributions in the area of the digital competences of the workforce, and it presents a starting point for future research activities.

On the Description and Definition of Human Factors/Ergonomics

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Wogalter ◽  
Peter A. Hancock ◽  
Patrick G. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Engineering Psychology

This work examines the terms most frequently used to describe our field, which has variously been named Ergonomics, Human Factors, Human Factors Engineering, and Engineering Psychology. A large number of definitions were collected, including those assembled in an earlier technical report by Licht, Polzella, and Boff (1990). First, the definitions were stripped of connector words. Second, the prefix root terms that had the same meaning were combined and third, the words were tabulated and sorted to reveal the content terms most frequently employed. These data may be used to develop core, concise definitions or longer more expository descriptions of the field. The list of terms could also be used as a starting point for the development of definitions oriented for different target audiences (e.g., lay persons vs. other engineering/science experts) as a method of disseminating information concerning what we do.

Territorial capital as a company intangible

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariachiara Barzotto ◽  
Giancarlo Corò ◽  
Mario Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Growth ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to explore to what extent being located in a territory is value-relevant for a company. Second, to understand if a company is aware of, and how it can sustain, the territorial tangible and intangible assets present in the economic area in which it is located. Design/methodology/approach – The study presents an empirical multiple case-study, investigating ten mid-/large-sized Italian companies in manufacturing sectors. Findings – The results indicate that the sampled manufacturing companies are intertwined with the environment in which they are embedded, both in their home country and in host ones. The domestic territorial capital has provided, and still provides, enterprises with workers endowed with the necessary technical skills that they can have great difficulty in finding in other places. In turn, companies support territorial capital generation through their activities. Research limitations/implications – To increase the generalisability of the results, future research should expand the sample and examine firms based in different countries and sectors. Practical implications – Implications for policy makers: developing effective initiatives to support and guide a sustainable territorial capital growth. Implications for managers and investors: improving managerial and investors’ decisions by disclosing a complete picture of the enterprise, also outside the firm boundaries. Originality/value – The study contributes to intangibles/intellectual capital literature by shedding light on the importance of including territorial capital in a company’s report to improve the definition of the firm’s value. Accounting of the territorial capital would increase the awareness of the socio-economic environment value in which companies are located and its use.

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