scholarly journals Investigating Conceptual Metaphorical Expression in English Suicide Notes: A Cognitive Linguistic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawj Saadi Sabri Alkhayyat ◽  
Naseer Shukur Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Cultural Domain ◽  
Metaphorical Expression ◽  
Body Metaphors

The human experience is mysterious, so, metaphor is commonly used to portray life experiences. The significance of metaphor for expressing and developing selfhood. The function of metaphor in determining the conceptual meanings in suicide letters. Language reflects our worldviews. Language is a component of the body. The technique is used to illuminate crucial issues in cognitive semantics that is linked between experience, the conceptual system, and the semantic structures encoded by language is studied in cognitive semantics. These include conceptual metaphor and embodied cognition. The study's flaw is that body metaphors and embodiment may be linked. A suicide note's cultural domain aspect and the importance of interpreting conceptual metaphoric notions cannot be overstated. The study claims that body metaphors utilized in suicide can be systematized utilizing sensoryperceptual information of the outside environment. Either way, the body or actual components as domains are clearly connected. Art is considered to require embodiment.

scholarly journals Scalable co-optimization of morphology and control in embodied machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (143) ◽  
pp. 20170937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Cheney ◽  
Josh Bongard ◽  
Vytas SunSpiral ◽  
Hod Lipson
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Sensorimotor Control ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
And Control

Evolution sculpts both the body plans and nervous systems of agents together over time. By contrast, in artificial intelligence and robotics, a robot's body plan is usually designed by hand, and control policies are then optimized for that fixed design. The task of simultaneously co-optimizing the morphology and controller of an embodied robot has remained a challenge. In psychology, the theory of embodied cognition posits that behaviour arises from a close coupling between body plan and sensorimotor control, which suggests why co-optimizing these two subsystems is so difficult: most evolutionary changes to morphology tend to adversely impact sensorimotor control, leading to an overall decrease in behavioural performance. Here, we further examine this hypothesis and demonstrate a technique for ‘morphological innovation protection’, which temporarily reduces selection pressure on recently morphologically changed individuals, thus enabling evolution some time to ‘readapt’ to the new morphology with subsequent control policy mutations. We show the potential for this method to avoid local optima and converge to similar highly fit morphologies across widely varying initial conditions, while sustaining fitness improvements further into optimization. While this technique is admittedly only the first of many steps that must be taken to achieve scalable optimization of embodied machines, we hope that theoretical insight into the cause of evolutionary stagnation in current methods will help to enable the automation of robot design and behavioural training—while simultaneously providing a test bed to investigate the theory of embodied cognition.

scholarly journals Embodiment und Un-Höflichkeit. Kognitive Aspekte kulturell geprägter Konzepte

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Anna Sulikowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Conceptual Organization ◽  
Human Specific

Eine der Grundprämissen der Kognitiven Linguistik bildet die Embodiment-These, die besagt, dass die menschliche Kognition und konzeptuelle Organisation sich aus der Art und Weise ergeben, in denen unsere artenspezifischen Körper mit der Umwelt interagieren. Das Fundament des konzeptuellen Systems eines Menschen baut also auf der Wahrnehmung, Sensomotorik, auf körperlicher und sozialer Erfahrung auf. Im folgenden Beitrag wird auf die Frage eingegangen, inwieweit kulturell geprägte Konzepte wie die Höflichkeit und Unhöflichkeit embodied sind. Der Analyse werden Idiome sowie figurative Einwortlexeme unterzogen.Embodiment and im-politeness: Cognitive aspects of culture-bound conceptsOne of the most important assumptions within the Cognitive Lingustics is the embodiment thesis, which postulates the human’s cognition and conceptual organization being formed by the contact of the body with the environment. The basis for the human-specific conceptual system is the perception, sensomotorics and the physical and social experience. The article discusses the question of embodiment of the culture-based concepts like politeness and impoliteness. In the scope of the conducted analysis are idioms and figurative one-word lexems.

Creating metaphor in context

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kövecses
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Systems Change ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Conceptual Systems ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Universal Nature

The issue of context has been, in the main, neglected in cognitive linguistic and much other work on how conceptual systems change and vary. In most recent work on conceptual systems, the issues of embodied cognition and the universal nature of cognitive operations have been emphasized. By contrast, my major goal in this paper is to attempt to characterize some of the contextual factors that are involved in shaping the conceptual system. My focus will be on metaphorical concepts, as well as on the interaction between metaphorical aspects of the conceptual system and contextual factors. I also suggest that the different conceptual factors do not mechanically and automatically lead to differences in the metaphorical conceptualization of a concept. Instead, they can affect non-metaphorical aspects of concepts.

How to Be a Man Differently: Intersectionality of Gender and Disability in the Life Course of a Powerchair Athlete

2022 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2110643
Author(s):  
Laurent Paccaud ◽  
Anne Marcellini
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Hockey Player ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Life Course

This article focuses on the intersection of gender, dis/ability and other social forces in the life course of a young man who has had physical impairments from an early age. Drawing on interactionist theories and applying an ethnographic approach, we analyze the life experiences taking place in multiple social spheres throughout the life phases of Simon, a Swiss powerchair hockey player with cerebral palsy. During his childhood and adolescence, Simon was not in a position to embody the familial ways of performing hegemonic masculinity, and he was functionally dependent on women. Through his ongoing transition to adulthood, his commitment to sport and the process of technologizing his body enabled him doing gender differently and emancipate himself from the familial masculine figure, while remaining reliant on the care provided by women. Thus, we show how the body, context, and life phases contribute to the performances of gender and dis/ability.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Schulkin
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Musical Expression ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Cognitive Revolution

This book traces the origins of music, from the appearance of the relevant anatomical features, to the development of diverse forms of biological systems that figure in musical expression. It considers how music reflects our social nature and is tied to other instrumental expression in the adaptation to changing circumstances. It shows that expectancy and violations of those musical expectations linked to memory and human development are critical features in the aesthetics of musical sensibility (like other avenues of human experience). The book also examines how music is connected to movement and dance. This introduction provides an overview of the “cognitive revolution” and the emergence of a discipline called “social neuroscience,” as well as Leonard Meyer's theory of music drawn from a pragmatism based in C. S. Peirce and John Dewey's notion of inquiry. It also explains how action and embodied cognition are related to music.

Basic mechanisms of, and treatment targets for, stress-related disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 829-839
Author(s):  
Bruce S. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Social And Physical Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The response to the social and physical environment involves two-way communication between the brain and the body and epigenetic adaptation (‘allostasis’) via mediators of the cardiovascular, immune, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and neural mechanisms. Chronic stress causes wear and tear on the brain and body (‘allostatic load and overload’), reflecting also the impact of health-damaging behaviours and lasting effects of early life experiences interacting with genetic predispositions. Hormonal and other mediators of allostasis promote adaptation in the short run but cause allostatic load/overload when they are overused or dysregulated. The brain is key because it determines what is threatening and the physiological and behavioural responses, while showing structural remodelling that affects its function. Besides pharmaceuticals, there are ‘top–down’ interventions, like physical activity, that engage ‘the wisdom of the body’ to change itself, as well as the impact of policies of government and business that encourage individuals to manage their own lives and promote increased ‘healthspan’.

Suicide note written on the forearm using a sharp pointed object

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Behera ◽  
Ravi Rautji ◽  
Ramesh Pratap Anuragi ◽  
Ram Niwas Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Suicide Note ◽  
Metallic Object

Suicide notes are generally written on readily available materials, such as paper, notebook, wall or mirror by means of pen, pencil, marker or chalk. They can also be communicated by telephone, text messages, internet and digital media. A case has been reported where a note was written with henna. Suicide notes written on one’s body are uncommon, and notes engraved on the body with a sharp metallic object are extremely rare. We present two cases where a sharp pointed metallic object was used to write suicide notes on the body.

scholarly journals Design- and Craft thinking analysed as Embodied Cognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Groth
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Tactile Sense ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Study Report ◽  
Self Study ◽  
Design Students

Through the concept of design thinking the act of designing is presented as an intellectual activity, and the act of planning the design is elevated over the making process. However, the importance of materiality and the embodied sense-making that occurs in this context should not be forgotten. In this study, embodied cognition in design and craft practices was investigated through three case studies. The study takes on an enhanced tactile perspective as a methodological platform; thus, the cases involve 1) deafblind makers in ceramics, 2) a practice-led self-study report on tactile experiences while working with clay and 3) a study on design students’ use of their tactile sense during material exploration. The results show that the act of thinking design involves the body as a knowledge provider.

Dramaturgy of the Body: Marcello Moretti's Construction of Arlecchino at the Piccolo Teatro of Milan

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Houle
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

In this article Gabrielle Houle examines the dramaturgical process that actor Marcello Moretti applied to his creation of Arlecchino's body in Giorgio Strehler's globally acclaimed productions of The Servant of Two Masters at the Piccolo Teatro of Milan between 1947 and 1960. She provides a critical analysis of Moretti's interdisciplinary and trans-historical research and creative process, including his study of iconographic representations of the commedia dell’arte, his observation of farmers in Padua in the mid-twentieth century, and the connections he made between his life experiences and his understanding of Arlecchino. She then examines Moretti's acting style, signature postures, and footwork, both as the international press described them and as she observed them in a video recording and in photographs of the productions. The article, based on extensive archival research at the Piccolo Teatro and on interviews with artists who knew both Moretti and Strehler, concludes with a discussion of Moretti's legacy within and beyond Italy. Gabrielle Houle is a theatre scholar, educator, and artist specializing in the recent staging history of the commedia dell’arte, contemporary mask-making practices, and masked performance. She has taught in several Canadian universities, and is a member of the Centre for Oral History and Tradition at the University of Lethbridge, where she is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor.

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