scholarly journals Recent advances in the tandem annulation of 1,3-enynes to functionalized pyridine and pyrrole derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 2462-2476
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Puying Luo ◽  
Yang Fu ◽  
Tianxin Hao ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Pyrrole Derivatives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Functionalized Pyridine ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Made In

Great progress has been made in the tandem annulation of enynes in the past few years. This review only presents the corresponding reactions of 1,3-enyne structural motifs to provide the functionalized pyridine and pyrrole derivatives. The functionalization reactions cover iodination, bromination, trifluoromethylation, azidation, carbonylation, arylation, alkylation, selenylation, sulfenylation, amidation, esterification, and hydroxylation. We also briefly introduce the applications of the products and the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of corresponding N-heterocycles.

Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Bisbenzimidazoles

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Verma ◽  
Vishnuvardh Ravichandiran ◽  
Nihar Ranjan ◽  
Swaran J.S. Flora
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dna Recognition ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Structural Motifs ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most common structural motifs in approximately 80% of the marketed drugs. Of these, benzimidazoles analogues are known to elicit a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal as well as chemosensor effect. Based on the benzimidazole core fused heterocyclic compounds, crescent-shaped bisbenzimidazoles were developed which provided an early breakthrough in the sequence-specific DNA recognition. Over the years, a number of functional variations in the bisbenzimidazole core have led to the emergence of their unique properties and established them as versatile ligands against several classes of pathogens. The present review provides an overview of diverse pharmacological activities of the bisbenzimidazole analogues in the past decade with a brief account of its development through the years.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 4906
Author(s):  
Jurriën W. Collet ◽  
Thomas R. Roose ◽  
Bram Weijers ◽  
Bert U. W. Maes ◽  
Eelco Ruijter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Insertion Reactions ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Made In ◽  
Rapid Incorporation

Isocyanides have long been known as versatile chemical reagents in organic synthesis. Their ambivalent nature also allows them to function as a CO-substitute in palladium-catalyzed cross couplings. Over the past decades, isocyanides have emerged as practical and versatile C1 building blocks, whose inherent N-substitution allows for the rapid incorporation of nitrogeneous fragments in a wide variety of products. Recent developments in palladium catalyzed isocyanide insertion reactions have significantly expanded the scope and applicability of these imidoylative cross-couplings. This review highlights the advances made in this field over the past eight years.

An Integrative Approach to the Assessment and Treatment of Inflammatory Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Liponis ◽  
Bettina Martin
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Made In

The past two decades have seen great progress in recognizing the importance of inflammation in medicine. Increased focus on inflammation in both prevention and treatment has improved outcomes and quality of life in chronic diseases. Science has improved our understanding of inflammation’s many causes and effects on health, and many advances have been made in the availability of targeted therapeutic options for treating inflammation. This chapter gives an overview of recognizing the many causes of inflammation, its many targeted treatments strategies, and the questions that still surround it. It discusses several integrative approaches to reducing inflammation, including exercise, diet, and different strategies for managing sleep, mood, and stress, such as meditation and massage.

Recent Advances in Glass Transitions in Polymers

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eisenberg ◽  
M. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Glass Transitions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Made In

Abstract Since the publication of our review “Glass Transition in Polymers” in 1966, a number of interesting advances have been made in this field. The present article is intended to be an addendum to this review, reporting the progress that has been made by various workers during the past three years. In addition, a number of topics were not covered in the previous article due to the relatively incomplete understanding at that time. These will now be discussed. This is not because these topics are at present fully understood. Rather, we hope it will serve as a progress report to stimulate further interest in areas where further work is needed. The numbering systems and notations in this paper will follow those in the previous article for the sake of continuity.

scholarly journals A Morphological and Histological Investigation of Imperfect Lungfish Fin Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Bothe ◽  
Igor Schneider ◽  
Nadia B. Fröbisch
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Limb Regeneration ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Fin Regeneration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Made In

Regeneration, the replacement of body parts in a living animal, has excited scientists for centuries and our knowledge of vertebrate appendage regeneration has increased significantly over the past decades. While the ability of amniotes to regenerate body parts is very limited, members of other vertebrate clades have been shown to have rather high regenerative capacities. Among tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates), only salamanders show unparalleled capacities of epimorphic tissue regeneration including replacement of organ and body parts in an apparently perfect fashion. The closest living relatives of Tetrapoda, the lungfish, show regenerative abilities that are comparable to those of salamanders and recent studies suggest that these high regenerative capacities may indeed be ancestral for bony fish (osteichthyans) including tetrapods. While great progress has been made in recent years in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms deployed during appendage regeneration, comparatively few studies have investigated gross morphological and histological features of regenerated fins and limbs. Likewise, rather little is known about how fin regeneration compares morphologically to salamander limb regeneration. In this study, we investigated the morphology and histology of regenerated fins in all three modern lungfish families. Data from histological serial sections, 3D reconstructions, and x-ray microtomography scans were analyzed to assess morphological features, quality and pathologies in lungfish fin regenerates. We found several anomalies resulting from imperfect regeneration in regenerated fins in all investigated lungfish species, including fusion of skeletal elements, additional or fewer elements, and distal branching. The similarity of patterns in regeneration abnormalities compared to salamander limb regeneration lends further support to the hypothesis that high regenerative capacities are plesiomorphic for sarcopterygians.

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic selective organic oxidation reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (40) ◽  
pp. 20897-20924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Suyuan Zhang ◽  
Peixian Li ◽  
Shuiying Gao ◽  
Rong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Visible Light Driven ◽  
Organic Oxidation ◽  
Made In

In this review, we focus on the most recent advances made in visible-light-driven selective organic oxidation transformations and highlighted their reaction mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the future development trends, challenges, and prospective outlook in detail.

scholarly journals Khan Academy Videos in Chinese: A Case Study in OER Revision

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Rao ◽  
John Hilton III ◽  
Sarah Harper
Keyword(s):  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Open Courses ◽  
Khan Academy ◽  
Made In

<p class="3">Over the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the quality and availability of Open Educational Resources (OER). OER proponents often discuss the ability for users to revise and remix OER to make them more suitable for local contexts; however, much OER goes unmodified. This note from the field examines the efforts of NetEase Online Open Courses, a Chinese organization, to take more than two thousand Khan Academy videos and translate them into Chinese. We provide background on this initiative and also analyze site metrics to determine what type of use these derivative OER have received.</p>

Presidential Address

1913 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Archdeacon W. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Address ◽  
Young Men ◽  
British History ◽  
English History ◽  
Richard Iii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Made In

During the past year the Society has sustained one loss that overshadows all others. It is not for me to attempt to appreciate the value of the substantial contributions to the published sources of English history to which Mr. James Gairdner devoted himself so assiduously; I can only attempt to express the feeling which many of us here must share on the loss of our friend. I well remember the intense interest with which I read his ‘Life of Richard III.’ when it was first published in 1878, and the pleasure which I felt many years after in coming into contact with a man whom I admired so much. His constant kindliness and readiness to interest himself in and encourage the work of young men are not things to be readily forgotten. The chronicling of the blanks left in the roll of our officials and members is the saddest part of a President's duty. In my first address I expressed our sense of loss sustained through the death of Dr. Charles Gross; at this distance of time we can see more clearly than was possible four years ago how fruitful his work was. This year great progress has been made in the attempt to carry on the Bibliography of British History which he began, and during the last few weeks I have been impressed anew with the freshness and thoroughness of his studies, as I have been trying to look into and amplify the argument of his essay on Scottish Municipal History.

scholarly journals Recent advances in the synthesis of α-amino ketones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis A. T. Allen ◽  
Robert-Cristian Raclea ◽  
Philipp Natho ◽  
Philip J. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Amino Ketone ◽  
Product Substitution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Extended Discussion ◽  
Made In

This review on α-amino ketone synthesis collates and evaluates developments made in this area over the past decade, with an extended discussion on functional group compatibility, resultant product substitution patterns, and medicinal applications.

scholarly journals Elevating crop disease resistance with cloned genes

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1639) ◽  
pp. 20130087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. G. Jones ◽  
Kamil Witek ◽  
Walter Verweij ◽  
Florian Jupe ◽  
David Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Made In

Essentially all plant species exhibit heritable genetic variation for resistance to a variety of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, oomycetes or viruses. Disease losses in crop monocultures are already significant, and would be greater but for applications of disease-controlling agrichemicals. For sustainable intensification of crop production, we argue that disease control should as far as possible be achieved using genetics rather than using costly recurrent chemical sprays. The latter imply CO 2 emissions from diesel fuel and potential soil compaction from tractor journeys. Great progress has been made in the past 25 years in our understanding of the molecular basis of plant disease resistance mechanisms, and of how pathogens circumvent them. These insights can inform more sophisticated approaches to elevating disease resistance in crops that help us tip the evolutionary balance in favour of the crop and away from the pathogen. We illustrate this theme with an account of a genetically modified (GM) blight-resistant potato trial in Norwich, using the Rpi-vnt1.1 gene isolated from a wild relative of potato, Solanum venturii , and introduced by GM methods into the potato variety Desiree.

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