EFFECT OF PHOTO INITIATION TREATMENTS ON FLOWERING, POLLEN VIABILITY AND SEED GERMINABILITY OF FOUR SUGARCANE CLONES

Fresh pollen of 16 promising genotypes of gladiolus was tested for their pollen viability. Modified cellophane method was employed to assess the pollen viability. Pollen germination media consisted of 15% sucrose supplemented with 300 ppm calcium nitrate, 200 ppm magnesium sulphate, 100 ppm potassium nitrate and 100 ppm boric acid. Highly significant variations were observed for percentage of pollen germination, non-germinated pollen and sterile pollen. The highest pollen germination (76.41%) was in genotype Hybrid selection 88-10-22, and did not differ significantly from Gladiolus callianthus (75.41%), Sapna (75.10 %), Hybrid selection 86-32-11, (73.28 %), Kum Kum (69.41%), Poonam (69.22 %), Hybrid selection 87-22-1 (67.87 %), Hybrid selection 87-1-1 (67.61 %), Psittacinus hybrid (64.64%) and Darshan (63.97%). The lowest non- germinated pollen (10.47%) was in genotype Gladiolus callianthus, and insignificantly followed by Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 18.77 % and Hybrid selection 87-22-1 with 18.95 %. The lowest percentage of sterile pollen was noticed in genotype Sapna (2.82%) followed by Poonam with 4.00 % Hybrid selection 88-10-22 with 4.82% and Hybrid selection 82-11-27 with 5.22%. Key words: Gladiolus; germination; pollen DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4089Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 47-50

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Floral morphology and pollen viability of an endangered and endemic Bromeliaceae species from the Atlantic Forest

Grana ◽

10.1080/00173134.2021.1882556 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Valéria Leobina dos Santos ◽

Catarina Carvalho Nievola ◽

Adriana de Oliveira Fidalgo ◽

Shoey Kanashiro ◽

Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Floral Morphology ◽

Pollen Viability

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A Duplicated Copy of the Meiotic Gene ZIP4 Preserves up to 50% Pollen Viability and Grain Number in Polyploid Wheat

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10040290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Abdul Kader Alabdullah ◽

Graham Moore ◽

Azahara C. Martín

Keyword(s):

Pollen Viability ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Wheat Chromosome ◽

Grain Number ◽

Meiotic Gene ◽

Chromosome 5B ◽

Mutant Pollen ◽

Female Gametogenesis ◽

Chromosome 3B

Although most flowering plants are polyploid, little is known of how the meiotic process evolves after polyploidisation to stabilise and preserve fertility. On wheat polyploidisation, the major meiotic gene ZIP4 on chromosome 3B duplicated onto 5B and diverged (TaZIP4-B2). TaZIP4-B2 was recently shown to promote homologous pairing, synapsis and crossover, and suppress homoeologous crossover. We therefore suspected that these meiotic stabilising effects could be important for preserving wheat fertility. A CRISPR Tazip4-B2 mutant was exploited to assess the contribution of the 5B duplicated ZIP4 copy in maintaining pollen viability and grain setting. Analysis demonstrated abnormalities in 56% of meiocytes in the Tazip4-B2 mutant, with micronuclei in 50% of tetrads, reduced size in 48% of pollen grains and a near 50% reduction in grain number. Further studies showed that most of the reduced grain number occurred when Tazip4-B2 mutant plants were pollinated with the less viable Tazip4-B2 mutant pollen rather than with wild type pollen, suggesting that the stabilising effect of TaZIP4-B2 on meiosis has a greater consequence in subsequent male, rather than female gametogenesis. These studies reveal the extraordinary value of the wheat chromosome 5B TaZIP4-B2 duplication to agriculture and human nutrition. Future studies should further investigate the role of TaZIP4-B2 on female fertility and assess whether different TaZIP4-B2 alleles exhibit variable effects on meiotic stabilisation and/or resistance to temperature change.

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Rising Atmospheric Temperature Impact on Wheat and Thermotolerance Strategies

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Adeel Khan ◽

Munir Ahmad ◽

Mukhtar Ahmed ◽

M. Iftikhar Hussain

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Stay Green ◽

Seed Formation

Temperature across the globe is increasing continuously at the rate of 0.15–0.17 °C per decade since the industrial revolution. It is influencing agricultural crop productivity. Therefore, thermotolerance strategies are needed to have sustainability in crop yield under higher temperature. However, improving thermotolerance in the crop is a challenging task for crop scientists. Therefore, this review work was conducted with the aim of providing information on the wheat response in three research areas, i.e., physiology, breeding, and advances in genetics, which could assist the researchers in improving thermotolerance. The optimum temperature for wheat growth at the heading, anthesis, and grain filling duration is 16 ± 2.3 °C, 23 ± 1.75 °C, and 26 ± 1.53 °C, respectively. The high temperature adversely influences the crop phenology, growth, and development. The pre-anthesis high temperature retards the pollen viability, seed formation, and embryo development. The post-anthesis high temperature declines the starch granules accumulation, stem reserve carbohydrates, and translocation of photosynthates into grains. A high temperature above 40 °C inhibits the photosynthesis by damaging the photosystem-II, electron transport chain, and photosystem-I. Our review work highlighted that genotypes which can maintain a higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, expression of heat shock proteins, stay green and antioxidant enzymes activity viz., catalase, peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase can tolerate high temperature efficiently through sustaining cellular physiology. Similarly, the pre-anthesis acclimation with heat treatment, inorganic fertilizer such as nitrogen, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride, mulches with rice husk, early sowing, presoaking of a 6.6 mM solution of thiourea, foliar application of 50 ppm dithiothreitol, 10 mg per kg of silicon at heading and zinc ameliorate the crop against the high temperature. Finally, it has been suggested that modern genomics and omics techniques should be used to develop thermotolerance in wheat.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE AND POLLEN VIABILITY OF PISUM SATIVUM GENOTYPES UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2009.830.96 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 665-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

V. Petkova ◽

V. Nikolova ◽

S.H. Kalapchieva ◽

V. Stoeva ◽

E. Topalova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Pisum Sativum ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Temperature Influence

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Cosegregation of Single Genes Associated with Fertility Restoration and Transcript Processing of Sorghum Mitochondrial orf107 and urf209

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/150.1.383 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 150 (1) ◽

pp. 383-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hoang V Tang ◽

Ruying Chang ◽

Daryl R Pring

Keyword(s):

Fertility Restoration ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Single Gene ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Transcript Processing ◽

Backcross Populations

Abstract Defective nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions leading to aberrant microgametogenesis in sorghum carrying the IS1112C male-sterile cytoplasm occur very late in pollen maturation. Amelioration of this condition, the restoration of pollen viability, involves a novel two-gene gametophytic system, wherein genes designated Rf3 and Rf4 are required for viability of individual gametes. Rf3 is tightly linked to, or represents, a single gene that regulates a transcript processing activity that cleaves transcriptsof orf107, a chimeric mitochondrial open reading frame specific to IS1112C. The mitochondrial gene urf 209 is also subject to nucleus-specific enhanced transcript processing, 5′ to the gene, conferred by a single dominant gene designated Mmt1. Examinations of transcript patterns in F2 and two backcross populations indicated cosegregation of the augmented orf107 and urf209 processing activities in IS1112C. Several sorghum lines that do not restore fertility or confer orf107 transcript processing do exhibit urf209 transcript processing, indicating that the activities are distinguishable. We conclude that the nuclear gene(s) conferring enhanced orf107 and urf209 processing activities are tightly linked in IS1112C. Alternatively, the similarity in apparent regulatory action of the genes may indicate allelic differences wherein the IS1112C Rf3 allele may differ from alleles of maintainer lines by the capability to regulate both orf107 and urf209 processing activities.

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Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185961900056x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 157 (04) ◽

pp. 283-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Malumpong ◽

S. Cheabu ◽

C. Mongkolsiriwatana ◽

W. Detpittayanan ◽

A. Vanavichit

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Pollen Germination ◽

Seed Set ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Spikelet Fertility ◽

Anther Dehiscence ◽

Spikelet Sterility ◽

Plant Parts

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes of Hsf genes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of six HsfA genes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of the HsfA2a gene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.

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Potential Fertilization Capacity of Two Grapevine Varieties: Effects on Agricultural Production in Designation of Origin Areas in the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10070961 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 961

Author(s):

J. Antonio Cortiñas Rodríguez ◽

María Fernández-González ◽

Estefanía González-Fernández ◽

Rosa A. Vázquez-Ruiz ◽

F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Airborne Pollen ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽

Tetrazolium Chloride ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Sites ◽

Fertilization Capacity

In the present study, we analyzed the main parameters related with the potential fertilization ability of two grapevine varieties, Godello and Mencía, during the years 2017 and 2018. The research was carried out in two vineyards of the Galician winegrowing Designation of Origin areas of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra. Ten vines of each variety were selected for bunch and flower counting, pollen calculations, pollen viability studies by means of aceto-carmine (AC) stain and 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) methods, and the determination of their germination rate. In all vineyards the 50% fruitset was reached, except for Godello in Cenlle during 2017. The mean coulure value was higher for Godello (40.5%) than for Mencía (31%). Analyzing the pollen production per plant and airborne pollen levels, we observed important discordances between them, which can be due to the influence of weather conditions and be related with self-pollination processes. We found important differences on pollen viability depending on the applied method and variety, with higher values for the AC method than the TTC for both varieties in all study plots, and higher values for Mencía variety than Godello. Regarding germination rates, we observed a marked reduction in 2017 with respect to 2018, in all study sites and for both varieties. The analyzed parameters were useful to explain the different productive abilities of Godello and Mencía varieties in the two studied bioclimatic regions of Ribeiro and Ribeira Sacra.

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Evidence for improved pollen viability as the mechanism for film antitranspirant mitigation of drought damage to wheat yield

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15356 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Minuka M. Weerasinghe ◽

Peter S. Kettlewell ◽

Ivan G. Grove ◽

Martin C. Hare

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Spray Application ◽

Grain Number ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Boot Stage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Drought Damage

Application of film antitranspirant to wheat during late stem extension reduces drought damage to yield, but the mechanism is unknown. Field experiments under rain shelters were conducted over 3 years to test the hypothesis that film antitranspirant applied before meiosis alleviates drought-induced losses of pollen viability, grain number and yield. The film antitranspirant di-1-p-menthene was applied at third-node stage, and meiosis occurred at the early boot stage, with a range of 11–16 days after spray application in different years. Irrigated, unsprayed plots were included under the rain-shelters, and pollen viability, measured in 2 years in these plots, averaged 95.3%. Drought reduced pollen viability to 80.1% in unirrigated, unsprayed plots, but only to 88.6% in unirrigated plots treated with film antitranspirant. Grain number and yield of irrigated plots, measured in all years, were 16 529 m–2 and 9.55 t ha–1, respectively, on average. These were reduced by drought to 11 410 m–2 and 6.31 t ha–1 in unirrigated, unsprayed plots, but only to 12 878 m–2 and 6.97 t ha–1 in unirrigated plots treated with film antitranspirant. Thus compared with unirrigated, unsprayed plots, antitranspirant gave a grain yield benefit of 0.66 t ha–1. Further work is needed to validate the pollen viability mechanism in different climatic zones and with a wide range of cultivars.

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